龍王山遺址位于湖北省荊門市東寶區子陵鋪鎮南橋村與美滿村交界處,總面積約20萬平方米,為新石器時代大溪文化晚期的文化遺存。龍王山遺址(zhi)由(you)主遺址(zhi)區(qu)和墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)區(qu)組成(cheng),北部(bu)是(shi)(shi)居住(zhu)區(qu)遺址(zhi),南部(bu)是(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)區(qu)遺址(zhi),2007年已發掘墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)203座(zuo)。
龍(long)王山遺址于1998年(nian)成為(wei)荊門市第二批重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位,2008年(nian)成為(wei)湖(hu)北省第五批重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位。2013年(nian),國務院(yuan)公布為(wei)龍(long)第七批全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位。
龍王山遺址(zhi)為(wei)新石器(qi)時代大溪(xi)文(wen)化晚期(qi)的(de)文(wen)化遺存,距今約(yue)5000年(nian)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地和居(ju)址(zhi)保存較(jiao)(jiao)完(wan)整,且墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬顯示(shi)的(de)社會(hui)分化情(qing)況十(shi)分明顯,其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地單墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)出土(tu)器(qi)物之(zhi)多(duo)以及(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬形(xing)制之(zhi)特(te)別(bie)在全國都很少見。從(cong)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬隨葬品(pin)的(de)數量看,僅M132中(zhong)就出土(tu)器(qi)物260件,是長江中(zhong)游(you)同時期(qi)單個墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong)一次(ci)性出土(tu)器(qi)物較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬。這批(pi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬隨葬品(pin)的(de)放置位置特(te)別(bie),絕大多(duo)數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬的(de)隨葬器(qi)物置于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坑中(zhong)間(jian),個別(bie)置于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)四(si)周。隨葬器(qi)物有(you)鮮明的(de)特(te)征:大多(duo)數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)的(de)隨葬陶器(qi)為(wei)明器(qi),且同墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)同類器(qi)數量大,如在M10中(zhong),僅陶罐就有(you)113件;出土(tu)有(you)精美(mei)的(de)玉器(qi),1/10的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)隨葬有(you)玉器(qi)。
龍(long)王(wang)山遺(yi)址(zhi)于1998年成為(wei)荊門(men)市第(di)二批(pi)重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位,2008年成為(wei)湖北省(sheng)第(di)五批(pi)重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。2013年,國(guo)(guo)務院印發《關(guan)于核定并(bing)公(gong)布第(di)七(qi)批(pi)全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位的通知》,公(gong)布了龍(long)王(wang)山遺(yi)址(zhi)為(wei)第(di)七(qi)批(pi)全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。