一.產品介紹
當歸(gui)(gui)(gui),(學名:Angelica sinensis,)別名干歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、秦(qin)哪、西當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、岷當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、金當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)身、涵歸(gui)(gui)(gui)尾(wei)、當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)曲、土(tu)當歸(gui)(gui)(gui),多年生草本,高0.4-1米。花期6-7月(yue),果(guo)期7-9月(yue)。
中國(guo)1957年(nian)從歐洲(zhou)引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)歐當歸。主產(chan)甘(gan)肅東南(nan)部,以(yi)岷縣(xian)產(chan)量(liang)多,質量(liang)好,其次為云南(nan)、四川、陜西(xi)、湖北等省(sheng),均為栽(zai)(zai)培。國(guo)內有(you)些省(sheng)區也(ye)已引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)培。
其(qi)根可入藥(yao),是(shi)最常用的中藥(yao)之一。具有補血(xue)和血(xue),調(diao)經止痛(tong),潤(run)燥(zao)滑(hua)腸、抗(kang)癌 、抗(kang)老防老、免疫之功效。
形態特征
多年(nian)生草本(ben),高0.4-1米。根(gen)圓柱(zhu)狀,分枝,有(you)多數肉質須根(gen),黃棕色,有(you)濃(nong)郁香氣。莖直立,綠白色或帶紫(zi)色,有(you)縱深(shen)溝紋,光(guang)滑無毛。
葉
葉三出式二至(zhi)三回(hui)羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)分裂(lie)(lie)(lie),葉柄長(chang)3-11厘(li)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部(bu)膨大(da)成(cheng)管(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)薄(bo)膜(mo)質鞘,紫色或(huo)綠色,基(ji)生(sheng)葉及(ji)莖下(xia)部(bu)葉輪(lun)廓為卵形(xing)(xing),長(chang)8-18厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬15-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),小葉片3對(dui),下(xia)部(bu)的(de)1對(dui)小葉柄長(chang)0.5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),近頂端的(de)1對(dui)無(wu)柄,末回(hui)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片卵形(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬5-15毫米(mi)(mi),2-3淺(qian)裂(lie)(lie)(lie),邊緣有(you)缺(que)刻狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鋸(ju)齒,齒端有(you)尖(jian)頭;葉下(xia)表(biao)面及(ji)邊緣被稀疏的(de)
乳頭狀白色細毛;莖(jing)上部(bu)葉簡化成囊狀的鞘和羽狀分裂的葉片。
花
復傘形花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)梗長4-7厘米,密被細柔(rou)毛(mao);傘輻9-30;總苞(bao)片2,線形,或無(wu);小傘形花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)13-36;小總苞(bao)片2-4,線形;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)白色,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柄密被細柔(rou)毛(mao);萼(e)齒5,卵形;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣長卵形,頂(ding)端狹尖,內折;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱短,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱基圓錐形。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期6-7個月。
果
果(guo)實橢圓至卵形,長4-6毫米,寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-4毫米,背棱線形,隆起,側(ce)棱成寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)而薄的翅(chi),與果(guo)體(ti)等寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)或略寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),翅(chi)邊緣(yuan)淡(dan)紫色,棱槽內有油(you)管1,合(he)生面油(you)管2。果(guo)期7-9月。
生長習性
為低溫長日照作物,宜高寒涼爽氣候,在海拔1500-3000m左右均可栽培。在(zai)低海的地區栽培抽苔率高,不(bu)易越夏。幼苗期喜陰(yin),透光度為(wei)10%,忌烈日直曬;成(cheng)株能耐強光。
宜(yi)土(tu)層深厚、疏(shu)松、排水良(liang)好、肥沃富含腐(fu)殖質的(de)砂質壤土(tu)栽培,不宜(yi)在低(di)洼(wa)積水或者易(yi)板(ban)結的(de)粘(zhan)土(tu)和貧瘠的(de)砂質土(tu)栽種,忌連作。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 地(di)質與地(di)貌 種(zhong)植區地(di)處云貴(gui)高原西(xi)(xi)北部,地(di)勢西(xi)(xi)北高,東南(nan)低,地(di)形(xing)復雜。最(zui)高海(hai)撥3600m,最(zui)低海(hai)拔1800m,平均(jun)(jun)海(hai)拔2800m,適宜種(zhong)植的海(hai)拔為2200m~3600m;土(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)以棕色針(zhen)葉林(lin)土(tu)、暗棕壤(rang)、棕壤(rang),PH值5.0~6.0,土(tu)層深厚,具有夜潮性,自(zi)然肥力較高,有機(ji)質含(han)量豐富;森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率高,生態(tai)環境(jing)良(liang)(liang)好。 2.2水文情況(kuang) 種(zhong)植區的主(zhu)(zhu)要河流是漾弓江,屬金(jin)沙(sha)江水系;漾弓江由北向(xiang)南(nan)貫穿縣境(jing),最(zui)后(hou)流入金(jin)沙(sha)江,水資源豐富,水質良(liang)(liang)好,無污染(ran)。 2.3氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件 種(zhong)植區屬亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),濕(shi)(shi)度大,立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征(zheng)明顯(xian),年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度9.6℃,最(zui)熱(re)月(6月)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)14.2℃,最(zui)冷月(1月)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)1.9℃,年(nian)總積溫(wen)(wen)3255.6℃,無霜期150d,年(nian)降雨量為1267.7㎜,降雨主(zhu)(zhu)要集中在(zai)每年(nian)的6—9月份,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)濕(shi)(shi)度66﹪。冬無嚴寒,夏無酷暑(shu)。年(nian)溫(wen)(wen)度變幅小,日溫(wen)(wen)差較大;干濕(shi)(shi)季分明,有利于馬廠當歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的生長和有效年(nian)份積累,是種(zhong)植的最(zui)佳氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型(xing)。
