臥龍地(di)區(qu)位于(yu)龍門(men)山(shan)中南(nan)段,邛崍(lai)山(shan)的(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)坡,為四(si)(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)向(xiang)川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)高原的(de)過渡地(di)帶,其地(di)貌形態(tai)以(yi)高山(shan)深谷為主。區(qu)內最高峰四(si)(si)姑娘山(shan)是邛崍(lai)山(shan)的(de)主峰,海(hai)拔高度(du)6250米。以(yi)四(si)(si)姑娘山(shan)-巴朗山(shan)為界,以(yi)東(dong)(dong)為四(si)(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)邊緣(yuan)山(shan)地(di),以(yi)西(xi)(xi)進入川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)高原。臥龍地(di)區(qu)大(da)地(di)構造上屬于(yu)龍門(men)山(shan)褶斷帶的(de)中南(nan)段,由一系(xi)列(lie)北(bei)東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)平行(xing)的(de)褶曲(qu)和斷裂組(zu)成。構造帶總體方向(xiang)為北(bei)40-50度(du)東(dong)(dong)。褶曲(qu)均(jun)(jun)為緊密的(de)倒轉(zhuan)腹背斜(xie)、腹向(xiang)斜(xie),自西(xi)(xi)北(bei)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)有:總棚子倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)背斜(xie)、三(san)道卡子倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)向(xiang)斜(xie)、牛(niu)頭(tou)山(shan)倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)背斜(xie)、銅槽倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)向(xiang)斜(xie),這些褶曲(qu)軸面(mian)走向(xiang)為北(bei)30-60度(du)東(dong)(dong),軸面(mian)傾向(xiang)在不(bu)同(tong)(tong)地(di)段變化(hua)很大(da),忽而傾向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei),忽而傾向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan),呈一彎曲(qu)的(de)扭曲(qu)面(mian),傾角40-60度(du)不(bu)等。腹背斜(xie)和腹向(xiang)斜(xie)的(de)兩翼均(jun)(jun)被次一級同(tong)(tong)向(xiang)傾向(xiang)的(de)小背斜(xie)和小向(xiang)斜(xie)復(fu)雜化(hua)。
保護對象
植物
物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣性:臥龍自然保(bao)護區曾(ceng)與四川省南(nan)充師(shi)范學院生物(wu)系合作(zuo)考察(cha)、收集植物(wu)標本達5000多號(hao)、20000多份,還鑒定出植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類數(shu)近(jin)4000種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);發現(xian)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10個(ge),記錄(lu)在案的(de)高等植物(wu)有217科(ke)、814屬、1989種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中,苔蘚植物(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)8.29%,蕨(jue)類植物(wu)191種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)全國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類數(shu)的(de)8.3%,四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)20.0%,被子植物(wu)1604種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)全國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)約(yue)(yue)6.6%,四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)18.98%。
珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕(bin)危植(zhi)物(wu):臥(wo)龍自然保(bao)護區內有國家(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)護的珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕(bin)危植(zhi)物(wu)245種,其中屬國家(jia)(jia)一級保(bao)護有珙桐(tong)(Davidia involucrata Baillon)水杉(Metasequ oia glyptostroboides Cheng),二(er)級保(bao)護的有伯樂樹(Bretschneidera sinensis)連香樹(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)光葉珙桐(tong)(Davidiainvolucrata var. vilmoriniana)香果樹(Emmenopterys henryi)杜(du)仲(zhong)(Eucommia ulmoides)銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)胡桃(Juglans sp.)四川紅杉(Larix mas tersiana)水青樹(Tetracentron sinense),三級保(bao)護的有:黃(huang)蓍(Astrgal us menbranaceus)黃(huang)連(Coptis chinensis)金線槭(Dipteronia sinensis)八角(jiao)蓮(Dysosm a versipellis)領春木(Euptelea pleiospermum)天麻(Gastrodia elata)厚樸(Magnolia officinalis)扇蕨(Meocheiropteris palmatopedata)黃(huang)薜(bi)(Phelloclendron amurense)垂(chui)枝云(yun)杉(Picea brachytyla)筇(qiong)竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)大(da)葉柳(Salix magnifica)延齡(ling)草(Trillium tschonoskii)。
(3)資源植(zhi)物(wu)(wu):臥(wo)龍自然保護區森林茂(mao)密,木材蓄積(ji)量近兩千萬立方米,有(you)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)870種(zhong),是四川藥(yao)材的重要產(chan)區,天麻、貝母、水母雪蓮、黃芪(qi)等名貴藥(yao)材產(chan)量豐富(fu)。有(you)油脂類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)80種(zhong),淀粉(fen)及(ji)糖(tang)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong),纖維類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)60種(zhong),單(dan)寧類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong),芳(fang)香類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)28種(zhong),此外,臥(wo)龍還(huan)出產(chan)大量的可食菌類、蕨苔,構成山珍野味的一部(bu)分。
動物
