河北(bei)承德丹(dan)霞(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)國家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)質公園(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)承德市周邊，行政區(qu)(qu)劃屬于(yu)雙橋(qiao)區(qu)(qu)、雙灤(luan)區(qu)(qu)及承德縣。公園(yuan)(yuan)分為磬錘峰、雙塔(ta)(ta)山(shan)(shan)、雞(ji)冠山(shan)(shan)三個(ge)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)，磬錘峰、夾(jia)墻溝、朝陽洞、唐家(jia)灣、雙塔(ta)(ta)山(shan)(shan)、雞(ji)冠山(shan)(shan)六個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)，總面(mian)積48.76 km2，核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積24.03 km2。是一(yi)座以丹(dan)霞(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)為主，以清代皇(huang)家(jia)園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)觀(guan)和(he)熱(re)河古生(sheng)物群景(jing)觀(guan)為輔(fu)，集(ji)自然、生(sheng)態(tai)、人文于(yu)一(yi)體(ti)的綜合性(xing)地(di)(di)(di)質公園(yuan)(yuan)。承德丹(dan)霞(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)具有極好的代表(biao)性(xing)，反(fan)映了(le)丹(dan)霞(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)整個(ge)發(fa)育演(yan)化進(jin)程，是研究華北(bei)丹(dan)霞(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)形成、發(fa)展和(he)演(yan)化的最(zui)佳場所。
地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡的(de)(de)(de)保護和利用是地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)建設與(yu)發展的(de)(de)(de)核心。河北(bei)省承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)德丹(dan)(dan)霞(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)國(guo)家地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)是以丹(dan)(dan)霞(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)景觀(guan)(guan)為主，集地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造、古生(sheng)物、河流、熱泉(quan)景觀(guan)(guan)為一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)性地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。漫長的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)演化及承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)德盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造和自(zi)然地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理位置使公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡類型(xing)多樣(yang)、發育(yu)典(dian)型(xing)，多重(zhong)要(yao)構(gou)造、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)及地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層記錄。丹(dan)(dan)霞(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)是由(you)中國(guo)學(xue)者提(ti)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種獨立地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)類型(xing)，公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)以承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)德礫巖為主要(yao)構(gou)景層的(de)(de)(de)丹(dan)(dan)霞(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)演化階段(duan)完(wan)整(zheng)，露頭規(gui)模較大(da)，形(xing)態多樣(yang)奇(qi)特，在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)北(bei)方罕見(jian)且較典(dian)型(xing)，在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)、科普教育(yu)方面有著重(zhong)要(yao)科學(xue)內(nei)涵。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)建立及園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)丹(dan)(dan)霞(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)區特有小環境形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)溝谷效應(ying)為生(sheng)態研(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)保護提(ti)供(gong)了條件。同時，研(yan)究(jiu)區內(nei)眾多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡所(suo)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然景觀(guan)(guan)極具(ju)觀(guan)(guan)賞與(yu)美學(xue)價(jia)值，對承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)德旅游開發與(yu)規(gui)劃獨具(ju)意義。
丹(dan)霞地(di)(di)(di)貌發(fa)育始(shi)于第三紀晚期的(de)喜(xi)馬拉雅(ya)造山運動。這次運動使部分紅色地(di)(di)(di)層發(fa)生傾斜(xie)和(he)舒(shu)緩褶曲，并使紅色盆地(di)(di)(di)抬(tai)升，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)外流區(qu)。流水向盆地(di)(di)(di)中部低洼處集中，沿巖(yan)層垂直節理進(jin)行侵蝕，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)兩壁(bi)直立(li)的(de)深溝，稱為巷(xiang)谷(gu)。巷(xiang)谷(gu)崖麓(lu)的(de)崩(beng)積物在流水不(bu)(bu)能全部搬走(zou)時，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)坡度較(jiao)緩的(de)崩(beng)積錐(zhui)。隨(sui)著(zhu)溝壁(bi)的(de)崩(beng)塌后退(tui)，崩(beng)積錐(zhui)不(bu)(bu)斷向上(shang)增長，覆(fu)蓋(gai)基巖(yan)面(mian)的(de)范(fan)(fan)圍也(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷擴大，崩(beng)積錐(zhui)下部基巖(yan)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個和(he)崩(beng)積錐(zhui)傾斜(xie)方向一(yi)致的(de)緩坡。崖面(mian)的(de)崩(beng)塌后退(tui)還使山頂面(mian)范(fan)(fan)圍逐漸縮(suo)小(xiao)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)堡狀殘峰、石(shi)(shi)墻或石(shi)(shi)柱等地(di)(di)(di)貌。隨(sui)著(zhu)進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)侵蝕，殘峰、石(shi)(shi)墻和(he)石(shi)(shi)柱也(ye)將消失，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)緩坡丘(qiu)陵。在紅色砂礫(li)巖(yan)層中有不(bu)(bu)少石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)礫(li)石(shi)(shi)和(he)碳酸(suan)鈣(gai)膠(jiao)結(jie)物，碳酸(suan)鈣(gai)被水溶解后常形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)些溶溝、石(shi)(shi)芽和(he)溶洞，或者形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)薄層的(de)鈣(gai)化沉積，甚至發(fa)育有石(shi)(shi)鐘乳。沿節理交(jiao)匯處還發(fa)育漏斗。
在(zai)砂(sha)巖(yan)中，因(yin)有交錯(cuo)層(ceng)理(li)所(suo)形成錦(jin)繡般的(de)地(di)形，稱(cheng)為錦(jin)石。河流深(shen)切(qie)的(de)巖(yan)層(ceng)，可形成頂部平齊(qi)、四壁(bi)陡(dou)峭(qiao)的(de)方山(shan)(shan)，或被(bei)切(qie)割成各(ge)種各(ge)樣的(de)奇峰：有直立的(de)、堡壘(lei)狀(zhuang)的(de)、寶塔狀(zhuang)的(de)等。在(zai)巖(yan)層(ceng)傾角較大(da)(da)的(de)地(di)區(qu)，則侵蝕(shi)形成起伏如(ru)龍的(de)單斜山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)；多個單斜山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)相鄰(lin)，稱(cheng)為單斜峰群。巖(yan)層(ceng)沿垂直節(jie)(jie)理(li)發生大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)崩塌(ta)，則形成高大(da)(da)、壯觀的(de)陡(dou)崖(ya)坡(po)；陡(dou)崖(ya)坡(po)沿某組主要節(jie)(jie)理(li)的(de)走(zou)向發育，形成高大(da)(da)的(de)石墻；石墻的(de)蝕(shi)穿形成石窗；石窗進一步(bu)擴大(da)(da)，變成石橋。各(ge)巖(yan)塊之間常形成狹陡(dou)的(de)巷谷(gu)，其巖(yan)壁(bi)因(yin)紅色而名為“赤壁(bi)”，壁(bi)上常發育有沿層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)巖(yan)洞。
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