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形成過程

云(yun)龍河(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)至少形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)5千(qian)萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)前，從地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)頂部到地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)底部的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主要(yao)為(wei)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)2.1－2.9億年(nian)(nian)間、跨二(er)(er)(er)迭(die)(die)與(yu)三迭(die)(die)紀的(de)(de)灰巖(yan)；全(quan)長3.6千(qian)米、平(ping)(ping)均深75米，平(ping)(ping)均寬15米，兩(liang)岸陡峭(qiao)，飛瀑(pu)狂瀉、縫(feng)底流水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan)，上通天(tian)水(shui)暗河(he)，下(xia)聯莽莽清江。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)上共有(you)7條半(ban)瀑(pu)布(有(you)一條瀑(pu)布叫“半(ban)流瀑(pu)”，豐水(shui)期有(you)，枯(ku)水(shui)期無，故稱半(ban)條瀑(pu)布)。大(da)家看到的(de)(de)云(yun)龍橋(qiao)上游(you)那條瀑(pu)布，該瀑(pu)布水(shui)質清澈且在(zai)太陽下(xia)出現彩(cai)虹，游(you)客(ke)如果有(you)幸見到這道彩(cai)虹，必然顯貴發達。云(yun)龍橋(qiao)下(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)那條瀑(pu)布，名(ming)為(wei)開陽瀑(pu)布，瀑(pu)布中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)黃(huang)鐵礦，天(tian)長日久沖刷卵石，石頭就變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了五(wu)彩(cai)顏(yan)色(se)，又叫五(wu)彩(cai)黃(huang)龍瀑(pu)布,下(xia)方即是五(wu)彩(cai)河(he)。神話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)女(nv)媧補天(tian)所用的(de)(de)五(wu)彩(cai)石，正(zheng)是這種石頭。云(yun)龍河(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)曾是云(yun)龍河(he)的(de)(de)伏流段，以暗河(he)形式沉睡(shui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)二(er)(er)(er)、三千(qian)萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)，后因水(shui)流在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)強烈掏蝕(shi)，在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)不斷(duan)(duan)剝(bo)蝕(shi)、致使(shi)暗河(he)頂部坍(tan)塌，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)才得于(yu)面世，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)恩施大(da)峽谷一大(da)奇觀(guan)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質大(da)學(xue)實地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)考(kao)證，這是世界(jie)上唯一兩(liang)岸不同地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質年(nian)(nian)代的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)。右岸為(wei)1.8-2.3億年(nian)(nian)前形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)三迭(die)(die)紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，左岸是2.5-2.8億年(nian)(nian)前形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)迭(die)(die)紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。原因是：在(zai)早期地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)殼變(bian)動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)由于(yu)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)作用，使(shi)三迭(die)(die)紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)二(er)(er)(er)迭(die)(die)紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)呈斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)接(jie)觸，后經過山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)抬升(sheng)和水(shui)流沿斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)薄弱帶(dai)長期下(xia)切、侵(qin)蝕(shi)，而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現在(zai)的(de)(de)深谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)。

主要景點

“一核(he)”是云龍河地縫(feng)景觀(guan)最為精華的區(qu)域，它(ta)涵蓋(gai)云龍橋北部(bu)(bu)至老橋南部(bu)(bu)區(qu)域，在(zai)這(zhe)個核(he)心(xin)區(qu)內(nei)，規劃有(you)主(zhu)題觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)和互(hu)動體(ti)驗兩大類差(cha)異化(hua)的旅游(you)項目，觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)區(qu)與拓展區(qu)通過棧道系(xi)統有(you)機聯系(xi)組合，共同構(gou)筑云龍河地縫(feng)景區(qu)內(nei)主(zhu)題觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)互(hu)動體(ti)驗核(he)心(xin)區(qu)的完整游(you)覽環(huan)線(xian)。具體(ti)設置如下：

主題觀光區云龍勝景

云龍橋(qiao)至老橋(qiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域之(zhi)間的天(tian)然峽(xia)谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)域是(shi)云龍河(he)地縫(feng)之(zhi)中峽(xia)谷景觀特色最為集中的區(qu)(qu)(qu)域，通過對該區(qu)(qu)(qu)域的環境整(zheng)治、旅(lv)游設施配置(zhi)，使(shi)其成(cheng)為最能集中展示云龍河(he)地縫(feng)秀(xiu)美(mei)壯麗(li)峽(xia)谷景觀的主(zhu)題觀光(guang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域，同時該區(qu)(qu)(qu)域也是(shi)云龍河(he)地縫(feng)景區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)游服務、旅(lv)游管(guan)理和(he)基礎設施的集中布(bu)局區(qu)(qu)(qu)。

