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一.產品介紹

汝陽(yang)杜(du)仲是河南省洛陽(yang)市汝陽(yang)縣(xian)的特(te)產。汝陽(yang)杜(du)仲具補(bu)肝腎、強筋骨、降血(xue)壓、安胎等諸多功(gong)效。2000年汝陽(yang)縣(xian)被中國(guo)經濟林協會命名為“全(quan)國(guo)杜(du)仲之鄉(xiang)”。

河(he)南汝陽地(di)處(chu)豫西山區，全(quan)縣(xian)總面積199.7萬(wan)畝，其中(zhong)：林(lin)業(ye)用地(di)面積111.3萬(wan)畝，全(quan)縣(xian)森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)51.5%，汝陽縣(xian)屬暖溫帶落葉闊(kuo)葉林(lin)帶，地(di)形復雜，氣候(hou)差異(yi)大，林(lin)業(ye)資源豐(feng)富，植物種(zhong)類繁多，其優越的自(zi)然條件十分有利于杜仲的生長(chang)發育。

新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，汝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)經(jing)歷了大(da)落大(da)起的(de)(de)變化，1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)，汝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)合(he)抱粗的(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹到處洛陽(yang)(yang)(yang)林(lin)(lin)源杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)有限公司獲譽(yu)眾(zhong)多可(ke)見，1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)大(da)煉鋼(gang)鐵運動(dong)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幾(ji)乎被(bei)毀殆盡(jin)。在20世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)改(gai)革開(kai)(kai)放的(de)(de)不斷深入，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥用及(ji)民用需求日益增(zeng)大(da)，汝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)及(ji)時提(ti)出了大(da)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)可(ke)行性規劃，并于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)元(yuan)月向河南省林(lin)(lin)業廳提(ti)交(jiao)了“建立十(shi)萬畝杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)”的(de)(de)可(ke)行性報告，1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)河南省林(lin)(lin)業廳批準汝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)被(bei)林(lin)(lin)業部批準為(wei)(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)(guo)家計委和林(lin)(lin)業部聯(lian)合(he)確定汝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家以工代(dai)賑林(lin)(lin)業扶貧(pin)示范項目，從(cong)而使(shi)汝陽(yang)(yang)(yang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)建設又(you)上了一個(ge)新(xin)(xin)臺階(jie)。目前(qian)，全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)已發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)21.5萬畝，占全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)總面積36.8萬畝的(de)(de)58.4%，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮、葉及(ji)系列(lie)產(chan)(chan)品年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量達1560萬公斤，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總產(chan)(chan)值1.2億(yi)元(yuan)，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)協會命名為(wei)(wei)“全國(guo)(guo)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之鄉”。

龍翁(weng)詩杜仲(zhong)保健茶功效顯著 杜仲(zhong)發展(zhan)伊(yi)始(shi)，汝(ru)陽縣委、縣政府就明確提出了(le)“規模發展(zhan)、集(ji)約經營(ying)、整體效益、長久優勢”的發展(zhan)思(si)(si)路，堅持一手(shou)抓(zhua)資源(yuan)(yuan)培(pei)育，一手(shou)抓(zhua)資源(yuan)(yuan)保護，造、管并重的方針。圍繞這一思(si)(si)路，制定了(le)杜仲(zhong)基(ji)地(di)建設發展(zhan)總(zong)體規劃，并提交縣人大審議通(tong)過，使杜仲(zhong)基(ji)地(di)納入法(fa)制化軌道。

為提(ti)高杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科技(ji)含量，在(zai)基地建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，成立杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)課題研究(jiu)小組，對杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)育苗技(ji)術、剝皮再(zai)生利用、杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)種質資(zi)源進行了調(diao)查研究(jiu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，調(diao)查了全國11個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)、市(shi)、區，收集品(pin)(pin)種及(ji)變種28個(ge)(ge)，從中篩選出(chu)優良品(pin)(pin)種13個(ge)(ge)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)粉(fen)作(zuo)為飼料添(tian)加劑喂雞，其(qi)中華仲(zhong)(zhong)1－5號杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)優良系(xi)(xi)，已被國家納入“星火計劃”項目(mu)。“杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)種質及(ji)剝皮技(ji)術研究(jiu)”課題獲河(he)南省(sheng)人(ren)民政府(fu)科技(ji)進步三等獎(jiang)，河(he)南省(sheng)林業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)進步二等獎(jiang)。 