成書背景
李(li)時珍念本草一書(shu)歷代(dai)注解(jie)者謬誤(wu)亦多,遂考古證(zheng)今,辨疑(yi)訂(ding)誤(wu),廣采博(bo)收群書(shu),在宋(song)代(dai)唐慎微《經史(shi)證(zheng)類(lei)備急(ji)本草》基(ji)礎上編成(cheng)此書(shu)。
流傳版本
《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草綱目(mu)》版(ban)(ban)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)頗多,除國(guo)外(wai)(wai)各種(zhong)全(quan)譯(yi)或節(jie)譯(yi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)外(wai)(wai),國(guo)內現存約七十二種(zhong),大致可分為“一祖三(san)系”,即祖本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(金(jin)陵本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、攝元堂(tang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben))及江西(xi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、錢(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、張(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)三(san)個系統。江西(xi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)系統,主要為明萬歷三(san)十一年(nian)(nian)(1603)夏(xia)良(liang)心、張(zhang)鼎思刻本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)等(deng);錢(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)系統,主要為明崇禎十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1640)錢(qian)蔚起杭州六有(you)堂(tang)刻本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),并(bing)改(gai)繪藥(yao)圖(tu),以及清(qing)順(shun)治十二年(nian)(nian)(1655)吳(wu)毓昌太和堂(tang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),乾隆間(jian)《四庫全(quan)書》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)即據(ju)此本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)抄錄;張(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)系統,主要為清(qing)光(guang)緒十一年(nian)(nian)(1885)張(zhang)紹棠(tang)南京味(wei)古齋(zhai)刻本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),文字參校江西(xi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、錢(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),藥(yao)圖(tu)改(gai)繪后增加十余幅,并(bing)附《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草綱目(mu)拾遺》。1957年(nian)(nian)人民(min)衛生出(chu)版(ban)(ban)社(she)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)即據(ju)張(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)影(ying)印,晚近通行本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)為1977年(nian)(nian)人民(min)衛生出(chu)版(ban)(ban)社(she)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)劉衡如校點(dian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),1993年(nian)(nian)上海科(ke)學技(ji)術出(chu)版(ban)(ban)社(she)金(jin)陵本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)影(ying)印本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。
校注、整理
《本草綱目》現有劉(liu)衡(heng)如、劉(liu)山(shan)永校(xiao)注本。
作者簡介
李時珍(zhen)(zhen)(約1518~1593)明代杰(jie)出醫(yi)藥學(xue)家。字東璧,晚(wan)(wan)號瀕湖(hu)山人。蘄州(zhou)(今湖(hu)北蘄春)人。世(shi)業醫(yi),父(fu)言(yan)聞,有醫(yi)名。幼習儒,三(san)(san)(san)次應鄉試(shi)不(bu)中。師事顧日(ri)巖,讀書(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)。受家庭熏陶,兼(jian)好醫(yi)書(shu)(shu),遂(sui)(sui)精醫(yi)藥。千(qian)里(li)就(jiu)醫(yi)于(yu)(yu)門,立活不(bu)取值。楚(chu)王聞之(zhi),聘為(wei)奉(feng)祠(ci),掌良醫(yi)所(suo)事。世(shi)子(zi)(zi)暴厥,治之(zhi)即甦。經(jing)推薦,赴京(jing)師太醫(yi)院(yuan)供職一年(nian)(nian),或云(yun)嘗授太醫(yi)院(yuan)院(yuan)判(pan)之(zhi)職。晚(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)因(yin)子(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)中為(wei)官,遂(sui)(sui)進封(feng)文林郎、四川(chuan)省蓬溪知縣。念本(ben)草一書(shu)(shu)歷代注解者謬誤亦(yi)多,遂(sui)(sui)考古證今,辨(bian)疑訂誤,廣采博收群書(shu)(shu),奮發編修(xiu)。自嘉靖三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1552年(nian)(nian))至萬歷六年(nian)(nian)(1578年(nian)(nian)),歷時二(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)載,三(san)(san)(san)易其稿,著成《本(ben)草綱目》五十(shi)(shi)二(er)卷,初刊于(yu)(yu)金陵(ling)。