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地理環境

洋山河峽谷位于德江(jiang)縣高山鄉南部的(de)洞門阡，距德江(jiang)縣城28公(gong)(gong)里，距鄉政(zheng)府(fu)所在地(di)9公(gong)(gong)里， 距303省道1.5公(gong)(gong)里，屬(shu)典型的(de)喀(ka)斯特地(di)貌，景(jing)區年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫13.8－15.5℃，年平均(jun)降雨量1250毫米，各景(jing)點海拔在680-1120米不(bu)等。

洋(yang)山河(he)詭麗(li)(li)幽深的峽(xia)谷勾勒出無(wu)山不(bu)(bu)洞(dong)、無(wu)洞(dong)不(bu)(bu)奇的美妙(miao)境界(jie)。仙人(ren)洞(dong)，位于(yu)洋(yang)山河(he)峽(xia)谷東岸，梨子水(shui)西側，洞(dong)口面(mian)向西，洞(dong)口高約5米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)，內(nei)有(you)(you)五個洞(dong)廳(ting)，四個條岔道。據(ju)初步(bu)探測，洞(dong)廳(ting)面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)2000平方米(mi)至20000平方米(mi)之間(jian)不(bu)(bu)等，廳(ting)內(nei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)面(mian)積(ji)約3000平方米(mi)，紅(hong)水(shui)河(he)長約400米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)有(you)(you)余(yu)，深在(zai)0.5至10米(mi)之間(jian)，白水(shui)河(he)長100米(mi)左右，寬(kuan)(kuan)2米(mi)有(you)(you)余(yu)，深0.2至1.5米(mi)之間(jian)，黑(hei)水(shui)河(he)長不(bu)(bu)過30米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)不(bu)(bu)過1.3米(mi)，深不(bu)(bu)過0.8米(mi)。洞(dong)內(nei)處(chu)處(chu)有(you)(you)景，環(huan)境優(you)美，靈(ling)秀典(dian)雅，景多(duo)集(ji)中(zhong)；洞(dong)內(nei)鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)琳瑯(lang)滿目、形態各(ge)異，絢(xuan)麗(li)(li)多(duo)姿，紅(hong)色河(he)水(shui)、乳白河(he)水(shui)瀑布、黑(hei)色河(he)水(shui)、梯田石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幔美不(bu)(bu)勝收(shou)；紅(hong)白黑(hei)三色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)似如天女散花(hua)(hua)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)禽、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獸、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴維妙(miao)維俏(qiao)；晶瑩透亮的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蘑菇、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葡萄(tao)令(ling)人(ren)垂涎欲(yu)滴(di)；大小洞(dong)廳(ting)景物光怪陸離，典(dian)雅秀麗(li)(li)，如同大雄寶殿，宛若蘇州園林(lin)。博大精深的大自然藝術(shu)宮殿令(ling)人(ren)驚嘆不(bu)(bu)已！

主要景點

天坑群

洋山(shan)河(he)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)群(qun)沿著洋山(shan)河(he)峽谷(gu)西側(ce)呈帶狀分布幾(ji)乎平行峽谷(gu)走向，包括橋(qiao)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、三(san)巖(yan)阡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、馬(ma)家天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、大坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)坨天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)等，其中(zhong)最(zui)具有代(dai)表性的是橋(qiao)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)和三(san)巖(yan)阡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)。橋(qiao)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)位于(yu)峽谷(gu)西側(ce)發育在二疊紀下(xia)統厚度363—432米(mi)(mi)的茅口(kou)組灰(hui)及淺灰(hui)燧石灰(hui)巖(yan)。與峽谷(gu)直線距離(li)300余米(mi)(mi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)縱剖面為十字形狀，口(kou)徑270×316米(mi)(mi)，深216米(mi)(mi)。在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)西北(bei)側(ce)上(shang)有一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生橋(qiao)，橋(qiao)高36.5米(mi)(mi)，跨度95.5米(mi)(mi)，橋(qiao)寬21.4米(mi)(mi)，從天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)西角(jiao)沿小道下(xia)30余米(mi)(mi)順沿巖(yan)階到達天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生橋(qiao)下(xia)方(fang)可到達天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)底部(bu)。底部(bu)高程(cheng)和峽谷(gu)底部(bu)高程(cheng)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，與一(yi)(yi)溶(rong)洞相連并且有水流溶(rong)洞走向西南方(fang)向200余米(mi)(mi)水潛入地下(xia)溶(rong)洞。

龍橋天生橋

位于洋山河上游4千米處，橋(qiao)(qiao)高13米，跨45.5米，寬29米，厚3-10米，呈(cheng)東西走向(xiang)橫跨，橋(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)東頭(tou)緊靠(kao)巖(yan)壁，巖(yan)石傾向(xiang)125度，傾角(jiao)12度，橋(qiao)(qiao)頭(tou)上下懸(xuan)崖絕壁唯有(you)一小道盤(pan)旋絕壁到達橋(qiao)(qiao)上。西橋(qiao)(qiao)頭(tou)為緩坡地帶，以往當(dang)河水(shui)暴漲時龍橋(qiao)(qiao)是(shi)通向(xiang)高山上唯一的(de)(de)捷徑。由于橋(qiao)(qiao)下有(you)四根像龍抓狀的(de)(de)石墩支撐橋(qiao)(qiao)身故名叫“龍橋(qiao)(qiao)”。橋(qiao)(qiao)下溪流清(qing)澈(che)見底。