隨著杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)和皮、葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐年(nian)增(zeng)加，汝陽(yang)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府(fu)按照產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，把廉價出(chu)售(shou)皮、葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)轉向(xiang)以(yi)加工(gong)(gong)增(zeng)值為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工(gong)(gong)上(shang)來(lai)，使林業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)延(yan)伸，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)與林業(ye)(ye)配套，走出(chu)一條“山上(shang)建(jian)基地，山下辦工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)，山外拓市(shi)場，科技(ji)創(chuang)高效”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)開(kai)發路子，自(zi)1990年(nian)以(yi)來(lai)，先后建(jian)成洛(luo)陽(yang)市(shi)“天然綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)有限(xian)公司、洛(luo)陽(yang)樹仁公司、洛(luo)陽(yang)市(shi)林源杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)發有限(xian)公司、北京山里紅杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)飲品(pin)(pin)有限(xian)公司”，研制開(kai)發出(chu)具有穩壓(ya)、健體、強身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口服液系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)健茶、飲品(pin)(pin)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，從根本上(shang)解(jie)決(jue)了我縣(xian)發展(zhan)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后顧(gu)之憂，為杜(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)再(zai)上(shang)新(xin)(xin)臺(tai)階注入了新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活力。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況(kuang) 包括土(tu)(tu)壤類型、pH值、土(tu)(tu)壤肥力狀況(kuang)和(he)地形地貌等(deng)典(dian)型特(te)征。 汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)杜仲主要分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)南部山區(qu)(qu)，屬秦嶺余脈、外(wai)方山區(qu)(qu)，土(tu)(tu)壤類型主要是褐土(tu)(tu)，其(qi)次是石質土(tu)(tu)和(he)粗(cu)骨土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚度多(duo)(duo)數在(zai)(zai)(zai)80cm以上。PH值7.1～8.1之間，有(you)機質含(han)(han)量11.1～31.3g/kg，全氮含(han)(han)量為0.54～2.75g/kg,有(you)效磷含(han)(han)量12.5～33.4g/kg,速效鉀(jia)含(han)(han)量71～378mg/kg，富含(han)(han)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)微(wei)量元素(su)，土(tu)(tu)壤相對疏(shu)松(song)。森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率88%。環境優(you)良(liang)，零工業，無污染。海拔在(zai)(zai)(zai)1000～1600m。 2.2水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang) 包括水(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)源和(he)水(shui)(shui)質情(qing)況(kuang)及影(ying)響因(yin)子。 保護區(qu)(qu)境內流(liu)域(yu)面積分(fen)屬黃、淮兩大(da)流(liu)域(yu)，地下水(shui)(shui)蘊藏豐(feng)富，充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資源為汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)香(xiang)菇提供了良(liang)好的(de)灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)。 2.3氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang) 包括季(ji)(ji)風、溫(wen)度、濕(shi)度、日(ri)照(zhao)和(he)降水(shui)(shui)等(deng)特(te)殊(shu)氣(qi)(qi)候因(yin)子。 汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣地處(chu)東亞中緯(wei)度地帶，屬暖溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕(shi)潤季(ji)(ji)風區(qu)(qu)大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候 。其(qi)特(te)點：光照(zhao)充足，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)，四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明。年(nian)平均≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃，年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃，年(nian)平均降水(shui)(shui)量673.1mm，無霜(shuang)期213天左右；年(nian)平均日(ri)照(zhao)時數為2164小(xiao)時。冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷少雨(yu)雪，春季(ji)(ji)干旱(han)多(duo)(duo)風，夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)，秋季(ji)(ji)天高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽(shuang)，晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)。

三.地域范圍

