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迎客(ke)松屹(yi)立在黃山(shan)風景區玉(yu)屏樓的(de)(de)青獅石旁，海拔1670米(mi)處(chu)。樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)9.91米(mi)，胸圍2.05米(mi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)高(gao)2.54米(mi)。樹(shu)(shu)干中部伸出(chu)長達7.6米(mi)的(de)(de)兩大側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)展向前方，恰似一位好(hao)客(ke)的(de)(de)主人，揮展雙臂(bei)，熱情地歡迎五(wu)湖四海的(de)(de)賓客(ke)來黃山(shan)游覽。游客(ke)到此，頓時(shi)游興倍增，紛紛攝影(ying)留念，引以為幸。

游玩勝地

迎客(ke)松作為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)民同(tong)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)人(ren)(ren)民友誼的(de)(de)象征，早已蜚(fei)聲(sheng)中(zhong)外(wai)。我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家領導人(ren)(ren)曾在人(ren)(ren)民大會(hui)堂的(de)(de)巨(ju)幅“迎客(ke)松”國(guo)(guo)畫前，接見(jian)過無數友好使者，同(tong)世(shi)界(jie)(jie)各國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)民結下了深厚(hou)的(de)(de)友誼。迎客(ke)松作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)之瑰寶，是當(dang)之無愧的(de)(de)。

迎客松(song)是(shi)黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)的(de)譽稱，系(xi)松(song)科松(song)屬的(de)常綠喬木。黃山(shan)(shan)、清(qing)涼峰自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)、牯牛降自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)以及與浙、贛交界山(shan)(shan)地(di)，海(hai)拔600—700米以上地(di)帶均(jun)有分布。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)，其(qi)外形與我(wo)(wo)國華北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)的(de)油(you)(you)松(song)極為相似，故過去一(yi)(yi)直被當作(zuo)油(you)(you)松(song)。1936年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國植物學家們來這里進行(xing)實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察后，經鑒定認為，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)針葉短(duan)、微(wei)細，樹(shu)脂(zhi)道的(de)數(shu)量、位置與油(you)(you)松(song)截然(ran)不同，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)新種定名(ming)為黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(Pinus hwangshanensis)。1961年(nian)(nian)著名(ming)林學家鄭萬鈞(jun)等將(jiang)黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)與臺灣松(song)合(he)并為一(yi)(yi)種，改其(qi)學名(ming)為(Pinus taiwanensis)，仍保(bao)留“黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)”這一(yi)(yi)中名(ming)。

經濟價值

黃(huang)山松(song)(song)還具有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)經濟價值。據《徽州府志》記載，徽墨的(de)宗(zong)師(shi)奚廷硅(gui)曾用黃(huang)山松(song)(song)松(song)(song)煙為原(yuan)料，制做出“豐肌(ji)膩理、光輝如漆(qi)”，經久不褪，香味濃郁(yu)的(de)佳(jia)墨。因(yin)此，深得南唐(tang)后主李(li)煜(yu)的(de)厚愛，并賜給(gei)“國姓(xing)”，奚廷硅(gui)改(gai)稱李(li)廷硅(gui)。黃(huang)山松(song)(song)的(de)材(cai)質較(jiao)馬尾松(song)(song)為優，可供建筑(zhu)、橋梁、家具及木纖維(wei)工業(ye)的(de)原(yuan)料，并可采(cai)割松(song)(song)脂。

相關介紹

黃山

黃(huang)山(shan)被譽(yu)為“天下(xia)第一奇

山(shan)(shan)”的(de)黃山(shan)(shan)，以奇(qi)松、怪石、云海、溫泉(quan)、冬雪(xue)“五絕”聞(wen)名于世(shi)，而人們(men)(men)對黃山(shan)(shan)奇(qi)松，更是情(qing)有(you)獨(du)鐘。山(shan)(shan)頂上，陡崖邊，處處都有(you)它們(men)(men)瀟(xiao)灑、挺秀的(de)身影。