三.地域范圍
馬廠(chang)當歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels產地位(wei)于(yu)云南(nan)省大理(li)白族自治州(zhou)鶴(he)慶縣境(jing)內,涉及草海(hai)鎮(zhen)、松桂(gui)鎮(zhen)和金墩鄉3個鄉(鎮(zhen));地理(li)坐標為(wei):東經100°03′~100°15′,北(bei)緯26°25′~26°38′之間(jian),東西長(chang)35.28千米,南(nan)北(bei)寬20.64千米,種植面積5000公頃,年產量15000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
馬廠當歸(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels是(shi)一種藥(yao)食兩用的作(zuo)物,植株外表(biao)灰棕(zong)色(se)或(huo)棕(zong)褐色(se),全體具縱皺(zhou)紋,支根(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)尤多,歸(gui)頭頂(ding)端圓(yuan)平,有(you)莖葉(xie)殘基,常有(you)不(bu)顯著皺(zhou)紋,歸(gui)身(shen)略呈圓(yuan)柱形,身(shen)面(mian)凹(ao)凸(tu)不(bu)平,鮮歸(gui)全歸(gui)一般長10—25cm,可分(fen)為3部(bu)(bu)(bu):根(gen)頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)稱“歸(gui)頭”,主根(gen)稱“歸(gui)身(shen)”,支根(gen)及(ji)支根(gen)稍(shao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)稱“歸(gui)尾(wei)”。其下(xia)生有(you)3—5條(tiao)或(huo)更(geng)多的歸(gui)尾(wei),歸(gui)尾(wei)上(shang)粗(cu)下(xia)細,多扭曲,表(biao)面(mian)有(you)小疙瘩(da)狀的須根(gen)痕跡。 4.2內在品質特(te)征 馬廠當歸(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels具有(you)油(you)質重、質地柔韌,斷面(mian)黃白色(se)的特(te)征。氣清(qing)香(xiang)濃厚、味(wei)甘微(wei)苦辛、性溫。其中,阿(a)魏酸(suan)含量≥0.050%,揮發油(you)≥0.4%,水分(fen)含量≤15.0%。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 產地選擇 選擇種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)9.6℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)總積溫(wen)3255.6℃,無(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)150d,海拔在(zai)(zai)(zai)2200~3600m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)寒山區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數不低于(yu)(yu)2071.7h,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量(liang)1267.7mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山區、半山區。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史悠(you)久(jiu),已有(you)(you)100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,經長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)馴化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“紫莖”、“綠莖”良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具有(you)(you)抗逆、抗寒、產量(liang)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)。 3.3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術 3.3.1整(zheng)地 當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)輪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物,選擇前茬為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)稞、馬鈴薯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地塊,切忌(ji)連(lian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。前作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)收獲(huo)后(hou),清除(chu)田間(jian)(jian)雜(za)草,施入腐熟農家肥(fei)(fei)15t/ hm2,理溝(gou)(gou)蓋(gai)墑(di),墑(di)寬(kuan)1.5m,溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)0.16m, 溝(gou)(gou)寬(kuan)0.26m,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)塊打碎、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)混(hun)(hun)勻。 3.3.2適時(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),采(cai)用(yong)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)與(yu)蔓(man)(man)菁(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)混(hun)(hun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)蔓(man)(man)菁(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)比例均(jun)勻撒施于(yu)(yu)墑(di)面,然后(hou)加(jia)蓋(gai)0.5~1㎝細土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),以(yi)蓋(gai)住種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du),再(zai)用(yong)掃帚輕(qing)(qing)拍,使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)緊貼。蓋(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)過(guo)厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)薄(bo), 會(hui)影響當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)率和(he)整(zheng)齊度(du)。 