子(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)中、建(jian)(jian)(jian)元(yuan)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)木及(ji)諸(zhu)孫(sun)皆參與繪制藥圖(tu),孫(sun)樹(shu)宗、樹(shu)聲為(wei)之(zhi)校對(dui)。甫及(ji)刻(ke)成,時珍(zhen)(zhen)即逝。對(dui)脈(mo)學(xue)亦(yi)深有研(yan)究,所(suo)撰(zhuan)《瀕湖(hu)脈(mo)學(xue)》(1564年(nian)(nian))能融會先賢脈(mo)學(xue)之(zhi)精華,刪繁去蕪,講求實(shi)用,論述較為(wei)通俗簡要,以韻體(ti)文寫成,便于(yu)(yu)記誦。此書(shu)(shu)歸納脈(mo)象為(wei)二(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種,各(ge)撰(zhuan)體(ti)狀(zhuang)詩(shi)、相類(lei)詩(shi)、主病詩(shi)。另著有《奇經(jing)八(ba)脈(mo)考》(1572年(nian)(nian)),于(yu)(yu)奇經(jing)循行路線及(ji)證治規律闡發尤多。已佚醫(yi)著有《三(san)(san)(san)焦(jiao)客難》、《命門考》(或以為(wei)實(shi)系一書(shu)(shu))、《五臟(zang)圖(tu)論》《瀕湖(hu)醫(yi)案(an)》《瀕湖(hu)集(ji)簡方》等(deng)。次子(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)元(yuan),從父(fu)業醫(yi),有醫(yi)名。父(fu)卒,獻《本(ben)草綱目》于(yu)(yu)朝廷。四子(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)方,精醫(yi),中年(nian)(nian)入選太醫(yi)院(yuan)醫(yi)士(shi)。弟子(zi)(zi)龐(pang)鹿門,傳(chuan)其醫(yi)學(xue);瞿九思,傳(chuan)其儒學(xue)。
書評、序言
《本(ben)草綱(gang)目》原序
紀稱:望(wang)龍(long)光,知古劍;覘(zhan)寶(bao)(bao)氣(qi),辨(bian)明珠。故萍實商羊(yang),非(fei)天(tian)明莫洞。厥(jue)后博物稱華,辨(bian)字稱康(kang),析寶(bao)(bao)玉稱倚(yi)頓,亦僅僅晨星(xing)耳。楚(chu)蘄陽李君東璧,一(yi)日過予(yu) 山(shan)園(yuan)謁予(yu),留(liu)飲數有《本(ben)草綱(gang)(gang)目(mu)(mu)》數十(shi)卷。謂予(yu)曰∶時珍,荊楚(chu)鄙人也(ye)(ye)(ye)。幼多羸疾,質成鈍椎;長耽典(dian)籍,若啖蔗飴(yi)。遂(sui)漁獵(lie)群書,搜羅百(bai)氏。凡子(zi)、史、經、傳、聲(sheng)韻、農圃(pu)、醫(yi)卜(bu)、星(xing)相(xiang)、樂府諸(zhu)家,稍有得處,輒著數言(yan)(yan)。古有《本(ben)草》一(yi)書,自炎黃及(ji)漢、梁(liang)、唐、宋,下(xia)迨國朝,注解群氏舊矣。第其(qi)(qi)中舛謬差訛遺漏,不可枚數。乃敢奮編摩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,僭纂(zuan)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權。歲歷三十(shi)稔(ren),書考八百(bai)余家,稿凡三易(yi)。復者(zhe)芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),闕者(zhe)緝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),訛者(zhe)繩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。舊本(ben)一(yi)千五(wu)(wu)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)八種(zhong)(zhong),今(jin)增(zeng)藥三百(bai)七十(shi)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)為一(yi)十(shi)六部,著成五(wu)(wu)十(shi)二(er)卷。雖(sui)非(fei)集成,亦粗大備,僭名曰《本(ben)草綱(gang)(gang)目(mu)(mu)》。愿(yuan)乞一(yi)言(yan)(yan),以托不朽。予(yu)開卷細玩(wan),每藥標正名為綱(gang)(gang),附(fu)(fu)釋名為目(mu)(mu),正始也(ye)(ye)(ye);次以集解、辨(bian)疑、正誤,詳(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)土產形(xing)狀(zhuang)也(ye)(ye)(ye);次以氣(qi)味、主(zhu)治、附(fu)(fu)方,著其(qi)(qi)體(ti)用也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)自墳典(dian),下(xia)及(ji)傳奇(qi),凡有相(xiang)關,靡不備采。如入金谷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)園(yuan),種(zhong)(zhong)色(se)奪目(mu)(mu);如登(deng)龍(long)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宮,寶(bao)(bao)藏悉陳;如對冰壺(hu)玉鑒,毛發(fa)可指數也(ye)(ye)(ye)。博而不繁(fan),詳(xiang)(xiang)而有要,綜核究竟,直窺淵海。茲(zi)豈僅以醫(yi)書覯哉?實性理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精微,格物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《通典(dian)》,帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘 ,臣(chen)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重寶(bao)(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。李君用心(xin)嘉惠何勤哉!噫(yi),碔玉莫剖,朱紫相(xiang)傾,弊也(ye)(ye)(ye)久矣。故辨(bian)專車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨,必俟魯(lu)儒;博支機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石,必訪賣卜(bu)。予(yu)方著《 州卮言(yan)(yan)》,恚博古如《丹鉛卮言(yan)(yan)》后乏(fa)人也(ye)(ye)(ye),何幸睹(du)茲(zi)集哉!茲(zi)集也(ye)(ye)(ye),藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)山(shan)石室無(wu)當,盍鍥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以共天(tian)下(xia)后世味《太玄》如子(zi)云者(zhe)。
時萬歷歲庚寅(yin)春上元日弇州(zhou)山人鳳洲王世貞拜(bai)撰(zhuan)。
進《本草綱目》疏(shu)
