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基本介紹

利(li)辛西淝(fei)(fei)河(he)國家濕(shi)地公園(yuan)東起呂臺大橋，西至蝴(hu)蝶泉，南達西淝(fei)(fei)河(he)與茨淮(huai)新河(he)交匯處，北(bei)到S305線馬店(dian)大橋。地理坐標為東經116°08′01″—116°13′48″，北(bei)緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕(shi)地公園(yuan)范圍包括西淝(fei)(fei)河(he)中(zhong)游馬店(dian)大橋至淝(fei)(fei)河(he)口(kou)段(duan)，以(yi)及西淝(fei)(fei)河(he)兩側(ce)蝴(hu)蝶泉、雙溝(gou)、黑楊溝(gou)等庫塘濕(shi)地，南北(bei)長6.71公里，東西寬9.09公里，面(mian)積791.65公頃。

利辛西淝河國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園內濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源豐富。根據《全(quan)國濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源調查技術規程（試行）》的分類系(xi)統，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園內濕(shi)(shi)地(di)分為河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、湖泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)4大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)類和永久性河流、永久性淡水湖、草(cao)本沼(zhao)澤、庫塘、稻田(tian)5個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型。

西淝河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)56.31%。其中(zhong)，永(yong)(yong)久性河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為262.07公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)58.79%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)33.10%；永(yong)(yong)久性淡(dan)水湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為57.42公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.88%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)7.25%；草本沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為25.85公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)6.10%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.27%；庫塘濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為96.20公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)21.58%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.15%；稻(dao)田濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為4.21公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.95%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.54%。

植物資源

通(tong)過實地(di)(di)調(diao)查、標本采集、鑒定，濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園內(nei)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科6種(zhong)(zhong)，裸(luo)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科7種(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15科57種(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)67科212種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中有睡蓮、野(ye)大豆等(deng)國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)。

動物資源

濕地(di)公園內有哺(bu)乳動物(wu)(wu)(wu)5目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)類15目(mu)(mu)33科(ke)(ke)132種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行動物(wu)(wu)(wu)3目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲動物(wu)(wu)(wu)1目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚類5目(mu)(mu)7科(ke)(ke)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中，國家Ⅱ級保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：刺(ci)猬、白額(e)雁(yan)(yan)、白尾(wei)鷂(yao)、鵲(que)鷂(yao)、雀鷹、普(pu)通鵟、黑鳶、紅(hong)隼、燕(yan)隼、阿穆爾隼、鷹鸮(xiao)、長耳(er)鸮(xiao)、短耳(er)鸮(xiao)，安徽省(sheng)Ⅱ級保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即黃鼬、狗(gou)獾、花背(bei)蟾蜍、中華大(da)蟾蜍、黑斑蛙、鴻雁(yan)(yan)、豆(dou)雁(yan)(yan)、灰雁(yan)(yan)、羅紋鴨(ya)、赤膀(bang)鴨(ya)、綠(lv)翅鴨(ya)、綠(lv)頭鴨(ya)、斑嘴鴨(ya)、白眉鴨(ya)、紅(hong)頭潛(qian)鴨(ya)、青頭潛(qian)鴨(ya)、白眼潛(qian)鴨(ya)、普(pu)通秋沙鴨(ya)、鵪鶉、環頸雉(zhi)、四聲杜鵑、大(da)杜鵑、普(pu)通夜鷹、星頭啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)、大(da)斑啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)、灰頭綠(lv)啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)、家燕(yan)、金(jin)腰燕(yan)、紅(hong)尾(wei)伯勞(lao)、棕背(bei)伯勞(lao)、黑枕黃鸝(li)、灰喜(xi)鵲(que)、暗綠(lv)繡眼鳥(niao)。

地理環境

水文氣候

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園位于暖溫(wen)帶半濕(shi)潤季(ji)風氣候區，有明顯地(di)(di)過(guo)渡性特征，主要(yao)表現為季(ji)風明顯，氣候溫(wen)和，雨量適中(zhong)，光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)，無(wu)霜(shuang)期長，四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明，春溫(wen)多(duo)變，夏(xia)雨集(ji)中(zhong)，秋(qiu)高(gao)氣爽，冬長且干。根(gen)據近五年氣象資料，年均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)15.1℃，極(ji)(ji)端(duan)最高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)37.8℃，極(ji)(ji)端(duan)最低(di)溫(wen)度(du)-9.5℃；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨量784.4毫(hao)米，年降雨日(ri)數平(ping)均(jun)(jun)為97.5天，常(chang)年雨季(ji)為6月下(xia)旬至8月中(zhong)旬；全(quan)(quan)年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照1797.3小時，日(ri)照百(bai)分(fen)(fen)率為49.9%；全(quan)(quan)年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)71%，無(wu)霜(shuang)期226天。