互動體驗區峽谷丹心

由云龍河老橋(qiao)往南(nan)，在地縫東(dong)岸(an)(an)絕壁修建(jian)棧(zhan)道(dao)，通過索橋(qiao)連接西岸(an)(an)，再修建(jian)繩梯下(xia)至河谷底(di)部(bu)，結合峽(xia)谷底(di)部(bu)兩岸(an)(an)地形特(te)色，將傳(chuan)統(tong)拓展(zhan)運(yun)動設施以(yi)峽(xia)谷棧(zhan)道(dao)步行系(xi)統(tong)展(zhan)示出來，將其(qi)打造(zao)成為一(yi)天然(ran)的峽(xia)谷拓展(zhan)主(zhu)題(ti)互動區(qu)。

峽谷激情漂流帶

由地縫頂部修(xiu)建垂直觀光(guang)電(dian)梯(ti)至峽谷底(di)部，再沿(yan)(yan)(yan)地縫底(di)部云龍河(he)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)線(xian)，開展峽谷漂流項目，打造以(yi)水上體驗運(yun)動為主題的激(ji)情漂流風光(guang)帶，通過對沿(yan)(yan)(yan)線(xian)河(he)道(dao)的整治，形成完整的云龍河(he)水系特色景觀帶，串連起“一核”“一區”。

地縫探秘科普體驗區

由云龍橋北(bei)部(bu)現(xian)有(you)步(bu)道(dao)(dao)下至地(di)縫(feng)谷底(di)，往北(bei)行走(zou)，峽谷兩岸(an)地(di)質(zhi)結(jie)構露出層明顯，受(shou)地(di)質(zhi)構造(zao)運動、尤其是(shi)喜馬(ma)拉(la)雅新構造(zao)運動以來的(de)內力(li)作(zuo)用影(ying)響(xiang)和清(qing)江水系為主的(de)外力(li)侵(qin)蝕作(zuo)用，云龍河(he)(he)水系與地(di)縫(feng)沿途象形山石眾多(duo)，地(di)質(zhi)景(jing)觀等非常壯觀，集中(zhong)再現(xian)了地(di)貌(mao)侵(qin)蝕循(xun)環(huan)機(ji)理的(de)特(te)性(xing)。規劃通(tong)過對現(xian)有(you)北(bei)部(bu)峽谷底(di)部(bu)東(dong)岸(an)游步(bu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)修繕，新增一段峽谷西岸(an)游步(bu)道(dao)(dao)，形成一條小型環(huan)線，通(tong)過沿途地(di)質(zhi)科(ke)普標(biao)識牌、導游系統的(de)配合，打造(zao)一條“中(zhong)國中(zhong)部(bu)地(di)球表層喀斯(si)特(te)地(di)貌(mao)演變遺跡(ji)的(de)戶(hu)外天然自(zi)然博物館”。同時還(huan)可結(jie)合云龍河(he)(he)暗河(he)(he)、洞穴(xue)、絕壁等向北(bei)部(bu)延伸區(qu)域(yu)開(kai)展地(di)縫(feng)科(ke)考探險、地(di)縫(feng)穿越(yue)等為主題的(de)小眾深度體驗(yan)旅(lv)游項目(mu)。在未來，結(jie)合恩施大峽谷地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園的(de)申報，可進行整體專項重點建設。

景觀特色

順著云(yun)龍(long)河(he)流(liu)淌的方向，云(yun)龍(long)河(he)地(di)(di)縫(feng)上游與(yu)板橋(qiao)暗河(he)相(xiang)連，下游一(yi)(yi)直通(tong)到(dao)清(qing)江，地(di)(di)處著名的地(di)(di)質斷裂帶沐(mu)撫斷裂的核心(xin)(xin)區(qu)域。從遙感圖(tu)上可(ke)以(yi)看到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)有趣(qu)的現(xian)(xian)象：這一(yi)(yi)片斷裂呈現(xian)(xian)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)凹陷的心(xin)(xin)形(xing)，而(er)地(di)(di)縫(feng)又從“心(xin)(xin)”上深切而(er)過，給這顆“陷落之心(xin)(xin)”又添上了一(yi)(yi)道“傷痕”。