汝陽(yang)杜(du)仲地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍(wei)為河(he)南省洛陽(yang)市汝陽(yang)縣境(jing)內，涉及城關鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上店鎮(zhen)(zhen)、柏樹鄉(xiang)、十八(ba)盤(pan)鄉(xiang)、付(fu)店鎮(zhen)(zhen)、靳村(cun)鄉(xiang)、三(san)屯(tun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、劉店鎮(zhen)(zhen)、王坪(ping)鄉(xiang)、蔡店鄉(xiang)共10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。汝陽(yang)杜(du)仲保(bao)護范圍(wei)地(di)理坐標為東經112°8′—112 °38′，北緯(wei)33°49′—34°21′之(zhi)間，生產(chan)規模1.67萬(wan)公(gong)頃，年產(chan)量 3萬(wan)噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外(wai)在感(gan)官特征 是(shi)指(zhi)通過人的(de)(de)感(gan)官（視(shi)覺(jue)、味(wei)覺(jue)、嗅覺(jue)、觸(chu)覺(jue)等(deng)）能(neng)夠感(gan)知(zhi)、感(gan)受到的(de)(de)特殊(shu)品質(zhi)(zhi)及風味(wei)特征。 汝陽杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)干葉呈暗(an)綠色(se)或褐色(se)，葉片厚實，斷(duan)面有(you)(you)均勻橡膠絲(si)，銀白色(se)，富(fu)彈性(xing)。杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)皮為扁平(ping)的(de)(de)板片狀或兩(liang)邊稍向內(nei)(nei)(nei)卷的(de)(de)塊片，少數為微曲薄片，厚約2～7mm。杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)表面淺棕色(se)或灰褐色(se)，未刮凈粗皮者可(ke)見縱溝或裂紋，具斜方形(xing)橫裂皮孔(kong)，厚者具縱槽(cao)狀皮孔(kong)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)皮呈暗(an)紫(zi)褐色(se)，斷(duan)面橡膠絲(si)多而(er)密。味(wei)苦，嚼之始有(you)(you)顆(ke)粒感(gan)，后有(you)(you)棉花感(gan)。種子扁平(ping)，線形(xing)，長1.4～1.5㎝，寬(kuan)3 mm，兩(liang)端圓形(xing)，堅果位(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)央，稍突起。 4.2內(nei)(nei)(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)特征 是(shi)指(zhi)需(xu)要通過儀器檢(jian)(jian)測的(de)(de)可(ke)量(liang)化的(de)(de)獨特理化指(zhi)標(biao)。 根據農業(ye)部農產(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監督檢(jian)(jian)驗測試(shi)中(zhong)心（鄭州(zhou)）檢(jian)(jian)測結果顯示，汝陽杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)：綠原酸8.10～9.90g/kg。 4.3安全要求 明(ming)確登記(ji)產(chan)品市場準入所(suo)遵循的(de)(de)國(guo)家強制性(xing)技術規(gui)范名稱(cheng)、具體內(nei)(nei)(nei)容和相(xiang)關法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)規(gui)定。嚴格按照《中(zhong)藥材生產(chan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管理規(gui)范（GAP）》標(biao)準進行(xing)，禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用未依法(fa)登記(ji)和國(guo)家明(ming)令(ling)禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用的(de)(de)農業(ye)投入品，推行(xing)標(biao)準化生產(chan)，切實保障(zhang)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松、富含有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)透氣(qi)良好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)酸性(xing)至(zhi)微(wei)堿性(xing)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)陽緩坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，周邊環(huan)(huan)境不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有(you)污(wu)(wu)染源(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)準使(shi)用工(gong)(gong)業廢棄物(wu)，城市垃圾和(he)(he)(he)污(wu)(wu)泥(ni)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得使(shi)用未經發(fa)酵(jiao)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人畜(chu)糞便等(deng)(deng)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境。 3.2 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)汝(ru)陽野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馴(xun)化品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)特征是：根(gen)莖短(duan)粗，根(gen)數條(tiao)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓柱(zhu)狀，略彎曲，長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)20cm(有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)達33cm),直經0.3～1.5cm。新(xin)根(gen)表面(mian)紅棕(zong)(zong)色(se)，粗糙，具縱(zong)橫紋。老根(gen)外皮(pi)(pi)疏(shu)松，多(duo)顯紫棕(zong)(zong)色(se)，斷面(mian)疏(shu)松，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硬而(er)脆，有(you)裂隙或(huo)略平(ping)(ping)整而(er)致密(mi)，皮(pi)(pi)部(bu)棕(zong)(zong)紅色(se)，氣(qi)微(wei)，味微(wei)苦澀。 3.3 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管理(li) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程包括(kuo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)、育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)、整地(di)(di)(di)(di)、移(yi)栽(zai)、大(da)田(tian)管理(li)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治、采(cai)收加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)步驟。 3.3.1 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li) 杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞受多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上多(duo)根(gen)據(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀特征進行鑒別(bie)。合(he)格種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)翌年(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)芽率(lv)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)50％以上，如采(cai)取(qu)(qu)低溫或(huo)密(mi)封保存，優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)發(fa)芽率(lv)可(ke)達90％以上。