黃(huang)山(shan)最妙的(de)觀松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)處(chu)，當然(ran)是(shi)曾被徐霞客(ke)(ke)稱(cheng)為(wei)“黃(huang)山(shan)絕勝處(chu)”的(de)玉屏樓了(le)(le)。樓前懸崖上有“迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)”、“陪客(ke)(ke)”、“送客(ke)(ke)”三大名(ming)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)姿(zi)態優美(mei)，枝(zhi)干(gan)遒(qiu)勁(jing)，雖(sui)然(ran)飽(bao)經風霜，卻仍然(ran)郁(yu)郁(yu)蒼蒼，充滿生機(ji)。它有一叢青翠的(de)枝(zhi)干(gan)斜伸出(chu)去，如(ru)同好客(ke)(ke)的(de)主人(ren)(ren)伸出(chu)手(shou)臂，熱情地歡(huan)迎(ying)賓(bin)客(ke)(ke)的(de)到來(lai)。如(ru)今，這(zhe)棵迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)已(yi)經成為(wei)黃(huang)山(shan)奇松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)代表(biao)，乃至整(zheng)個黃(huang)山(shan)的(de)象征(zheng)了(le)(le)。陪客(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)正對玉屏樓，如(ru)同一個綠(lv)(lv)色的(de)巨(ju)人(ren)(ren)站在那兒，正陪同游(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)觀賞美(mei)麗(li)的(de)黃(huang)山(shan)風光。送客(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)姿(zi)態獨特，枝(zhi)干(gan)蟠(pan)曲，游(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)把它比作“天然(ran)盆景”。它向(xiang)山(shan)下伸出(chu)長(chang)長(chang)的(de)“手(shou)臂”，好像在跟游(you)(you)客(ke)(ke)依依不舍地告別。迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)譽稱(cheng)，系松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)科松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)屬的(de)常(chang)綠(lv)(lv)喬木(mu)。黃(huang)山(shan)、清涼峰自然(ran)保護(hu)區、牯牛降自然(ran)保護(hu)區以及與(yu)浙(zhe)、贛(gan)交界(jie)山(shan)地，海(hai)拔600—700米以上地帶均有分(fen)布。黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，其(qi)外形與(yu)我國華北(bei)、西北(bei)的(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)極為(wei)相似，故過(guo)去一直被當作油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。

黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)延綿數百里，千峰(feng)萬壑(he)，比(bi)比(bi)皆松。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松，它分布于海拔800米以上高山(shan)(shan)，以石(shi)(shi)為母，頑強地扎根于巨巖裂(lie)隙。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松針葉粗短，蒼翠濃密(mi)，干(gan)曲枝虬(qiu)，千姿百態。或(huo)(huo)倚(yi)岸(an)挺拔，或(huo)(huo)獨(du)立峰(feng)巔，或(huo)(huo)倒懸絕壁，或(huo)(huo)冠平如蓋，或(huo)(huo)尖削(xue)似劍。有的(de)循崖度壑(he)，繞石(shi)(shi)而過；有的(de)穿罅穴縫，破石(shi)(shi)而出(chu)。忽(hu)懸、忽(hu)橫、忽(hu)臥、忽(hu)起，“無樹非(fei)松，無石(shi)(shi)不松，無松不奇”。

黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)是由黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)獨特地貌、氣(qi)候而(er)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)變(bian)體。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)一般生長在(zai)(zai)海拔(ba)800米(mi)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，通常(chang)是黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)北坡(po)在(zai)(zai)1500-1700米(mi)處(chu)，南坡(po)在(zai)(zai)1000-1600米(mi)處(chu)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千姿百態和黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)自然環境有著(zhu)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子能夠被風(feng)送到花崗(gang)(gang)巖(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裂縫中(zhong)去，以無堅不(bu)摧、有縫即入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆勁，在(zai)(zai)那(nei)里(li)發(fa)芽、生根(gen)、成(cheng)長。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)泥(ni)土稀(xi)少，但(dan)花崗(gang)(gang)巖(yan)中(zhong)肉紅色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長石中(zhong)含有鉀，夏天雷雨后空氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氮氣(qi)變(bian)成(cheng)氮鹽，可以被巖(yan)層和泥(ni)土吸(xi)收，進而(er)為松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)系吸(xi)收；

黃山松

鳳凰松：其干(gan)低(di)矮，平分(fen)二杈，一枝(zhi)昂然斜(xie)伸(shen)，宛若鳳凰引頸；一枝(zhi)平展(zhan)四射，恰似鳳凰開屏(ping)。

蒲團松(song)：其(qi)(qi)粗矮的(de)主干頂端(duan)，枝條(tiao)團團鋪散，構成(cheng)圓形(xing)的(de)平頂樹冠(guan)，狀如蘑菇，相傳僧人常在(zai)其(qi)(qi)頂打盤(pan)靜(jing)坐。

雙龍松：二(er)干盤(pan)旋虬曲于(yu)(yu)懸崖峭(qiao)壁之(zhi)上，形似二(er)龍嬉戲于(yu)(yu)云海松濤(tao)之(zhi)中。