湖廣(guang)黃(huang)州府(fu)儒學(xue)增(zeng)廣(guang)生員李(li)建元謹奏,為遵奉(feng)明(ming)例訪書(shu)(shu),進獻《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)》以(yi)(yi)備采擇(ze)事。臣(chen)(chen)伏(fu)讀禮部儀制司勘合一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)款,恭請圣明(ming)敕(chi)儒臣(chen)(chen)開書(shu)(shu)局纂修正史,移文(wen)中外。凡名家(jia)(jia)(jia)著述,有(you)關國家(jia)(jia)(jia)典章,及紀君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)事跡,他(ta)如天(tian)文(wen)、樂律(lv)、醫(yi)術(shu)、方技諸書(shu)(shu),但成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)名言(yan),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)垂于方來者,即訪求解送,以(yi)(yi)備采入《藝文(wen)志》。如已刻(ke)行者,即刷印(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部送部。或其家(jia)(jia)(jia)自(zi)欲(yu)進獻者,聽任(ren)奉(feng)此。臣(chen)(chen)故父(fu)李(li)時(shi)(shi)珍(zhen),原(yuan)任(ren)楚府(fu)奉(feng)祠,奉(feng)敕(chi)進封(feng)文(wen)林郎、四川蓬(peng)溪知縣(xian)。生平篤學(xue),刻(ke)意(yi)纂修。曾著《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部,甫(fu)及刻(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),忽值(zhi)數盡,撰有(you)遺表(biao),令(ling)臣(chen)(chen)代獻。臣(chen)(chen)切(qie)思之(zhi):父(fu)有(you)遺命而(er)(er)子不遵,何以(yi)(yi)承先志;父(fu)有(you)遺書(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)子不獻,何以(yi)(yi)應朝命。矧今(jin)(jin)修史之(zhi)時(shi)(shi),又(you)值(zhi)取書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)會,臣(chen)(chen)不揣谫(jian)陋,不避斧鉞,謹述故父(fu)遺表(biao)。臣(chen)(chen)父(fu)時(shi)(shi)珍(zhen),幼多羸(lei)疾,長成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鈍椎,耽嗜典籍,若啖蔗飴(yi)。考(kao)古證今(jin)(jin),奮發編摩(mo),苦志辨疑(yi)訂誤,留心纂述諸書(shu)(shu)。伏(fu)念(nian)《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu),關系頗重,注解群(qun)氏,謬(miu)誤亦多。行年三(san)十(shi),力(li)肆校讎;歷歲(sui)七旬,功始成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就。野人炙(zhi)背食芹,尚欲(yu)獻之(zhi)天(tian)子;微臣(chen)(chen)采珠聚玉,敢不上之(zhi)明(ming)君(jun)(jun)。昔炎黃(huang)辨百谷(gu),嘗百草(cao)(cao),而(er)(er)分別氣味之(zhi)良毒(du);軒轅師岐伯,遵伯高,而(er)(er)剖析經絡之(zhi)本(ben)標。遂(sui)有(you)《神(shen)農本(ben)草(cao)(cao)》三(san)卷,《藝文(wen)》錄為醫(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)經。
及漢(han)末而(er)李當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始加校(xiao)修,至梁末而(er)陶弘景益以(yi)(yi)注(zhu)釋,古(gu)藥(yao)(yao)三百(bai)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)五種(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)應重卦。唐高宗(zong)命(ming)(ming)司空李 重修,長史(shi)蘇(su)恭表請伏定(ding),增藥(yao)(yao)一(yi)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong)。宋(song)太祖(zu)(zu)命(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)官(guan)劉翰詳(xiang)校(xiao),宋(song)仁宗(zong)再詔(zhao)補注(zhu),增藥(yao)(yao)一(yi)百(bai)種(zhong)(zhong)。召醫(yi)(yi)唐慎微合(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)《證類》,修補眾(zhong)本草五百(bai)種(zhong)(zhong)。自(zi)是人皆指為(wei)(wei)(wei)全書(shu),醫(yi)(yi)則(ze)目(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧(ao)典。夷考其間(jian), 瑕不(bu)(bu)少。有(you)當析而(er)混者(zhe),如(ru)葳蕤、女(nv)葳,二物(wu)而(er)并入一(yi)條(tiao);有(you)當并而(er)析者(zhe),如(ru)南(nan)星、虎掌,一(yi)物(wu)而(er)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)二種(zhong)(zhong)。生姜、薯蕷,菜也(ye)(ye),而(er)列草品;檳榔、龍(long)眼(yan),果(guo)也(ye)(ye),而(er)列木部(bu)。八(ba)谷,生民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)能明辨(bian)其種(zhong)(zhong)類;三菘,日用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔬也(ye)(ye),罔克的(de)別(bie)其名稱。黑豆、赤菽,大(da)小(xiao)同(tong)(tong)條(tiao);硝石、芒硝,水火(huo)混注(zhu)。以(yi)(yi)蘭花為(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭草,卷(juan)丹為(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)合(he)(he),此寇氏(shi)(shi)《衍義》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舛謬(miu);謂黃精即鉤吻(wen),旋花即山(shan)(shan)姜,乃陶氏(shi)(shi)《別(bie)錄》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差訛。