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公園簡介

內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古牛(niu)(niu)耳河(he)(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古大興(xing)安嶺重點國有林(lin)(lin)管(guan)理(li)局金河(he)(he)林(lin)(lin)業局牛(niu)(niu)耳河(he)(he)林(lin)(lin)場生態功能區(qu)內(nei)(nei)， 地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北(bei)緯51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總(zong)規劃面積(ji)17525.14公(gong)頃，其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面積(ji)為10718.34公(gong)頃，占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面積(ji)的61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源豐富，類型(xing)(xing)多樣，分為河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和沼(zhao)(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)兩個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類，包(bao)括(kuo)永久(jiu)性(xing)河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、草(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、森林(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤四(si)個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型(xing)(xing)。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園項目的(de)實施(shi)是對牛耳(er)河流(liu)域內汗(han)馬自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)范圍以外的(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源以及(ji)森林生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統進行保護(hu)(hu)和恢復(fu)，與汗(han)馬自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)共同(tong)構成結構完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)牛耳(er)河河流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統，將為維持(chi)區(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)態平(ping)衡，保持(chi)大(da)興安嶺地(di)(di)區(qu)森林生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統完整(zheng)(zheng)性發(fa)揮重要作用。同(tong)時，對于進一步(bu)提高(gao)牛耳(er)河流(liu)域區(qu)域乃至整(zheng)(zheng)個大(da)興安嶺地(di)(di)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)水平(ping)，促(cu)進區(qu)域經(jing)濟社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)具有十(shi)分(fen)重要的(de)意義(yi)。

功能分區

根(gen)據國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)理論與(yu)原則(ze)，結合牛耳河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源分(fen)布特點，金河(he)林業局將牛耳河(he)國家級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)劃(hua)分(fen)為(wei)五大功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合理利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及管理服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)9332.68公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)53.25%，主(zhu)(zhu)要開展(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護、監測等必須的(de)保(bao)護管理活動。恢(hui)復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)5756.03公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通過(guo)植(zhi)被(bei)恢(hui)復(fu)、牛軛湖水系連(lian)通等恢(hui)復(fu)工程，逐步恢(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)周邊(bian)山體裸露區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域，并連(lian)通現有(you)(you)的(de)河(he)流水系與(yu)牛軛湖，進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)541.23公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通過(guo)建設(she)(she)宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，為(wei)進(jin)入濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)科考人員提供更便利(li)的(de)科研條(tiao)件(jian)，展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)最新科研成果。合理利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1860.41公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要建設(she)(she)項目有(you)(you)牛耳河(he)風景園(yuan)、生態露營地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、野外拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等。管理服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)4.73公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包括公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)管理機(ji)構、服(fu)務接(jie)待以及醫(yi)療設(she)(she)施。

動植物資源

內蒙古(gu)牛(niu)耳河國家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)分以東(dong)西伯利亞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區成(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)主體(ti)，同(tong)時，還(huan)含有蒙古(gu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區成(cheng)(cheng)分、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區成(cheng)(cheng)分及(ji)(ji)華北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區成(cheng)(cheng)分，具有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)分混雜的(de)特(te)點。據(ju)調查(cha)及(ji)(ji)相關資料統計，濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內共(gong)有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)95科274屬(shu)549種。野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)豐(feng)富的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源和良(liang)好的(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境，為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良(liang)好的(de)生(sheng)存空間。按(an)照動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理區劃，濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)古(gu)北(bei)(bei)界，為(wei)典型(xing)的(de)寒(han)溫帶針葉(xie)林動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。據(ju)調查(cha)及(ji)(ji)相關資料統計牛(niu)耳河國家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)有動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)32目70科261種。