曾國(guo)(guo)藩墓位于湖南岳麓區坪塘街道(dao)桐溪村伏龍山(shan),為晚(wan)清湘(xiang)軍首領、兩(liang)江總督(du)(du)——曾國(guo)(guo)藩之(zhi)墓。同治十(shi)一年(nian)(1872年(nian))二月初四,(公(gong)歷1872年(nian)3月20日)曾國(guo)(guo)藩遽歸道(dao)山(shan)于兩(liang)江總督(du)(du)任(ren)上。是(shi)日午后(hou)(hou),他與(yu)長(chang)子曾紀澤(ze)散步于署西花圃,突(tu)發腳麻,被扶(fu)掖(ye)回書房(fang),已(yi)不能言,端坐三刻溘然而逝。是(shi)月,清廷(ting)聞訃,輟朝三日,追贈太(tai)傅,謚文正(zheng)。后(hou)(hou)靈(ling)柩運抵(di)長(chang)沙,當年(nian)葬于長(chang)沙南門外之(zhi)金盆(pen)嶺。次年(nian)改葬于善化縣平(ping)塘伏龍山(shan)之(zhi)陽(yang),即(ji)今長(chang)沙市岳麓區坪塘街道(dao)桐溪村伏龍山(shan)南,與(yu)是(shi)年(nian)仙逝的歐陽(yang)夫人(ren)合(he)葬。
墓葬
墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)占地面積300平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)冢原(yuan)系三(san)合泥拌(ban)碎石(shi)(shi)(shi)糯米(mi)(mi)混澆而成,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)圍直徑約(yue)5米(mi)(mi),花(hua)崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)圍,高2米(mi)(mi)。塋地砌花(hua)崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)羅圍,并立碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)三(san)通(tong)(tong),漢白玉(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)心,主碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)高3米(mi)(mi),刻楷書碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)“皇(huang)清太(tai)傅(fu)大(da)學士(shi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)(wen)正公(gong)/一(yi)品侯夫人歐陽夫人之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”。附(fu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)均為龍(long)紋浮雕。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)有(you)拜(bai)臺和墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪(ping),拜(bai)臺約(yue)50平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),經26級臺階下接一(yi)大(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪(ping)約(yue)200平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪(ping)上東西兩側各立石(shi)(shi)(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)一(yi)個,分別刻有(you)“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)太(tai)傅(fu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東闕(que)(que)(que)”和“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)太(tai)傅(fu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)西闕(que)(que)(que)”。左側石(shi)(shi)(shi)梯通(tong)(tong)道沿桐溪寺圍墻而下,接墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)廬槽門與御碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭,通(tong)(tong)道兩旁(pang)有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)馬、石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅、石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎及翁仲各一(yi)對。距(ju)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國藩墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)約(yue)60米(mi)(mi)處立有(you)“太(tai)傅(fu)大(da)學士(shi)毅勇侯曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)(wen)正公(gong)神道碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)”,系大(da)學士(shi)李鴻(hong)章撰、翰(han)林黃自(zi)元書,大(da)抵敘述曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國藩生平(ping)(ping)功績(ji)。
墓前風景
墓地正前有(you)(you)(you)古銀杏、羅(luo)漢松各兩株,蓊郁茂(mao)盛。墓地附近(jin)之桐溪寺(si)(si)古稱(cheng)興國(guo)寺(si)(si),為唐(tang)(tang)代振朗(lang)禪(chan)師(shi)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)。該寺(si)(si)掩映于(yu)綠樹(shu)叢中,建(jian)(jian)筑宏偉,樓閣玲瓏,三道(dao)大(da)門(men),寬敞(chang)明亮,為唐(tang)(tang)代名(ming)剎。不(bu)久,寺(si)(si)毀,至宋復建(jian)(jian),名(ming)曰伏龍庵。寺(si)(si)周(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)八景:盤(pan)龍松、集賢(xian)橋(qiao)、象王(wang)嶺、談經(jing)(jing)石(shi)、獅子(zi)峰、桂花井、金盆嶺、萬壽亭(ting)。至明末(mo),寺(si)(si)又(you)毀。清代,經(jing)(jing)天巖應適禪(chan)師(shi)募緣重建(jian)(jian),改(gai)名(ming)桐溪寺(si)(si),因山(shan)后(hou)桐林茂(mao)密、寺(si)(si)前流水(shui)潺潺、山(shan)清水(shui)秀、環境幽雅而得名(ming)。鼎(ding)盛時期,桐溪寺(si)(si)有(you)(you)(you)房100余間,香火繚繞。民(min)國(guo)以后(hou),寺(si)(si)廟日漸凋零。