酸漿、苦耽,草菜重出,掌氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)審;天(tian)(tian)(tian)花、栝(gua)蔞,兩處圖形,蘇(su)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欠明。五倍子(zi),構蟲窠(ke)也(ye)(ye),而(er)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)木實(shi)(shi);大(da) 草,田(tian)字草也(ye)(ye),而(er)指為(wei)(wei)(wei)浮萍(ping)。似茲(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類,不(bu)(bu)可枚陳,略摘一(yi)二,以(yi)(yi)見(jian)錯誤(wu)。若不(bu)(bu)類分品列,何以(yi)(yi)印定(ding)群疑?臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)揣猥愚,僭肆刪述,重復(fu)者(zhe)芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遺缺者(zhe)補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)磨刀水、潦水、桑柴火(huo)、艾火(huo)、鎖陽、山(shan)(shan)柰、土(tu)茯苓、番木鱉、金柑(gan)、樟腦、蝎虎、狗蠅、白蠟、水蛇(she)、狗寶、秋蟲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類,并今(jin)方(fang)所用,而(er)古(gu)本則(ze)無;三七、地(di)羅、九(jiu)仙子(zi)、蜘蛛香(xiang)、豬腰子(zi)、勾金皮(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類,皆方(fang)物(wu)土(tu)苴,而(er)稗官(guan)不(bu)(bu)載。今(jin)增新藥(yao)(yao),凡(fan)(fan)三百(bai)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong),類析舊(jiu)本,分為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六部(bu)。雖非集成(cheng)(cheng),實(shi)(shi)亦(yi)粗備。有(you)數(shu)名或(huo)散見(jian)各部(bu),總標(biao)正(zheng)(zheng)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),余各附(fu)釋為(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu),正(zheng)(zheng)始也(ye)(ye);次以(yi)(yi)集解、辨(bian)疑、正(zheng)(zheng)誤(wu),詳(xiang)其出產形狀(zhuang)也(ye)(ye);次以(yi)(yi)氣味、主治、附(fu)方(fang),著其體用也(ye)(ye)。上(shang)自(zi)墳(fen)典,下至傳(chuan)奇,凡(fan)(fan)有(you)相關(guan),靡不(bu)(bu)收采,雖命(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)書(shu),實(shi)(shi)該(gai)物(wu)理。我(wo)太祖(zu)(zu)高皇(huang)帝(di)首設(she)(she)醫(yi)(yi)院,重設(she)(she)醫(yi)(yi)學,沛仁心(xin)仁術于(yu)九(jiu)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中;世宗(zong)肅皇(huang)帝(di)既刻《醫(yi)(yi)方(fang)選要》,又刻《衛生易簡》,藹仁政(zheng)仁聲于(yu)率土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠。伏愿皇(huang)帝(di)陛下體道守成(cheng)(cheng),遵祖(zu)(zu)繼志;當離明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)位,司考文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)權(quan)。留(liu)情民(min)(min)瘼,再修司命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu);特詔(zhao)良(liang)臣(chen),著成(cheng)(cheng)昭(zhao)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典。治身以(yi)(yi)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)下,書(shu)當與日月爭光;壽(shou)(shou)國以(yi)(yi)壽(shou)(shou)萬民(min)(min),臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)與草木同(tong)(tong)朽。臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)冀望屏營之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至。臣(chen)建元為(wei)(wei)(wei)此一(yi)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚,上(shang)干九(jiu)重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)覽,或(huo)準行(xing)禮部(bu)轉發史(shi)館采擇,或(huo)行(xing)醫(yi)(yi)院重修,父子(zi)銜恩,存歿均戴。臣(chen)無任瞻天(tian)(tian)(tian)仰圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至。
章節目錄
第一卷 序例
第二卷 序例
第三卷 百(bai)病主治藥(yao)
第四卷 百病主(zhu)治藥
第五卷 水部
第六卷 火部
第七卷 土部
第八卷 金石部
第九卷 金石部
第十卷 金石部
第(di)十一卷 金(jin)石部
第十二卷 草部
第十三卷 草部
第十四卷 草部
第十五卷 草部
第十六卷 草部
第十七卷 草部
第十八卷 草部
第十九卷 草部
第二十卷 草部
第二十一(yi)卷 草部
第(di)二十二卷 谷部(bu)
第二(er)十三(san)卷 谷(gu)部
第二十四卷(juan) 谷部(bu)
第二十五卷 谷部
第(di)二十六卷 菜部(bu)
第二十七卷 菜部(bu)
第二十八卷(juan) 菜(cai)部
第二十九卷 果部
第三十卷 果部
第三十一卷 果部
第三十二(er)卷 果部
第(di)三十(shi)三卷 果部
第三十四(si)卷 木部(bu)
第(di)三(san)十五卷 木部
第三十(shi)六(liu)卷 木部
第三(san)十七卷 木(mu)部
第三十八卷 服器部
第三(san)十(shi)九卷 蟲部
第四十卷 蟲部
第四(si)十(shi)一卷 蟲部
第四(si)十二卷 蟲部
第四十三卷(juan) 鱗部
第四(si)十四(si)卷 鱗部
第(di)四(si)十五卷 介(jie)部
第四十六卷 介部
第(di)四十七卷(juan) 禽部