3.3.3除(chu)草松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 蔓(man)(man)菁(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)7~8d出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)15d左右出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)15~20d,間(jian)(jian)去過(guo)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔓(man)(man)菁(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),薅(hao)鋤田間(jian)(jian)雜(za)草,結合鋤草進行(xing)松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。鋤草遵循(xun)“中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)深(shen),兩(liang)頭(tou)淺”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,即(ji)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)子(zi)(zi)幼小和(he)立秋后(hou)都(dou)不宜深(shen)鋤;視(shi)雜(za)草多(duo)少(shao)與(yu)蔓(man)(man)菁(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀密程度(du)不定(ding)(ding)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)3~4次。 3.3.4間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、施肥(fei)(fei)、培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)撒播(bo)(bo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底蔓(man)(man)菁(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)收獲(huo)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)8㎝左右,莖粗(cu)0.2~0.3㎝,在(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)施有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)15t/hm2,并進行(xing)培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),起到(dao)保(bao)溫(wen)、保(bao)濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),使其安全(quan)(quan)過(guo)冬。 翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)氣(qi)溫(wen)回升,當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)開(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),到(dao)4~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)20-25㎝,開(kai)始(shi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),間(jian)(jian)去過(guo)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),薅(hao)鋤雜(za)草,每(mei)㎡留10株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左右,追施尿素180㎏∕hm2,再(zai)培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 3.3.5及(ji)時(shi)拔苔 7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份以(yi)后(hou),及(ji)時(shi)拔除(chu)抽(chou)苔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地俗(su)稱(cheng)“公歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”﹚,因抽(chou)苔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)木質(zhi)化,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柴(chai)根(gen)(gen)(gen),失去藥用(yong)價值(zhi)。 3.3.6病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防治(zhi) 以(yi)預防為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),綜合防治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原則,根(gen)(gen)(gen)據病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律(lv)及(ji)時(shi)防治(zhi)。 主(zhu)要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防治(zhi):病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)根(gen)(gen)(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing),受害(hai)(hai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)尖和(he)幼根(gen)(gen)(gen)呈(cheng)(cheng)水漬狀,隨(sui)后(hou)變黃脫落,主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)呈(cheng)(cheng)銹黃色腐爛。發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)期(qi)挖(wa)(wa)出(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),用(yong)石灰消毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)穴,或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)50%多(duo)菌靈500倍(bei)液灌病(bing)(bing)(bing)區以(yi)防蔓(man)(man)延。 3.4 采(cai)收 3.4.1 采(cai)收時(shi)間(jian)(jian) 次年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)小雪節(jie)令后(hou),適時(shi)人(ren)工(gong)采(cai)收。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枯萎、葉片發(fa)(fa)黃、營(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi)已向根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)轉移(yi),根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)營(ying)養(yang)器官已成(cheng)熟時(shi),即(ji)可(ke)采(cai)挖(wa)(wa)。 3.4.2采(cai)收方法 采(cai)挖(wa)(wa)前,先將(jiang)地上(shang)莖葉割(ge)收,讓太陽(yang)(yang)暴(bao)(bao)曬(shai)3~5d,既有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發(fa)(fa),便于(yu)(yu)采(cai)挖(wa)(wa),又有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累(lei)和(he)轉化,使根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)加(jia)飽滿(man)(man)充實。