形成過程
云(yun)(yun)龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫至(zhi)少(shao)形(xing)成(cheng)于(yu)5千(qian)(qian)萬年(nian)前(qian),從地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫頂部(bu)到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫底部(bu)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層主要為形(xing)成(cheng)于(yu)2.1-2.9億年(nian)間(jian)、跨(kua)二迭(die)(die)與三(san)(san)迭(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)的灰巖;全長3.6千(qian)(qian)米、平(ping)(ping)均深75米,平(ping)(ping)均寬15米,兩岸(an)(an)陡峭,飛(fei)瀑(pu)(pu)狂瀉、縫底流(liu)(liu)(liu)水潺潺,上(shang)通天(tian)水暗河(he)(he)(he),下(xia)聯莽(mang)莽(mang)清(qing)(qing)江。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫上(shang)共有7條(tiao)半瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(有一(yi)條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)叫(jiao)“半流(liu)(liu)(liu)瀑(pu)(pu)”,豐水期有,枯水期無,故(gu)稱半條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu))。大家看到(dao)的云(yun)(yun)龍(long)橋上(shang)游那條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu),該瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)水質清(qing)(qing)澈且在太陽(yang)下(xia)出(chu)現彩(cai)虹,游客如(ru)果有幸見到(dao)這(zhe)道(dao)彩(cai)虹,必然顯貴發(fa)達。云(yun)(yun)龍(long)橋下(xia)游的那條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu),名為開陽(yang)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu),瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)中含有黃鐵礦,天(tian)長日久沖(chong)刷卵石(shi),石(shi)頭就變成(cheng)了五(wu)彩(cai)顏色(se),又叫(jiao)五(wu)彩(cai)黃龍(long)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu),下(xia)方即(ji)是(shi)(shi)五(wu)彩(cai)河(he)(he)(he)。神(shen)話(hua)中女媧補天(tian)所用的五(wu)彩(cai)石(shi),正是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)石(shi)頭。云(yun)(yun)龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫曾(ceng)是(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)的伏(fu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)段,以暗河(he)(he)(he)形(xing)式(shi)沉睡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)二、三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)萬年(nian),后(hou)因水流(liu)(liu)(liu)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)強(qiang)烈掏蝕(shi),在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表不(bu)(bu)斷剝蝕(shi)、致使暗河(he)(he)(he)頂部(bu)坍塌,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫才(cai)得于(yu)面世,成(cheng)為恩施大峽(xia)谷一(yi)大奇觀(guan)。中國地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質大學實地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)考證,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)唯(wei)一(yi)兩岸(an)(an)不(bu)(bu)同地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質年(nian)代(dai)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫。右岸(an)(an)為1.8-2.3億年(nian)前(qian)形(xing)成(cheng)的三(san)(san)迭(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層,左(zuo)岸(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)2.5-2.8億年(nian)前(qian)形(xing)成(cheng)的二迭(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層。原因是(shi)(shi):在早期地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)殼變動(dong)中由于(yu)斷裂(lie)作用,使三(san)(san)迭(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層與二迭(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層呈(cheng)斷層接觸(chu),后(hou)經過山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)抬升和水流(liu)(liu)(liu)沿(yan)斷裂(lie)薄弱帶長期下(xia)切、侵蝕(shi),而形(xing)成(cheng)現在的深谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫。