第四(si)十(shi)八卷 禽部
第(di)四十九卷 禽部
第五十卷 獸部
第(di)五十(shi)一卷 獸(shou)部
第五(wu)十二卷(juan) 人部
內容簡介
全(quan)(quan)書(shu)首列(lie)(lie)總(zong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、凡(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)、附(fu)圖(tu)。卷(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)二(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)序例(li)(li)(li),主(zhu)要介紹歷(li)(li)代(dai)諸(zhu)家本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)及(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)內容。首先(xian)(xian)列(lie)(lie)舉(ju)《神(shen)農(nong)(nong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)經》、《名(ming)(ming)(ming)醫別(bie)(bie)錄》、《雷公炮炙(zhi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》、《唐(tang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)著作(zuo),并(bing)加簡要評介,基(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)反(fan)映出明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)概況;另又附(fu)列(lie)(lie)引用(yong)(yong)(yong)醫書(shu)二(er)百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),經史(shi)百(bai)家書(shu)籍(ji)四百(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),共計七(qi)(qi)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。通過(guo)引述(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)人(ren)專(zhuan)(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)如(ru)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經名(ming)(ming)(ming)例(li)(li)(li)、陶隱(yin)居(ju)名(ming)(ming)(ming)醫別(bie)(bie)錄合(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑法(fa)(fa)則(ze)、采(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)六(liu)(liu)氣(qi)(qi)歲物(wu)(wu)(wu)、七(qi)(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)劑、五(wu)味宜忌、五(wu)味偏(pian)勝、標本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)陰陽、升降浮沉、臟腑虛實標本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)式、引經報使、相(xiang)須相(xiang)使相(xiang)畏相(xiang)惡(e)諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、相(xiang)反(fan)諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、服藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)食忌、妊娠禁忌、飲(yin)食禁忌、李東垣隨證用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)、張子(zi)和(he)汗吐(tu)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)、陳藏器(qi)諸(zhu)虛用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)獲得系統整理。卷(juan)三(san)卷(juan)四為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)病(bing)(bing)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi),大致(zhi)沿(yan)襲宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)“諸(zhu)病(bing)(bing)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”舊例(li)(li)(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)風(feng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)證為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),分(fen)(fen)列(lie)(lie)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu),或于病(bing)(bing)證下(xia)再分(fen)(fen)若干證,類(lei)(lei)(lei)列(lie)(lie)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa),復(fu)設草(cao)(cao)部(bu)、菜部(bu)、果(guo)木等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)綱(gang),并(bing)詳其主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi),編次(ci)有(you)序,便(bian)于臨證參考(kao)。卷(juan)五(wu)至卷(juan)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)各論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun),總(zong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)原(yuan)稱(cheng)載藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千八百(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),經實核為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千八百(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。