簡介
蔚(yu)州靈巖(yan)寺,全國(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei),明代寺廟(miao)古建筑(zhu)。位(wei)于河北省蔚(yu)縣,是(shi)蔚(yu)州古寺名(ming)剎之(zhi)一。寺院占地面積6682平方米。現存寺廟(miao)建筑(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)宇有天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)、大雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)、東西配殿(dian)(dian)以及禪房僧舍(she)數十間。
格局
靈(ling)巖寺位于蔚縣城鼓(gu)樓(lou)西街,座北朝南(nan)(nan),占地(di)面積6682平方(fang)米。原(yuan)寺院布(bu)局從南(nan)(nan)至北依(yi)次為:牌樓(lou)、山門、天(tian)王殿(dian)、大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)、藏經閣分布(bu)在(zai)一(yi)條(tiao)軸線上。東西為鐘(zhong)、鼓(gu)樓(lou)、配殿(dian)、禪房等。現(xian)存(cun)建筑有天(tian)王殿(dian)、大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)。東、西配殿(dian)及(ji)禪房僧舍數十間。規模(mo)宏大(da)(da)、氣(qi)勢不凡(fan)。
天王殿為(wei)單擔(dan)歇山布瓦頂,面三進三,平面呈(cheng)方形,殿內無金柱(zhu),七檁六架,欄額與普柏枋呈(cheng)“丁”字(zi)形,斗栱為(wei)重(zhong)昂五踩斗栱,轉角為(wei)鴛鴦交首栱,斗栱之(zhi)上(shang)未用螞蚱頭,皆用齊心斗。梁架上(shang)為(wei)“雅伍墨”彩繪(hui),栱眼壁內皆繪(hui)水(shui)墨蟠龍。
大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)單檐(yan)廡殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)布(bu)瓦頂,面五進四(si),五架(jia)梁(liang)前(qian)后均(jun)出前(qian)步廊(lang),檐(yan)下四(si)周置五踩斗栱。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)置精(jing)美天(tian)花(hua)(hua)和(he)斗八(ba)、斗四(si)藻(zao)井。天(tian)花(hua)(hua)上彩繪(hui)“佛教(jiao)八(ba)寶”、“飛鶴(he)”、“花(hua)(hua)卉”圖(tu)案。藻(zao)井三(san)(san)座,頂內(nei)(nei)繪(hui)彩龍(long)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)栱眼壁內(nei)(nei)繪(hui)水(shui)墨蟠龍(long),形態各(ge)異、栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生。前(qian)檐(yan)下置五抹落(luo)地隔扇,為(wei)三(san)(san)交六碗菱花(hua)(hua)心。配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位于天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之間(jian),單檐(yan)懸山布(bu)瓦頂,面三(san)(san)進三(san)(san),五架(jia)梁(liang)。禪房十余間(jian)。
史料記載
據《大(da)同(tong)府志》記載(zai):“蔚(yu)(yu)州靈巖寺(si)元末毀,國朝(chao)正(zheng)(zheng)統(tong)六年(nian)敕賜(si)重(zhong)建(jian)”。經有關(guan)專(zhuan)家研究(jiu),靈巖寺(si)現存的(de)天王殿(dian)為元末、明(ming)初的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)。大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)為廡殿(dian)頂、梁架結(jie)構、彩(cai)繪(hui)藻井具有明(ming)代典型的(de)官式做(zuo)法,應為大(da)明(ming)正(zheng)(zheng)統(tong)六年(nian)英(ying)宗皇帝(di)敕賜(si)重(zhong)建(jian)之物。而且是大(da)明(ming)正(zheng)(zheng)統(tong)年(nian)間蔚(yu)(yu)州籍(ji)司禮監王振奏請英(ying)宗皇帝(di)敕建(jian)的(de)。真可謂藻井華麗、彩(cai)繪(hui)精細、殿(dian)宇輝宏(hong)、氣勢雄(xiong)偉。不(bu)愧(kui)為蔚(yu)(yu)州名剎古寺(si)之一(yi)。