采(cai)挖(wa)(wa)時(shi)力求根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)完整(zheng)無(wu)(wu)缺,挖(wa)(wa)起后(hou)抖凈泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),揀除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),運(yun)回初(chu)加(jia)工(gong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)投入市(shi)場銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)鮮當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。 3.5初(chu)加(jia)工(gong) 收獲(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)粗(cu)壯者(zhe),剪(jian)去側根(gen)(gen)(gen)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou),把歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)攤(tan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)籬笆(ba)上(shang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)潔凈地面上(shang)自然晾(liang)(liang)曬(shai)。晾(liang)(liang)曬(shai)時(shi)注意(yi)翻動(dong),晚間(jian)(jian)收回,晾(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)通(tong)風(feng)處;剪(jian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)和(he)須根(gen)(gen)(gen)俗(su)稱(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)膀(bang)和(he)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)須,分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)晾(liang)(liang)曬(shai);體形細長(chang)(chang)(chang)者(zhe)或(huo)(huo)(huo)比較瘦小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)保(bao)留,加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)全(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)不能(neng)陰(yin)干(gan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)太陽(yang)(yang)暴(bao)(bao)曬(shai),陰(yin)干(gan)質(zhi)輕(qing)(qing)、皮肉發(fa)(fa)青(qing);太陽(yang)(yang)暴(bao)(bao)曬(shai),皮肉變紅,失去油性,降低品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。晾(liang)(liang)曬(shai)至全(quan)(quan)干(gan)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)品(pin)(pin),可(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)級包裝外(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)入庫貯(zhu)存(cun)。歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)可(ke)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)粉(fen)。 3.6留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 選出(chu)(chu)主(zhu)莖獨(du)立,側枝(zhi)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),于(yu)(yu)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)集中(zhong)移(yi)栽在(zai)(zai)(zai)選好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 地段上(shang),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong),翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)開(kai)始(shi)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)開(kai)花,9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)成(cheng)熟。將(jiang)摘下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果穗(sui)扎成(cheng)小把,懸掛于(yu)(yu)室內通(tong)風(feng)、干(gan)燥、無(wu)(wu)煙處,使其充分(fen)(fen)(fen)干(gan)燥,除(chu)凈雜(za)質(zhi),密封貯(zhu)存(cun)于(yu)(yu)干(gan)燥涼爽處,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)使用(yong)。選留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)要求成(cheng)熟度(du)高(gao)、籽(zi)粒飽滿(man)(man)充實;直播(bo)(bo)栽培時(shi),出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)早、發(fa)(fa)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)旺,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)迅速,是獲(huo)得(de)高(gao)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因素。 3.7生(sheng)(sheng)產記錄 馬廠當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程建立生(sheng)(sheng)產記錄檔案,對生(sheng)(sheng)產情(qing)況,病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況,農藥肥(fei)(fei)料使用(yong)情(qing)況,采(cai)收加(jia)工(gong)運(yun)輸情(qing)況進行(xing)全(quan)(quan)面記錄并妥善保(bao)存(cun),以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
嚴格遵守《農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用規范》,實行公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識與地(di)域產品(pin)名稱相結合的使(shi)(shi)用制度。在(zai)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)域范圍內的地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)農(nong)產品(pin)生(sheng)產經(jing)營者,在(zai)產品(pin)或包裝上(shang)使(shi)(shi)用已獲(huo)登記(ji)保(bao)護(hu)的農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向(xiang)登記(ji)證書持有人提(ti)出申請,簽定標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用協議,并按(an)照相關要求(qiu)規范生(sheng)產和使(shi)(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),統一采用產品(pin)名稱和農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識相結合的標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。