墓(mu)地曾于(yu)20世(shi)紀50-60年(nian)(nian)代遭(zao)到損(sun)壞,1980年(nian)(nian)代遭(zao)到盜掘(jue),御碑亭(ting)、墓(mu)廬被毀壞,麻石構件被當(dang)地農(nong)民移作他用。1992年(nian)(nian)望城縣(xian)文物(wu)管理所(suo)在當(dang)地成(cheng)立(li)了曾國藩墓(mu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)小組,1993年(nian)(nian)曾國藩墓(mu)先后被列入(ru)(ru)望城縣(xian)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)和長沙市重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei),1996年(nian)(nian)被列入(ru)(ru)湖(hu)南(nan)省文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。其墓(mu)園自1998年(nian)(nian)開始開始規劃(hua)修復, 第(di)一期(qi)修復工程從2000年(nian)(nian)初開始于(yu)2002年(nian)(nian)完(wan)工。2013年(nian)(nian)入(ru)(ru)選全(quan)國重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。
墓(mu)園(yuan)距(ju)坪塘街(jie)道(dao)中心區(qu)(qu)約(yue)4公(gong)里(li)(li),距(ju)離長(chang)沙城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)瀟(xiao)湘大道(dao)、繞城(cheng)(cheng)高速、岳麓(lu)大道(dao)三干線主匝道(dao)約(yue)為2公(gong)里(li)(li)。曾(ceng)國藩墓(mu)園(yuan)景區(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設二(er)期工程(cheng)中神道(dao)、牌坊的文物修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)啟動(dong),墓(mu)廬、御碑亭等項目的修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)的前期準備工作已(yi)基本就緒。據望城(cheng)(cheng)縣文物局相關負責人介紹,經(jing)(jing)過2-3年建(jian)(jian)設,曾(ceng)國藩墓(mu)園(yuan)景區(qu)(qu)將初具規(gui)模。市政協副主席李克(ke)儉、譚世延等參加活動(dong)。
曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩墓(mu)(mu)(mu)位于岳麓(lu)區坪(ping)(ping)塘街(jie)道(dao)桐溪(xi)村伏龍山,其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)冢系三(san)合(he)泥拌(ban)碎石(shi)糯米混澆而(er)成,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)圍直徑約5米,花崗(gang)石(shi)圍。其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)三(san)道(dao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)碑。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)前有(you)拜臺、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坪(ping)(ping),拜臺約50平(ping)方(fang)米,經(jing)26級臺階下接一(yi)(yi)大(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坪(ping)(ping)約200平(ping)方(fang)米,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坪(ping)(ping)上東西兩側(ce)各立(li)石(shi)闕(que)(que)一(yi)(yi)個(ge),分別刻“曾(ceng)(ceng)太傅墓(mu)(mu)(mu)東闕(que)(que)”、“曾(ceng)(ceng)太傅墓(mu)(mu)(mu)西闕(que)(que)”。左(zuo)側(ce)石(shi)梯通(tong)道(dao)沿(yan)桐溪(xi)寺圍墻(qiang)而(er)下,接墓(mu)(mu)(mu)廬(lu)槽門與御碑亭,通(tong)道(dao)兩旁有(you)石(shi)馬、石(shi)獅(shi)、石(shi)虎及石(shi)翁仲各一(yi)(yi)對。距墓(mu)(mu)(mu)冢約60米處立(li)有(you)“太傅大(da)學(xue)士(shi)毅勇侯曾(ceng)(ceng)文正公神道(dao)碑”,敘述了曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩生平(ping)功績。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地正前有(you)參天銀杏、羅漢松各兩株。
曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)經在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀50、70、80年代(dai)遭盜墓(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)三次(ci)破壞(huai)(huai)。墓(mu)(mu)地原(yuan)有的(de)(de)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)石(shi)(shi)馬、石(shi)(shi)獅、石(shi)(shi)虎及(ji)石(shi)(shi)翁(weng)仲(zhong)已(yi)(yi)經四處散落(luo),有的(de)(de)已(yi)(yi)被(bei)破壞(huai)(huai)。墓(mu)(mu)地周圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)麻石(shi)(shi)不是被(bei)附近(jin)村(cun)民(min)用作他(ta)途就(jiu)是被(bei)隨意丟棄。就(jiu)連墓(mu)(mu)廬四周護欄上(shang)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)鏈也被(bei)人偷走。