汝(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)新(xin)鮮，有(you)光(guang)澤，棕(zong)(zong)黃至(zhi)棕(zong)(zong)褐色(se)；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁處(chu)(chu)(chu)突出(chu)明(ming)顯，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁充實(shi)、飽滿，剝(bo)(bo)出(chu)胚(pei)乳為(wei)(wei)米黃色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，放入60℃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)浸泡，自然降溫，保持20℃，浸泡2～3d，當種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)膨(peng)脹，果皮(pi)(pi)軟化后(hou)(hou)取(qu)(qu)出(chu)，控(kong)凈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)待播(bo)。 3.3.2育(yu)苗(miao)(miao) 3.3.2.1 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建立 育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)濕潤、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緩坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di),秋(qiu)季(ji)深(shen)翻(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei),然后(hou)(hou)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)并進行土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)消毒。山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)走勢(shi),床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)寬1.2～1.5m,便于(yu)(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)業,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)而(er)定,一(yi)般(ban)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)3～5m。平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)做(zuo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)應(ying)挖(wa)深(shen)25～30cm、寬1.0～1.2m、長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)形而(er)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)畦(qi)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)。 3.3.2.2 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 將(jiang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)拌(ban)入草(cao)(cao)(cao)木(mu)灰(hui)和(he)(he)(he)干(gan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用條(tiao)播(bo)(壟式),行距20～25cm,株距10cm,深(shen)度(du)(du)2～3cm,覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚1～2cm,厚薄要(yao)均(jun)勻(yun)。每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量4～5kg，播(bo)后(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。上面(mian)覆(fu)蓋雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)樹(shu)(shu)葉(xie),防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa)或(huo)晚(wan)霜為(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai),在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)影響(xiang)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,覆(fu)蓋物(wu)可(ke)留于(yu)(yu)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)面(mian)。 3.3.2.3 苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)管理(li)。一(yi)是間苗(miao)(miao)，剔除過(guo)密(mi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)幼苗(miao)(miao)，拔除雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)。根(gen)據(ju)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)墑情及(ji)(ji)時澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.3 整地(di)(di)(di)(di) 于(yu)(yu)當年(nian)春(chun)季(ji)2月下旬(xun)～3月上旬(xun)進行。每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)3m3，或(huo)100 kg三元復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。深(shen)翻(fan)25～30cm。作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)寬1.5～2m，利(li)于(yu)(yu)灌(guan)溉。 3.3.4移(yi)栽(zai) 汝(ru)陽杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移(yi)栽(zai)在(zai)(zai)春(chun)天(tian)進行，移(yi)栽(zai)要(yao)全面(mian)翻(fan)耕，挖(wa)直徑約(yue)(yue)70cm，深(shen)70cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)坑，坑內施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，且與(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)混合(he)均(jun)勻(yun)，每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量1000～1500kg，株行距1.5m*2m，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)苗(miao)(miao)高100cm左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)無病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)，邊起苗(miao)(miao)邊移(yi)栽(zai)。 