連(lian)理(li)松(song)(song):連(lian)理(li)松(song)(song)為黃山(shan)十大名松(song)(song)之一(yi)，列入(ru)世界遺產名錄。位于自(zi)“黑虎松(song)(song)”去(qu)“始信峰”途中左側。樹高(gao)20多米(mi)，在離(li)地2米(mi)處樹分兩干，并(bing)蒂齊肩，其粗細、高(gao)低幾(ji)乎一(yi)模一(yi)樣。因為人(ren)(ren)們常以連(lian)理(li)比喻夫妻，所以附于此樹的(de)傳(chuan)說也是愛(ai)恨纏綿(mian)的(de)唐明皇(huang)與楊貴妃的(de)故事。相(xiang)傳(chuan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)曾于七夕明誓，百年之后同去(qu)黃山(shan)，修身(shen)養性(xing)再結連(lian)理(li)。死后二(er)人(ren)(ren)果然同游黃山(shan)，并(bing)留戀(lian)此地美景而化身(shen)為連(lian)理(li)松(song)(song)。所以攜手同游的(de)戀(lian)人(ren)(ren)經由此樹，都要在這里留影，讓(rang)古樹為幸福(fu)愛(ai)情(qing)作證(zheng)。

還有臥龍松、倒掛松、麒麟松等(deng)等(deng)。

它(ta)們(men)千(qian)姿百態，造型古雅奇(qi)特，猶(you)如顆(ke)顆(ke)瑰麗的翠玉，鑲嵌在秀(xiu)麗的群峰(feng)之中，給黃山增添了無窮的詩情畫意。舉世聞(wen)名(ming)的迎客(ke)松(song)可算(suan)是這些奇(qi)松(song)中的佼佼者了。它(ta)蒼勁奇(qi)秀(xiu)，俊俏(qiao)多姿，雍容瀟灑美不勝收。

松樹

松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)根系不斷分(fen)泌一(yi)(yi)種有機酸，能(neng)慢慢溶(rong)解巖石，把巖石中的(de)(de)礦物(wu)鹽(yan)類(lei)分(fen)解出(chu)(chu)來為己(ji)所用；花草(cao)、樹葉(xie)等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)腐(fu)爛后，也分(fen)解成肥料；這樣黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)便在(zai)(zai)貧瘠的(de)(de)巖縫中也能(neng)存活、成長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。地勢崎嶇不平，懸(xuan)崖(ya)峭壁(bi)縱橫堆疊(die)，黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)無(wu)法垂直(zhi)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，只(zhi)能(neng)彎彎曲曲地甚(shen)至(zhi)朝(chao)下生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。由于要抗暴風御冰霜(shuang)，黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)針葉(xie)短(duan)粗，冠平如削，色綠深沉，樹干和樹枝(zhi)也極堅韌(ren)，極富彈性(xing)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)特點(dian)是，由于風吹日曬，許多松(song)(song)(song)樹只(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)樹枝(zhi)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)姿態(tai)堅韌(ren)傲(ao)然，美(mei)麗奇特，但生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)環境十分(fen)艱苦(ku)，因(yin)而(er)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)速(su)度異常緩慢，一(yi)(yi)棵高不盈(ying)丈(zhang)的(de)(de)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)，往往樹齡上百年，甚(shen)至(zhi)數(shu)百年；根部常常比樹干長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)幾倍(bei)、幾十倍(bei)，由于根部很深，黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)能(neng)堅強地立于巖石之上，雖(sui)歷風霜(shuang)雨霜(shuang)卻依然永葆青春。

十大名松

最著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)有：迎客松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于玉(yu)屏樓的(de)石獅前面），送客松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于玉(yu)屏樓的(de)右邊），蒲團松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于蓮花(hua)溪谷），鳳凰松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于天海(hai)(hai)），棋盤(pan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于平田(tian)石橋(qiao)），接(jie)引(yin)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于始信峰），麒麟松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于北海(hai)(hai)賓館和(he)清涼臺之(zhi)間(jian)），黑虎松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于北海(hai)(hai)賓館和(he)始信峰之(zhi)間(jian)），探海(hai)(hai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)或(huo)叫舞松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于天都(dou)(dou)峰的(de)鯽(ji)魚背旁(pang)邊）──這(zhe)就是黃山的(de)十大名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。過去還曾有人編了(le)《名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)譜》，收錄了(le)許多(duo)黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，可以(yi)數出名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹成百上千(qian)，每棵(ke)都(dou)(dou)獨具(ju)美麗(li)、優(you)雅的(de)風格。