各論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)均以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“部(bu)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“類(lei)(lei)(lei)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei),分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)、火、土、金石、草(cao)(cao)、谷、菜、果(guo)、木、服器(qi)、蟲、鱗(lin)、介、禽、獸、人(ren)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)部(bu),每(mei)部(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)均有(you)簡要論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)(shu)。各部(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)再分(fen)(fen)若干類(lei)(lei)(lei),如(ru)草(cao)(cao)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山草(cao)(cao)、芳草(cao)(cao)、隰草(cao)(cao)、毒(du)(du)草(cao)(cao)、蔓草(cao)(cao)、水(shui)草(cao)(cao)、石草(cao)(cao)、苔(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、雜草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei),凡(fan)(fan)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。每(mei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)均標注(zhu)首載文(wen)獻出處,若有(you)歸類(lei)(lei)(lei)變(bian)更或并(bing)入某藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),則(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)校正說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming);下(xia)設釋(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)、集解、辨(bian)(bian)題或正誤(wu)、修治(zhi)(zhi)、氣(qi)(qi)味、主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)、發(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、附(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)欄目(mu)(mu)(mu)解說(shuo)。“釋(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”下(xia)列(lie)(lie)舉(ju)別(bie)(bie)名(ming)(ming)(ming),并(bing)釋(shi)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)意義;“集解”介紹產地、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、形(xing)(xing)態、采(cai)收等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng);“辨(bian)(bian)疑(yi)正誤(wu)”對(dui)(dui)(dui)歷(li)(li)代(dai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)有(you)疑(yi)誤(wu)者(zhe)予以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)(bian)正;“修治(zhi)(zhi)”闡(chan)(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)炮制方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa);“氣(qi)(qi)味”闡(chan)(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)性(xing)味及(ji)(ji)有(you)毒(du)(du)無(wu)毒(du)(du);“主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)”包括(kuo)(kuo)功(gong)效(xiao);“發(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”側(ce)重闡(chan)(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要點及(ji)(ji)李氏(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術見(jian)解;“附(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”廣錄以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)該(gai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)各科病(bing)(bing)證的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)慎(shen)微《經史(shi)證類(lei)(lei)(lei)備急(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)》基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)大量整理、補(bu)充(chong),并(bing)載述(shu)(shu)(shu)李氏(shi)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術見(jian)解。其主(zhu)要成就(jiu)包括(kuo)(kuo):集我國16世紀前(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)大成,該(gai)書(shu)首先(xian)(xian)介紹歷(li)(li)代(dai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)所載藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu),又首次(ci)載入民間和(he)外用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)三(san)百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)三(san)七(qi)(qi)、半邊蓮、醉魚草(cao)(cao)、大風(feng)子(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),并(bing)附(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬一(yi)(yi)(yi)千零(ling)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)則(ze)。