3.3.5 大(da)田(tian)管理(li) 3.3.5.1 中(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao)(cao) 移(yi)栽(zai)當年(nian)一(yi)般(ban)中(zhong)耕3到4次(ci)(ci)，結合(he)中(zhong)耕除掉(diao)田(tian)間雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)。 3.3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 每(mei)(mei)年(nian)春(chun)季(ji)萌(meng)芽前(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)(he)(he)秋(qiu)季(ji)落葉(xie)后(hou)(hou)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主，起到促苗(miao)(miao)作(zuo)(zuo)用；第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)三元復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.3.5.3 灌(guan)溉排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)(ci)數應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)氣(qi)候條(tiao)件而(er)定，降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量大(da)約(yue)(yue)600毫升(sheng)，正常年(nian)份可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量小于(yu)(yu)600毫升(sheng)，應(ying)灌(guan)3～4次(ci)(ci)，萌(meng)芽前(qian)(qian)(qian)，新(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)，休眠期(qi)各(ge)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，剝(bo)(bo)皮(pi)(pi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)3～5d灌(guan)溉一(yi)次(ci)(ci)。如遇連(lian)陰雨天(tian)氣(qi)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)出(chu)現積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時，應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.3.5.4 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治 杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)主要(yao)有(you)猝倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、根(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)，猝倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)(he)葉(xie)枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)噴(pen)65%代森鋅可(ke)濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)500～600倍(bei)液，25d噴(pen)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，根(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)用70%甲基托布津可(ke)濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)，挖(wa)寬30～45cm，深(shen)50～70cm環(huan)(huan)狀溝3～5條(tiao)，100～150g/株，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入樹(shu)(shu)冠外圍(wei)。 3.3.5.5 采(cai)收加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong) 杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一(yi)般(ban)當年(nian)就可(ke)以采(cai)葉(xie)利(li)用，采(cai)葉(xie)于(yu)(yu)8～10月進行，晴天(tian)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)成熟(shu)綠葉(xie)采(cai)收，自然曬干(gan)即(ji)可(ke)。杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)10～15年(nian)以上才能開(kai)始剝(bo)(bo)皮(pi)(pi)，剝(bo)(bo)皮(pi)(pi)于(yu)(yu)4～6月進行，用鋸(ju)子(zi)(zi)齊地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)鋸(ju)一(yi)環(huan)(huan)狀口(kou)(kou)，深(shen)達木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)，向(xiang)上80cm處(chu)(chu)(chu)再鋸(ju)第(di)(di)二(er)道環(huan)(huan)狀口(kou)(kou)，在(zai)(zai)2個環(huan)(huan)狀口(kou)(kou)中(zhong)間縱(zong)割(ge)一(yi)切口(kou)(kou)，用竹片刀從縱(zong)割(ge)口(kou)(kou)輕(qing)輕(qing)剝(bo)(bo)邊，使(shi)樹(shu)(shu)皮(pi)(pi)與(yu)木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分離。剝(bo)(bo)下杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)用開(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)燙后(hou)(hou)，層層緊實(shi)重(zhong)疊平(ping)(ping)放在(zai)(zai)麥(mai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)墊底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上，上蓋木(mu)板，加(jia)(jia)重(zhong)物(wu)壓實(shi)，四周用草(cao)(cao)(cao)圍(wei)緊，使(shi)其發(fa)汗，7d左(zuo)右，內皮(pi)(pi)呈暗(an)紫褐色(se)，取(qu)(qu)出(chu)曬干(gan)，刮去粗皮(pi)(pi)即(ji)可(ke)。 3.3.5.6 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄 在(zai)(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)，設專人做(zuo)好(hao)以下記(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)點、農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕作(zuo)(zuo)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、時間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用農(nong)藥(yao)名稱(cheng)、防(fang)(fang)治對象、方(fang)式、時間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用藥(yao)量、產(chan)品(pin)收獲、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)(deng)項目(mu)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)式、數量等(deng)(deng)。