主要景點
“一核”是(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍(long)(long)河地縫景觀(guan)最為精華的(de)區域,它涵蓋云(yun)(yun)龍(long)(long)橋北部至(zhi)老橋南(nan)部區域,在這個核心區內(nei)(nei),規劃有主題觀(guan)光和互(hu)動(dong)體驗兩大類差異化(hua)的(de)旅游項目,觀(guan)光區與拓展(zhan)區通過棧(zhan)道系統有機聯系組合(he),共同構筑(zhu)云(yun)(yun)龍(long)(long)河地縫景區內(nei)(nei)主題觀(guan)光互(hu)動(dong)體驗核心區的(de)完整(zheng)游覽環(huan)線(xian)。具(ju)體設置如(ru)下:
主題觀光區云龍勝景
云(yun)龍橋至老橋區域之(zhi)間的(de)天(tian)然峽谷區域是云(yun)龍河(he)地縫之(zhi)中(zhong)峽谷景(jing)觀(guan)特(te)色最為集中(zhong)的(de)區域,通(tong)過(guo)對該區域的(de)環境(jing)整治、旅游設施配(pei)置,使其(qi)成(cheng)為最能(neng)集中(zhong)展示云(yun)龍河(he)地縫秀美壯麗峽谷景(jing)觀(guan)的(de)主題觀(guan)光(guang)區域,同時該區域也是云(yun)龍河(he)地縫景(jing)區旅游服(fu)務、旅游管理和基礎設施的(de)集中(zhong)布(bu)局區。
互動體驗區峽谷丹心
由云龍河老橋往南,在(zai)地(di)縫東岸(an)絕壁(bi)修建(jian)棧(zhan)道,通過(guo)索橋連接西岸(an),再修建(jian)繩梯下至河谷底部,結合峽(xia)谷底部兩岸(an)地(di)形特色,將(jiang)傳統拓展(zhan)運動設施以峽(xia)谷棧(zhan)道步行系(xi)統展(zhan)示出來,將(jiang)其打(da)造成為(wei)一(yi)天然的峽(xia)谷拓展(zhan)主(zhu)題互(hu)動區。
峽谷激情漂流帶
由地縫頂部修建垂(chui)直(zhi)觀光電梯至峽(xia)谷(gu)底部,再沿地縫底部云龍河沿線,開展峽(xia)谷(gu)漂(piao)流(liu)項(xiang)目,打(da)造以水上體(ti)驗運動為主題的(de)(de)激情漂(piao)流(liu)風(feng)光帶,通過對沿線河道的(de)(de)整治,形成(cheng)完整的(de)(de)云龍河水系特(te)色景觀帶,串連起“一(yi)核”“一(yi)區(qu)”。
地縫探秘科普體驗區
由云龍橋北部現有(you)步道下至地(di)(di)縫谷(gu)(gu)底,往(wang)北行(xing)走(zou),峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)兩(liang)岸(an)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構露出(chu)層明顯(xian),受(shou)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構造(zao)運動、尤(you)其是喜馬(ma)拉雅新構造(zao)運動以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)內力作用(yong)影(ying)響和清江(jiang)水(shui)系為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)外力侵蝕(shi)作用(yong),云龍河水(shui)系與(yu)地(di)(di)縫沿途象形山(shan)石眾多,地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)景觀(guan)等非常壯(zhuang)觀(guan),集中(zhong)再現了地(di)(di)貌侵蝕(shi)循環(huan)機理(li)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性。規劃通過(guo)對現有(you)北部峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)底部東岸(an)游(you)步道的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)繕,新增一(yi)段峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)西岸(an)游(you)步道,形成(cheng)一(yi)條小型(xing)環(huan)線,通過(guo)沿途地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)科普標(biao)識牌(pai)、導游(you)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)配合,打造(zao)一(yi)條“中(zhong)國中(zhong)部地(di)(di)球(qiu)表(biao)層喀(ka)斯特(te)地(di)(di)貌演變遺跡的(de)(de)(de)戶外天然(ran)自然(ran)博物館(guan)”。同(tong)時還可結(jie)合云龍河暗河、洞穴(xue)、絕壁等向北部延伸區域開展地(di)(di)縫科考(kao)探(tan)險、地(di)(di)縫穿(chuan)越(yue)等為(wei)主題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)小眾深度(du)體(ti)(ti)驗旅游(you)項目。在未來(lai),結(jie)合恩施大峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公園的(de)(de)(de)申報,可進行(xing)整體(ti)(ti)專項重(zhong)點建設(she)。
景觀特色
順著云龍(long)河(he)流淌(tang)的方向,云龍(long)河(he)地(di)縫(feng)上游與板橋暗河(he)相連,下游一直通(tong)到(dao)清(qing)江,地(di)處(chu)著名(ming)的地(di)質斷裂(lie)帶沐撫斷裂(lie)的核心(xin)區域(yu)。從遙感圖上可以看到(dao)一個有(you)趣的現(xian)象:這一片(pian)斷裂(lie)呈現(xian)出(chu)一個凹陷的心(xin)形(xing),而(er)地(di)縫(feng)又從“心(xin)”上深切而(er)過,給這顆“陷落之心(xin)”又添上了一道“傷(shang)痕”。