物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣性:臥龍自然保護區(qu)曾與西華師(shi)范大學生(sheng)物系(xi)珍稀動植物研究(jiu)所合作考察,記錄在案的動物有(you)(you)2200種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)左右,其中(zhong)昆(kun)蟲(chong)約(yue)1700多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊(ji)椎動物437種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)獸(shou)類(lei)7目23科(ke)(ke)109種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的50%;鳥類(lei)13目43科(ke)(ke)281種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的52%;爬行類(lei)1目5科(ke)(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);兩(liang)棲類(lei)有(you)(you)2目5科(ke)(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);魚(yu)類(lei)有(you)(you)3目5科(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)動(dong)物:臥龍自(zi)然保(bao)護區由于特殊(shu)的(de)自(zi)然環境與地理位置(zhi),保(bao)存了不(bu)少古(gu)老子遺動(dong)物,是我國(guo)大熊貓(mao)的(de)主要(yao)分布區,大熊貓(mao)的(de)數(shu)(shu)量約占全國(guo)總數(shu)(shu)的(de)10%,列為國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護的(de)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)的(de)高等動(dong)物有(you)(you)57種(zhong),其中一級(ji)保(bao)護的(de)有(you)(you)大熊貓(mao)(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)金絲猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)等13種(zhong)。二級(ji)保(bao)護的(de)有(you)(you)獼猴、藏酋猴等44種(zhong)。
發展規劃
臥(wo)龍自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)始建于1963年(nian),面積(ji)2萬公頃,是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最早建立的綜合(he)(he)性國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)之(zhi)一。1974年(nian)3月面積(ji)擴大到20 萬公頃。1980年(nian)加(jia)入聯合(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)教科文組織“人與生物(wu)圈”保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)網,并與世界野生生物(wu)基金(jin)會(hui)合(he)(he)作(zuo)建立中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)大熊貓研究中(zhong) 心。1983年(nian)7月,省(sheng)政府,原(yuan)林業(ye)部聯合(he)(he)作(zuo)出了(le)將四(si)川省(sheng)汶川縣臥(wo)龍特別行(xing)政區(qu)改為四(si)川省(sheng)汶川臥(wo)龍特別行(xing)政區(qu)的決(jue)定,與臥(wo)龍自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管理局合(he)(he)署辦公的綜合(he)(he)管理體(ti)制。
國家和四川省命名臥龍(long)自然保護區(qu)為“科普教(jiao)育基(ji)地”“愛國主義教(jiao)育基(ji)地”。
多(duo)年(nian)(nian)來(lai),臥(wo)龍自然保(bao)護區(qu)著眼(yan)于建設一流的國家自然保(bao)護區(qu)目(mu)標(biao),堅持保(bao)護和(he)合(he)理利(li)(li)用的方針,特別是大(da)熊(xiong)貓的研究取得了突(tu)破性進展(zhan)(zhan),1990年(nian)(nian)至2001年(nian)(nian)已成(cheng)功地人工繁殖大(da)熊(xiong)貓34胎(tai),51仔、成(cheng)活42仔,現已同山東(dong)魯能信誼旅(lv)游(you)集團簽訂開發(fa)協議,力爭實現2005年(nian)(nian)前建成(cheng)大(da)熊(xiong)貓生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)勝利(li)(li)的目(mu)標(biao)。在2012年(nian)(nian)當時,區(qu)內經濟(ji)得到有效(xiao)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),人民生(sheng)活水平顯著提(ti)高。基(ji)礎設施建設發(fa)生(sheng)根本性改善(shan),保(bao)護區(qu)的建設和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)向符(fu)合(he)中(zhong)國國情的良性循環方向發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
設計理念
臥龍自然保(bao)護區(qu)的“中(zhong)華(hua)大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)園”的規劃設計(ji),把生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資源(yuan)、研(yan)(yan)究實(shi)(shi)踐、拓展建(jian)設、長(chang)遠(yuan)發展結合起來,把就地取材、因勢利導(dao)、順應自然與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設結合起來。通過大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)野(ye)化馴養(yang)區(qu)、大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)產仔區(qu)、大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)野(ye)外(wai)放歸過渡區(qu)、大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)野(ye)外(wai)放歸試驗區(qu)等互動(dong)一體的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)區(qu)的規劃設計(ji),成功(gong)(gong)的完成了(le)“保(bao)護是前提,研(yan)(yan)究為中(zhong)心(xin),放歸是目(mu)的”的指導(dao)思想。為提供更多更優化更合乎自然的物種研(yan)(yan)究大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)創造(zao)了(le)更優秀的條件,使臥龍名(ming)符其實(shi)(shi)成為世(shi)界(jie)(jie)上最生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、最優秀、最先進(jin)、最前衛的保(bao)護、研(yan)(yan)究大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)(mao)的中(zhong)心(xin),進(jin)一步得到黨和國(guo)家(jia)的領導(dao)人、世(shi)界(jie)(jie)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物基金(jin)會領導(dao)及有關專家(jia)、學(xue)者的矚目(mu)和關心(xin)。
創造原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)環(huan)境中的(de)(de)(de)大(da)熊貓(mao)生(sheng)態(tai)景區(qu)(qu),與一般(ban)意義上的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物園和主題公園有顯著差別,它并(bing)不是(shi)簡單地將(jiang)(jiang)不同(tong)生(sheng)長環(huan)境中的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物集中到一處野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物園或(huo)主題公園進行喂(wei)養;臥龍是(shi)大(da)熊貓(mao)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)地,將(jiang)(jiang)大(da)熊貓(mao)放歸(gui)野(ye)外,實行半野(ye)生(sheng)放養的(de)(de)(de)這一科學試驗,為進一步將(jiang)(jiang)人工繁殖的(de)(de)(de)大(da)熊貓(mao)完全放歸(gui)自(zi)然提供了探索性(xing)思路,真正實現自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)則。我們(men)力圖通過(guo)對此(ci)項目的(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)設計,來凸現臥龍大(da)熊貓(mao)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)地域特征及生(sheng)態(tai)景觀的(de)(de)(de)唯一性(xing),打造出中國生(sheng)態(tai)景區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)一個世界(jie)級(ji)品(pin)牌"熊貓(mao)之鄉"。