2010年9月,為配(pei)合鄭(zheng)州(zhou)南(nan)出(chu)口暨鄭(zheng)新通道基(ji)本建(jian)設,經國家文物局批準,河南(nan)省(sheng)文物局、鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市文物局組(zu)織鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市文物考(kao)古(gu)研究(jiu)院正式對望京樓(lou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)遺址(zhi)(zhi)進行考(kao)古(gu)發掘。
2010年9月(yue)至12月(yue),該院在對河南新鄭望京樓遺(yi)址考古發(fa)掘中,發(fa)現(xian)了夏代(dai)(dai)和(he)商代(dai)(dai)兩座(zuo)城(cheng)址,并發(fa)現(xian)了外廓(kuo)城(cheng),城(cheng)址總(zong)面積達168萬平方(fang)米。
2011年1月12日,鄭州市文(wen)物考古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院對(dui)外公布了一項考古(gu)發(fa)現(xian),這是中(zhong)原(yuan)地(di)區繼鄭州商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)、偃師二里頭、偃師商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)滎(ying)陽大(da)師姑等之后(hou),在夏商(shang)大(da)型城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)方面的又一重大(da)發(fa)現(xian),對(dui)我們研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)原(yuan)地(di)區早期城(cheng)(cheng)市群的發(fa)展演變和(he)國家起源意義(yi)重大(da)。
望京樓商(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)存較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完整(zheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)平面近方(fang)形,方(fang)向為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)偏東15°。東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻長約590米(mi)(mi)、北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻長約602米(mi)(mi)、南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻長約630米(mi)(mi)、西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻長約560米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻寬(kuan)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10~20米(mi)(mi),整(zheng)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)37萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外側為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬(kuan)約15米(mi)(mi)的(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。
東(dong)城(cheng)墻偏南(nan)發(fa)(fa)現城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)和道路(lu),整座城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)占(zhan)地2000平(ping)方米(mi),是目前(qian)我國發(fa)(fa)現早期城(cheng)址中規模大、形制(zhi)完備的(de)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)。城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)寬4.5米(mi),呈凹(ao)字形,城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)兩(liang)側有立柱柱洞(dong)及(ji)附屬建筑(zhu)設施,從整個(ge)城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)結構來看(kan),可(ke)謂是后(hou)期甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)的(de)雛(chu)形,這將中國甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)的(de)出現向(xiang)前(qian)推到(dao)了商代前(qian)期。道路(lu)為(wei)東(dong)西走向(xiang),目前(qian)發(fa)(fa)掘長度為(wei)40米(mi),寬4~6米(mi)。在城(cheng)址中南(nan)部(bu)發(fa)(fa)現大型夯土建筑(zhu)基址一(yi)處,目前(qian)發(fa)(fa)掘面積為(wei)900平(ping)方米(mi),為(wei)大型回廊式建筑(zhu),北部(bu)為(wei)主(zhu)體建筑(zhu),西、南(nan)、東(dong)為(wei)配房,中部(bu)為(wei)庭院。
夏代城(cheng)址位于商代城(cheng)址外(wai)側(ce),緊鄰商城(cheng)外(wai)護城(cheng)河。
目前已(yi)確定該(gai)城(cheng)址(zhi)的東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)及東(dong)(dong)南、東(dong)(dong)北城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)轉角,其中(zhong)東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長625米。城(cheng)址(zhi)平面亦為方(fang)形,其護城(cheng)河緊(jin)貼城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),寬(kuan)約(yue)11米。
在(zai)距(ju)夏(xia)商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻東(dong)北角約300米(mi)處的(de)馬垌(tong)村東(dong)北部及南部鉆探(tan)時發現有(you)夯(hang)土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻,城(cheng)(cheng)墻外為(wei)一條人工(gong)開鑿的(de)壕溝(gou),為(wei)外廓城(cheng)(cheng)墻和(he)護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)長(chang)約1100米(mi),寬6~25米(mi),深3~4米(mi),經重點勘探(tan),其東(dong)接(jie)黃(huang)(huang)溝(gou)水(shui),西(xi)(xi)連(lian)黃(huang)(huang)水(shui)河(he)。總體來(lai)看,望(wang)京樓(lou)遺址(zhi)西(xi)(xi)、南有(you)黃(huang)(huang)水(shui)河(he),東(dong)有(you)黃(huang)(huang)溝(gou)水(shui),惟(wei)北邊與(yu)陸地(di)相(xiang)通,這樣,外廓城(cheng)(cheng)墻、護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)與(yu)黃(huang)(huang)水(shui)河(he)、黃(huang)(huang)溝(gou)水(shui)一起(qi)形成一個(ge)封(feng)閉的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)圈,望(wang)京樓(lou)遺址(zhi)的(de)夏(xia)、商(shang)二城(cheng)(cheng)均在(zai)這個(ge)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)圈之內(nei)。
望(wang)京樓夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),我國(guo)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)界專家嚴文(wen)明先生(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)李伯謙(qian)先生(sheng)聞訊即親臨現(xian)(xian)場(chang)進(jin)(jin)行實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察,指(zhi)出(chu)望(wang)京樓夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)十分(fen)重大的(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。鑒于(yu)(yu)望(wang)京樓夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)意義重大,2011年1月5日,河南(nan)(nan)省文(wen)物局邀請國(guo)家文(wen)物局、北京大學(xue)、中國(guo)社(she)會科學(xue)院(yuan)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)研究所、首都(dou)師范大學(xue)、南(nan)(nan)京大學(xue)、山東大學(xue)等單位(wei)的(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)專家在(zai)新(xin)鄭(zheng)召開(kai)“河南(nan)(nan)新(xin)鄭(zheng)望(wang)京樓遺址(zhi)專家論證會”。與會專家聽取了(le)鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市文(wen)物考(kao)古(gu)(gu)研究院(yuan)對新(xin)鄭(zheng)望(wang)京樓遺址(zhi)發(fa)(fa)掘情況(kuang)的(de)(de)匯報(bao),實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察了(le)發(fa)(fa)掘現(xian)(xian)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)出(chu)土文(wen)物標(biao)本,并進(jin)(jin)行了(le)科學(xue)的(de)(de)研討(tao)和(he)(he)(he)論證。專家們指(zhi)出(chu):望(wang)京樓夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)僅次于(yu)(yu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偃(yan)師二(er)里頭,其(qi)面(mian)積(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)大在(zai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)聚(ju)落中是(shi)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)罕見的(de)(de),初步推測(ce)其(qi)性質可能為(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)某一方國(guo)都(dou)邑;望(wang)京樓商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)是(shi)繼鄭(zheng)州(zhou)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、偃(yan)師商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)河南(nan)(nan)境內新(xin)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)又一座商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)前期(qi)(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi),其(qi)規模雖遜于(yu)(yu)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),但(dan)遠大于(yu)(yu)其(qi)他(ta)建于(yu)(yu)同(tong)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi),此(ci)可彰顯出(chu)其(qi)高等級的(de)(de)聚(ju)落地(di)位(wei)。望(wang)京樓商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門設施突(tu)出(chu)體現(xian)(xian)了(le)濃厚的(de)(de)軍事防御(yu)色彩,為(wei)(wei)(wei)我國(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)形(xing)制較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)完備(bei)的(de)(de)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。望(wang)京樓夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)同(tong)一地(di)點,對于(yu)(yu)探討(tao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)歷史、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)晚期(qi)(qi)文(wen)化與商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)文(wen)化更替及中國(guo)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池建設等問題都(dou)具有重要意義,是(shi)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)重要的(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。