簡介
輝發(fa)河(he)(he)上游(you)石(shi)棚墓位(wei)于(yu)輝發(fa)河(he)(he)上游(you)的(de)(de)梅(mei)河(he)(he)口(kou)市、柳河(he)(he)縣(xian)境內。輝發(fa)河(he)(he)是第二松花江流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)中上游(you)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)支流(liu)之(zhi)一,其主(zhu)要(yao)流(liu)經吉林省(sheng)南部(bu)(bu)和(he)遼寧省(sheng)東部(bu)(bu)。在(zai)輝發(fa)河(he)(he)上游(you)的(de)(de)兩條主(zhu)要(yao)支流(liu)——一統(tong)河(he)(he)、三統(tong)河(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)布眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)石(shi)棚墓葬(zang),現行政歸(gui)屬分(fen)屬于(yu)通化(hua)(hua)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)梅(mei)河(he)(he)口(kou)市和(he)柳河(he)(he)縣(xian)。據1983年以來文物普查結果,目前,這(zhe)一區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)集(ji)中發(fa)現石(shi)棚墓80余座。這(zhe)些墓葬(zang)大(da)多(duo)(duo)分(fen)布于(yu)哈(ha)達嶺山脈,海拔500—600米高的(de)(de)山崗頂部(bu)(bu)或山脊上,其范(fan)圍東起新開嶺堿水北(bei)溝,西至(zhi)雞冠砬子。輝發(fa)河(he)(he)上游(you)的(de)(de)石(shi)棚墓葬(zang)群是我(wo)國乃至(zhi)東北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)地(di)區(qu)(qu)此類墓葬(zang)分(fen)布最為密集(ji)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)一。同時,也(ye)是東北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)地(di)區(qu)(qu)石(shi)棚墓分(fen)布的(de)(de)最北(bei)界線,對研(yan)究東北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)地(di)區(qu)(qu)這(zhe)一具有廣泛分(fen)布的(de)(de)墓葬(zang)具有極為重要(yao)的(de)(de)意義,也(ye)是反映(ying)東北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)民族(zu)關系與文化(hua)(hua)相融最佳例證之(zhi)一。
特點
在吉(ji)林省(sheng)的(de)(de)輝發(fa)河上游地區,目前(qian)已發(fa)現石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)80余座(zuo)。這些墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)大(da)多(duo)(duo)分(fen)布于哈(ha)達(da)嶺(ling)山脈海拔500至600米的(de)(de)山崗頂部(bu)或(huo)山脊上。構筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材多(duo)(duo)為(wei)砂礫巖(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)質(zhi)員(yuan)巖(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan),并被加工(gong)成(cheng)較規整的(de)(de)長方形或(huo)方形石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)多(duo)(duo)呈長方形,以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)半埋半裸立砌(qi),圍(wei)成(cheng)墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)四壙(kuang)。兩(liang)側(ce)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)是一(yi)塊(kuai)長石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)為(wei)兩(liang)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)相接(jie),個別(bie)的(de)(de)還有(you)(you)兩(liang)層壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。上面用(yong)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)封(feng)頂,四周露出寬大(da)的(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)檐(yan),下面鋪有(you)(you)底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。為(wei)了使石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)更堅(jian)固,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)兩(liang)側(ce)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)下部(bu)或(huo)一(yi)端鑿有(you)(you)對稱(cheng)的(de)(de)凹(ao)槽,以(yi)便嵌入底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)端石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),個別(bie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)周圍(wei)砌(qi)有(you)(you)護坡石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)門前(qian)兩(liang)邊還立有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)成(cheng)為(wei)通道,整座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)形體(ti)結構顯得更加嚴謹、穩定(ding)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)大(da)小有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)差異,一(yi)般砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高于地面1至1.3米,最高可達(da)2米左右。部(bu)分(fen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)內發(fa)現有(you)(you)人骨,有(you)(you)些經火焚燒。隨葬(zang)物有(you)(you)陶(tao)罐、陶(tao)紡(fang)輪(lun)等陶(tao)器(qi)。
這些石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)大(da)多在梅河口(kou)市(shi)和(he)柳河縣(xian)境內,其中大(da)部分(fen)在柳河縣(xian)。除一部分(fen)單獨聳(song)立(li)在山(shan)頂外,其余(yu)多數集中分(fen)布在山(shan)脊上,有些墓(mu)地往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)是石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)與大(da)蓋(gai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)和(he)少量石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)共存(cun)。在石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)的附(fu)近(jin)發現有青銅(tong)時期(qi)遺址(zhi),出(chu)土遺物與石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)出(chu)土遺物較(jiao)為接近(jin),說明石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)年代大(da)體屬于春秋戰(zhan)國時期(qi)。
結構
在(zai)吉林省(sheng)的(de)(de)輝(hui)發河上(shang)游地(di)區,目前已發現石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)80余座。這些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)大多(duo)分(fen)布于(yu)哈(ha)達嶺山(shan)脈(mo)海拔500至600米(mi)的(de)(de)山(shan)崗(gang)頂部或(huo)(huo)山(shan)脊上(shang)。構筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)多(duo)為砂礫巖、泥質員巖、片麻(ma)巖,并被(bei)加工成較(jiao)規整(zheng)的(de)(de)長方形或(huo)(huo)方形石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)多(duo)呈(cheng)長方形,以(yi)(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)半埋半裸立砌,圍成墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室四(si)壙。兩(liang)側(ce)壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)是一塊長石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban),有(you)的(de)(de)為兩(liang)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)相接,個別(bie)的(de)(de)還有(you)兩(liang)層壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)。上(shang)面用大石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)封頂,四(si)周(zhou)露出(chu)寬大的(de)(de)棚(peng)(peng)檐,下面鋪(pu)有(you)底石(shi)(shi)(shi)。為了(le)使石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)更堅(jian)固(gu),有(you)的(de)(de)兩(liang)側(ce)壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)下部或(huo)(huo)一端鑿(zao)有(you)對稱的(de)(de)凹槽,以(yi)(yi)便嵌(qian)入底石(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)端石(shi)(shi)(shi),個別(bie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)周(zhou)圍砌有(you)護(hu)坡石(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門前兩(liang)邊還立有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)成為通道,整(zheng)座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)形體結構顯得更加嚴(yan)謹、穩定。石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)大小有(you)一定的(de)(de)差異,一般砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)于(yu)地(di)面1至1.3米(mi),最高(gao)可達2米(mi)左右。部分(fen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)內發現有(you)人(ren)骨,有(you)些(xie)經火焚燒。隨葬(zang)(zang)物(wu)有(you)陶(tao)(tao)罐(guan)、陶(tao)(tao)紡(fang)輪等陶(tao)(tao)器。
這(zhe)些石棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)大多在(zai)(zai)梅河口市和(he)柳(liu)河縣(xian)境內(nei),其中大部(bu)分在(zai)(zai)柳(liu)河縣(xian)。除(chu)一部(bu)分單獨(du)聳(song)立(li)在(zai)(zai)山(shan)頂(ding)外,其余多數(shu)集中分布在(zai)(zai)山(shan)脊(ji)上,有些墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地往(wang)往(wang)是石棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)與大蓋石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)少量石棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)共(gong)存。在(zai)(zai)石棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的附近(jin)發現(xian)有青銅時期遺址,出(chu)(chu)土(tu)遺物與石棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)遺物較為接近(jin),說明(ming)石棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)年代大體屬于春(chun)秋(qiu)戰國時期。