顯示(shi)當(dang)時最先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)法(fa)(fa),除列(lie)(lie)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)”外,還包括(kuo)(kuo)每(mei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“標名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),列(lie)(lie)事(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)”,即每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)列(lie)(lie)釋(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)、集解等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)項,如(ru)“標龍(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),而齒、角、骨(gu)、腦(nao)、胎、涎(xian)皆列(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)”;又有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),而不同(tong)部(bu)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,從無(wu)機到(dao)有(you)機,從低(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)到(dao)高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),基(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)符合(he)進(jin)(jin)化(hua)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)觀點。全(quan)(quan)面闡(chan)(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)所載藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)知(zhi)識(shi),對(dui)(dui)(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)設立若干專(zhuan)(zhuan)項,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)介紹藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、歷(li)(li)史(shi)、形(xing)(xing)態、鑒別(bie)(bie)、采(cai)集、加工,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)、功(gong)效(xiao)、主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)、組方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng);同(tong)時引述(shu)(shu)(shu)自《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經》迄元(yuan)(yuan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)時期各家學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo),內容豐(feng)富而有(you)系統。對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)有(you)所發(fa)(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)強調對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應該(gai)辨(bian)(bian)證應用(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)藜蘆(lu)(lu)條下(xia)稱(cheng)“吐(tu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不一(yi)(yi)(yi),常山吐(tu)瘧痰,瓜丁吐(tu)熱(re)痰,烏附(fu)尖吐(tu)濕痰,萊菔(fu)子(zi)吐(tu)氣(qi)(qi)痰,藜蘆(lu)(lu)則(ze)吐(tu)風(feng)痰者(zhe)也(ye)”。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦有(you)前(qian)(qian)(qian)人(ren)所未論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)及(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)言和(he)精辟(pi)理論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun),如(ru)辛夷條下(xia)有(you)“腦(nao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)府”之(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun),橘皮條下(xia)稱(cheng)“脾(pi)乃元(yuan)(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu),肺乃攝(she)氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)龠”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)過(guo)去本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)籍(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)誤(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe),如(ru)葳(wei)蕤(rui)與(yu)(yu)女(nv)萎;一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)而誤(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),如(ru)天南星與(yu)(yu)虎掌;品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)混淆不清(qing)(qing)者(zhe),如(ru)百(bai)合(he)與(yu)(yu)卷(juan)丹;藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)位(wei)失真者(zhe),如(ru)五(wu)倍(bei)子(zi)誤(wu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)果(guo)實;藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)歸類(lei)(lei)(lei)不當(dang)者(zhe),如(ru)將薯(shu)蕷列(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)草(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),均予以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)澄清(qing)(qing)更正。