南(nan)京(jing)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)京(jing)市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧區(qu),是南(nan)京(jing)首個國(guo)際(ji)級濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)包括新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)生洲(zhou)、再生洲(zhou)、子母洲(zhou)和(he)子匯洲(zhou)五個島嶼以及長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)域和(he)兩岸灘涂地(di),總面積(ji)為(wei)58.6平方千米。其中(zhong),新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)面積(ji)為(wei)9.5平方千米,號稱“長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇第一(yi)洲(zhou)”。從城市(shi)生態(tai)系(xi)統來看,新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)京(jing)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)最上游,是南(nan)京(jing)區(qu)域綠(lv)(lv)地(di)系(xi)統的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部(bu)分,對水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)節和(he)凈(jing)化、生物資源(yuan)(yuan)保護作用(yong)重(zhong)大,具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)濕(shi)地(di)科研價值;從城市(shi)空間來看,新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發展帶起點,處(chu)于(yu)(yu)濱(bin)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)城的(de)服務半(ban)徑內,距市(shi)中(zhong)心僅有(you)35公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,隨著軌(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)通、過江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)通道(dao)(dao)、濱(bin)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大道(dao)(dao)的(de)規劃建(jian)設(she),園(yuan)區(qu)將進一(yi)步拉近(jin)與主城的(de)關系(xi),新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)設(she)立,將在(zai)園(yuan)區(qu)乃至(zhi)全市(shi)低碳科技(ji)、綠(lv)(lv)色經濟(ji)(ji)發展中(zhong),起著積(ji)極的(de)引領(ling)示范作用(yong)。
新(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園,規(gui)劃建設五個功能(neng)區新(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)京(jing)段(duan),屬于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中一島(dao),具(ju)體在長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三橋(qiao)上游16公(gong)(gong)里(li),是南(nan)京(jing)市僅次于(yu)(yu)八(ba)卦洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)心(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的第三大江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中島(dao)嶼(yu)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)新(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的存(cun)在,長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)京(jing)段(duan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)被一分為(wei)二,形成北汊(cha)、南(nan)汊(cha)二股水(shui)道(dao)。2011年(nian),新(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)濕地(di)經國家林業局批準(zhun),成立(li)“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇南(nan)京(jing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園”(試點),公(gong)(gong)園位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)京(jing)市江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧區,地(di)處江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇省長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段(duan)最上游,主(zhu)要(yao)包括長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低水(shui)位(wei)(wei)時的新(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、新(xin)生洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、再生洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、子(zi)母洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和子(zi)匯洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)范(fan)圍。濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園規(gui)劃總面積2666.8公(gong)(gong)頃。
根(gen)據規劃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園將建設五個功(gong)能區,其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保護保育區1755.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)恢復(fu)重建區261.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,科普宣教展示(shi)區65.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,合理(li)利用示(shi)范區574.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,綜合管(guan)理(li)服務區9.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園以典型(xing)的(de)長江中下游(you)洲(zhou)(zhou)灘濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)生態系統為核心,以長江濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)、數個永久性(xing)沙(sha)洲(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)季(ji)節性(xing)沙(sha)洲(zhou)(zhou)、洲(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)湖塘和河溪、沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)和生態防護林復(fu)合景觀為特色(se),是集保護保育、科普宣教、科研監(jian)測和生態旅游(you)于一體(ti)的(de)國家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園。
由于新(xin)濟(ji)洲的(de)原住民早在(zai)幾十年前因(yin)為常年遭(zao)遇長江洪災,被當地(di)政府安置上(shang)岸,而之后(hou)新(xin)濟(ji)洲一直作(zuo)為相(xiang)關科研使用,洲上(shang)整體(ti)生(sheng)態(tai)系統結構完整,自(zi)然景觀(guan)獨(du)特,生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性豐富,很多(duo)在(zai)陸地(di)上(shang)看不到的(de)珍(zhen)稀(xi)動植物,在(zai)這都能(neng)見到。
據不(bu)完(wan)全統計,濕地(di)(di)公園區域共有(you)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)366種(zhong),隸屬于78科219屬。包括國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)3種(zhong):紅豆杉、水(shui)杉和(he)莼菜(cai),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)5種(zhong),分別(bie)是水(shui)蕨、香樟(zhang)、蓮、野(ye)(ye)菱、重(zhong)陽(yang)木(mu)。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)中,有(you)列(lie)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)如江(jiang)豚、赤(chi)腹鷹(ying)等共計12種(zhong);列(lie)入《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)有(you)益(yi)的(de)或(huo)者(zhe)有(you)重(zhong)要經(jing)濟(ji)、科學研究價(jia)值的(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)名錄》的(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)達(da)91種(zhong);列(lie)入《瀕危動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》的(de)物(wu)種(zhong)共計15種(zhong);被列(lie)為江(jiang)蘇省重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)的(de)有(you)17種(zhong);另外,長江(jiang)新(xin)濟(ji)洲國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公園有(you)不(bu)少中國(guo)(guo)(guo)與日(ri)本、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)與澳大利亞共同保(bao)護(hu)的(de)候鳥(niao),列(lie)入中日(ri)候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)協定的(de)有(you)34種(zhong);列(lie)入中澳候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)協定的(de)有(you)9種(zhong)。
新濟(ji)洲國家濕地公園驗收通(tong)(tong)過后,2016年(nian)將(jiang)逐步對(dui)市民開(kai)放,首先是(shi)向(xiang)科研團(tuan)體(ti)開(kai)放,接著是(shi)學(xue)生團(tuan)體(ti),因為這里還將(jiang)會(hui)建設(she)教(jiao)育基地,最(zui)后在大交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)配套(tao)的問(wen)題(ti),以及渡江安(an)全(quan)保障的問(wen)題(ti)等解決好后,才會(hui)向(xiang)普通(tong)(tong)市民開(kai)放。