在(zai)(zai)(zai)附近(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)居民(min)家(jia)中(zhong),還(huan)保(bao)留(liu)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)只形狀像海龜一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)赑(bi)屃(按(an)照(zhao)古(gu)習,各(ge)種石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)下(xia)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)座就(jiu)雕(diao)成赑(bi)屃之狀)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)赑(bi)屃的(de)(de)兩側(ce),還(huan)保(bao)存(cun)有已(yi)(yi)經斷成兩截(jie)的(de)(de)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)(mu)神(shen)道(dao)碑(bei)。而曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)(mu)附近(jin)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)經香(xiang)火繚(liao)繞的(de)(de)桐(tong)溪(xi)寺已(yi)(yi)經蕩然無(wu)存(cun)。此處將成旅游景(jing)(jing)區(qu)。1996年,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)被(bei)確定為(wei)(wei)省級文(wen)物保(bao)護單(dan)位。長沙市、望城(cheng)縣文(wen)物部(bu)門(men)圍(wei)(wei)繞曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)修復,多次(ci)組織專家(jia)到實(shi)地調研,并制訂了曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)保(bao)護規(gui)劃(hua)。根據(ju)規(gui)劃(hua),將建(jian)設曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu),景(jing)(jing)區(qu)由曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)與(yu)湘(xiang)(xiang)軍文(wen)化(hua)(hua)休閑園(yuan)組成。前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)文(wen)物保(bao)護為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),包(bao)括修復神(shen)道(dao)(石(shi)(shi)人、石(shi)(shi)馬、石(shi)(shi)羊、石(shi)(shi)虎)、石(shi)(shi)牌坊(fang)(fang)、墓(mu)(mu)廬、桂花井、御碑(bei)亭(ting)(恢復御碑(bei)),800米長麻石(shi)(shi)路以(yi)及(ji)“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)與(yu)湘(xiang)(xiang)軍陣(zhen)列館”。后者(zhe)(zhe)重點(dian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現湘(xiang)(xiang)軍文(wen)化(hua)(hua)特色,包(bao)括騎馬、射(she)箭、摔(shuai)跤(jiao)、拳擊、武術、布陣(zhen)、營帳等(deng)休閑方式。據(ju)悉,墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)建(jian)設將分為(wei)(wei)個階(jie)段(duan)。第一(yi)(yi)(yi)階(jie)段(duan)重點(dian)修繕曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)本體(ti)(ti)(ti)。日前(qian)已(yi)(yi)經完成,墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)、墓(mu)(mu)圍(wei)(wei)、墓(mu)(mu)冢、散水、平臺(tai)、拜臺(tai)、圍(wei)(wei)護欄等(deng)文(wen)物全部(bu)修復。古(gu)樹得到了很好(hao)的(de)(de)維(wei)護。第二(er)階(jie)段(duan)主(zhu)要是修復曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)神(shen)道(dao)(石(shi)(shi)象等(deng))、牌坊(fang)(fang)、墓(mu)(mu)廬(神(shen)道(dao)碑(bei))、御碑(bei)亭(ting)(御碑(bei))及(ji)麻石(shi)(shi)路等(deng)附屬文(wen)物為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。預計用2年至3年時(shi)間完成,使曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)墓(mu)(mu)園(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)初具規(gui)模。第三階(jie)段(duan)重點(dian)修建(jian)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)與(yu)湘(xiang)(xiang)軍陣(zhen)列館,客觀展現曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)生(sheng)平與(yu)湘(xiang)(xiang)軍政(zheng)治集團(tuan)的(de)(de)史(shi)料,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)藩(fan)(fan)(fan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)代(dai)洋(yang)務運動及(ji)文(wen)學藝術等(deng)方面的(de)(de)歷史(shi)作用。
曾(ceng)國(guo)藩(1811-1872),初(chu)名(ming)子城,字(zi)(zi)伯函(han),號滌生,謚(shi)文正(zheng),湖南長沙府湘(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)白楊坪人(ren),現屬雙(shuang)峰(feng)縣荷葉(xie)鎮天子坪曾(ceng)國(guo)藩于嘉慶十六年(1811年)出(chu)生于湖南省雙(shuang)峰(feng)縣井字(zi)(zi)鎮荷葉(xie)塘的一個豪門地主家庭兄妹九(jiu)人(ren)。曾(ceng)國(guo)藩是中國(guo)清(qing)朝時期的軍事家、理學家、政治家,書(shu)法家,中興名(ming)臣之一,也是文學家,晚清(qing)散文「湘(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)派」創立人(ren)。官至(zhi)兩(liang)江(jiang)總督、直(zhi)隸總督、武英殿大(da)學士,封一等毅勇(yong)侯。