書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)妄圖(tu)長生不老,服食丹石成風(feng)現象進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)批(pi)判(pan),對(dui)(dui)(dui)黃連(lian)、澤瀉服之(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成仙,草(cao)(cao)子(zi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)變(bian)魚等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)說(shuo),亦作(zuo)了(le)(le)駁(bo)斥。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)書(shu),但涉及(ji)(ji)范圍廣泛(fan),對(dui)(dui)(dui)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)內容亦有(you)很多記載。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面對(dui)(dui)(dui)石油的(de)(de)(de)產地、性(xing)狀(zhuang)作(zuo)了(le)(le)詳細記述(shu)(shu)(shu);在(zai)(zai)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,闡(chan)(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)檢驗石膽真偽的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa);在(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,從空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)濕度變(bian)化(hua),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)推測雨量的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao);在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,闡(chan)(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)接(jie)技術,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)改良果(guo)樹品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)探索與(yu)(yu)考(kao)證,闡(chan)(chan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)某些漢字的(de)(de)(de)字形(xing)(xing)、讀音;也(ye)載述(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些少數(shu)民族和(he)其他國家藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)讀音和(he)含義。還記載契丹族用(yong)(yong)(yong)羊皮、羊骨(gu)占卜和(he)寫字,吐(tu)番人(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)燕(yan)脂(zhi)化(hua)妝等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)習俗,蒙(meng)古族裹于牛皮內治(zhi)(zhi)療外傷方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)保存了(le)(le)16世紀以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)大量文(wen)獻資料,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)書(shu)已佚失,有(you)關資料可從本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)窺見(jian)。
影響評價
本(ben)(ben)書(shu)刊行后(hou),促進(jin)了本(ben)(ben)草(cao)學(xue)的(de)(de)進(jin)一步發展(zhan),倪朱謨的(de)(de)《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)匯言》、趙學(xue)敏的(de)(de)《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)綱目拾遺(yi)》、黃(huang)宮(gong)繡的(de)(de)《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)求真》等,均是在其學(xue)說(shuo)啟示下而(er)著(zhu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)草(cao)典(dian)籍。達爾文(wen)(Chrles Robert Darwin)在其著(zhu)作中(zhong)亦多次引(yin)用(yong)本(ben)(ben)書(shu)的(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao),并稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“古代中(zhong)國(guo)百科全(quan)書(shu)”。英國(guo)李約瑟( Joseph Needham)稱(cheng)贊(zan)李時珍為(wei)“藥物學(xue)界(jie)中(zhong)之(zhi)王子”。本(ben)(ben)書(shu)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)草(cao)學(xue)集大(da)成(cheng)之(zhi)作。刊行后(hou),很快流傳(chuan)到朝鮮、日本(ben)(ben)等國(guo),后(hou)又先(xian)后(hou)被譯(yi)成(cheng)日、朝、拉丁、英、法(fa)、德、俄等文(wen)字。