舂陵侯城遺址位于永州市寧遠(yuan)縣柏(bo)(bo)家坪鎮的柏(bo)(bo)家村和柏(bo)(bo)家井村。遺址四周(zhou)地勢平坦,城南(nan)1000米(mi)有舂陵河自西向東流(liu)經,遠(yuan)處(chu)有延(yan)綿的低矮(ai)山嶺。
漢(han)武帝元朔(shuo)五年(公元前124年),劉買為舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯,立侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于此,漢(han)初元四年(公元前45年),舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯遷徙(xi)他處(chu),此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。1958年,當地的考古工(gong)作者對舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)進行了測(ce)量,其(qi)后經過(guo)多次調查。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)殘(can)存(cun)夯土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),東(dong)(dong)西長170米,南北寬135米,殘(can)高2~6米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)夯土層次分明,東(dong)(dong)、西、北墻(qiang)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺(yi)址(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四角有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雉,四周(zhou)有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)2千米有(you)(you)舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯墓(mu),封土堆無存(cun),有(you)(you)清刻漢(han)舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯墓(mu)殘(can)碑一方,墓(mu)四周(zhou)有(you)(you)圍墻(qiang),四周(zhou)地勢平坦。
舂陵侯城始(shi)建(jian)于秦(qin)漢(han),歷(li)經秦(qin)漢(han)兩(liang)個時期。長沙馬王堆(dui)三號漢(han)墓出土的帛書地圖有舂陵城標記。遺址輪廓清晰(xi),保存相對(dui)完整,對(dui)研究秦(qin)漢(han)時期城市(shi)布(bu)局,自然和人文生存環境(jing)提(ti)供了(le)重(zhong)要實物資料,具有較高的歷(li)史、藝術(shu)和科(ke)學價值。
西漢武帝元朔五年(前124年),以零(ling)陵(ling)(ling)郡泠道縣的舂陵(ling)(ling)鄉(在今湖南(nan)省寧遠(yuan)縣柏家坪鎮)封長(chang)沙王子劉(liu)買(mai)為舂陵(ling)(ling)侯(hou)。
漢元帝初元四年(前45年)遷徙劉仁(ren)到蔡(cai)陽白水鄉為舂陵(ling)侯。舂陵(ling)侯國治所在(zai)今湖北棗陽吳店鎮舂陵(ling)村。
漢(han)元帝初元四年(nian)(nian)(前45年(nian)(nian))舂陵侯國與零陵郡的泠道縣(xian)合并。
清(qing)宗(zong)績辰《舂(chong)(chong)陵碑記(ji)》引《漢書》載(zai):“長沙王發第十三子(zi)買,封于舂(chong)(chong)陵鄉(xiang),屬長沙郡(jun),后(hou)屬零陵郡(jun)之泠(ling)道。買卒,子(zi)戴侯熊渠(qu)嗣,熊渠(qu)卒、子(zi)仁嗣。元(yuan)帝(di)時,仁乞封避瘴毒,治遷南陽。”劉(liu)仁遷至(zhi)南陽白(bai)水(shui)鄉(xiang),重建舂(chong)(chong)陵城(cheng)池,仍為(wei)舂(chong)(chong)陵侯,而東漢光(guang)武帝(di)劉(liu)秀(xiu)乃劉(liu)買五世孫,起生(sheng)命于此(ci),名(ming)曰舂(chong)(chong)陵軍。
又據《水經注》載(zai):“縣本泠(ling)道舂陵鄉(xiang),蓋因舂溪(xi)為(wei)名矣。“