高山石林

高山石(shi)(shi)林(lin)位于省道303公(gong)路東(dong)側(ce)，從打蛇坨(tuo)—豬(zhu)石(shi)(shi)坡—彭家(jia)一(yi)線的緩丘地(di)帶上，地(di)表為紫紅色(se)砂(sha)土(tu)覆(fu)蓋，石(shi)(shi)林(lin)成雞(ji)窩狀分布(bu)，分布(bu)面積由0.2—0.6公(gong)頃不等，數量(liang)相對多但是個體較(jiao)矮(ai)，最高的一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)5-7米(mi)且數量(liang)較(jiao)少，大(da)多在(zai)(zai)1—5米(mi)之(zhi)間為多見(jian)，石(shi)(shi)牙(ya)滿地(di)皆是。參差峰巒，千(qian)姿百(bai)態，巧奪天工，乍一(yi)看，正如一(yi)首軼名(ming)的打油詩所云：“遠看大(da)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)，近看石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)大(da)。石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)果然(ran)大(da)，果然(ran)大(da)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)。”但這(zhe)里(li)的石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)與眾不同(tong)，它是一(yi)幅絕(jue)妙的畫，石(shi)(shi)林(lin)為土(tu)下溶(rong)蝕形成，并(bing)有(you)較(jiao)厚的覆(fu)蓋層覆(fu)蓋。更為可貴的是在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)林(lin)地(di)向東(dong)面山望去滿山遍野的石(shi)(shi)牙(ya)極為壯觀，仿佛是一(yi)幅馬賽克(ke)面具。

洋山河峽谷

位于(yu)梨子水西側(ce)東經(jing)108°7′37.39″，北緯28°25′21.2″谷(gu)(gu)(gu)低高程746米(mi)(mi)，谷(gu)(gu)(gu)長3千米(mi)(mi)，谷(gu)(gu)(gu)深170—200米(mi)(mi)，峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)寬110—180米(mi)(mi)的“U”型(xing)峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)，峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)巖壁(bi)旁發育有石柱(zhu)，溶洞(dong)，及小(xiao)型(xing)天(tian)生橋5座，峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)為地(di)表河(he)向地(di)下河(he)轉化(hua)的末(mo)端河(he)道(dao)(dao)。兩側(ce)植(zhi)被保護完好。峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)底部(bu)有小(xiao)溪流淌，兩岸是連綿的陡崖，肩(jian)部(bu)為小(xiao)煤窯留下的小(xiao)道(dao)(dao)，頂部(bu)是平緩起伏(fu)的喀斯特峰叢景觀。峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)北部(bu)與(yu)寬谷(gu)(gu)(gu)相連，而(er)南(nan)部(bu)末(mo)端為石板(ban)橋穿洞(dong)，從而(er)通過穿洞(dong)與(yu)沙河(he)壩相連。

洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河峽(xia)谷(gu)峽(xia)長(chang)3000米，靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)合攏，秀水(shui)溪流(liu)，氣候宜人，風(feng)光秀麗，河水(shui)從北向南，巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)發育(yu)相(xiang)對集中(zhong)，景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)配套性好，由(you)洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河峽(xia)谷(gu)、洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)群、洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河溶(rong)洞(dong)群組成(cheng)，包括(kuo)橋上天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)、馬(ma)家天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)、三巖(yan)(yan)阡(qian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)等，洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河天(tian)(tian)(tian)生橋群和洞(dong)穴群，包括(kuo)仙人洞(dong)、石(shi)板橋洞(dong)、黑洞(dong)、橋上水(shui)洞(dong)、七洞(dong)、櫻桃門(men)洞(dong)、挑水(shui)洞(dong)、當(dang)門(men)灣(wan)1號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)、當(dang)門(men)灣(wan)2號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)、劉家坨(tuo)洞(dong)、徐(xu)家坨(tuo)洞(dong)、洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河羊(yang)水(shui)1號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)、洋山(shan)(shan)(shan)河羊(yang)水(shui)2號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)等12個洞(dong)穴和多條(tiao)地(di)下河，以(yi)及峽(xia)谷(gu)邊坡(po)上的(de)柱狀石(shi)峰、牛鼻(bi)子(zi)洞(dong)穴、陡崖、瀑布(bu)、梨(li)子(zi)水(shui)石(shi)林(lin)等景(jing)點組成(cheng)，同時景(jing)區較高的(de)森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率和得天(tian)(tian)(tian)獨(du)厚的(de)自然(ran)條(tiao)件還成(cheng)就了中(zhong)國地(di)理標志產品－天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻。根據景(jing)區景(jing)點的(de)分布(bu)情況和特點，筆者認(ren)為，可定位(wei)為巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)地(di)貌(mao)研究(jiu)科普基地(di)，在戰略空間布(bu)局(ju)上可以(yi)規劃(hua)為巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)峽(xia)谷(gu)與地(di)下河觀(guan)(guan)光區、三色溶(rong)洞(dong)河與天(tian)(tian)(tian)生橋觀(guan)(guan)光區、天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻種植(zhi)畜牧養殖與巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)觀(guan)(guan)光體驗區、石(shi)林(lin)與洞(dong)佛寺青少年拓展訓(xun)練區。