山東(dong)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光濱海國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)(壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光林海生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態博覽(lan)園(yuan))隸屬山東(dong)省壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光市國有(you)機械林場,于1998年投資(zi)開發(fa)建(jian)(jian)設,總面積945公頃,分為生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)育、科普(pu)宣教、合(he)理利(li)(li)用和管(guan)(guan)理服務(wu)四大功能區(qu)。多年以(yi)來,濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)以(yi)濱海鹽(yan)堿濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態資(zi)源為主要特(te)色,因地(di)(di)(di)制宜,科學規劃,建(jian)(jian)成了(le)(le)環境優美、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統完善、景(jing)觀協調、管(guan)(guan)理有(you)效、利(li)(li)用合(he)理的(de)(de)濱海生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di),摸(mo)索出(chu)了(le)(le)一套適合(he)我國濱海鹽(yan)堿地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)綜(zong)合(he)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)有(you)效模式,成為國內同類地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態資(zi)源保(bao)護、恢(hui)復、示范和鹽(yan)堿濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)游(you)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)樣(yang)板,她(ta)濃縮(suo)了(le)(le)我國濱海地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)鹽(yan)堿濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源的(de)(de)精華。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于半咸(xian)(xian)水海(hai)(hai)濱,地(di)(di)(di)勢屬濱海(hai)(hai)淺(qian)平(ping)洼地(di)(di)(di),海(hai)(hai)拔在4-7米(mi)之間(jian),土(tu)壤(rang)為發(fa)育在河流和海(hai)(hai)相(xiang)(xiang)沉積物上的鹽化(hua)潮土(tu),含鹽量(liang)達3-8‰,有機質及(ji)各類養分(fen)含量(liang)較低,這(zhe)為濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的保護(hu)與恢復帶來了(le)(le)阻力。但(dan)經(jing)過長期的人為保護(hu)、改良和恢復,形成(cheng)了(le)(le)濱海(hai)(hai)鹽田濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、蘆(lu)葦沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和人工水塘濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類型組成(cheng)的復合人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di),濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水生態系(xi)統(tong)獨特,有鹽田、不沉湖、淺(qian)平(ping)洼地(di)(di)(di)等(deng)咸(xian)(xian)水生態系(xi)統(tong),有蘆(lu)葦沼澤(ze)、林藕魚立(li)體種(zhong)(zhong)植區、荷花種(zhong)(zhong)植區等(deng)淡水生態系(xi)統(tong),咸(xian)(xian)淡相(xiang)(xiang)宜、林鹽共存、物種(zhong)(zhong)豐富、景觀(guan)優美。
一是有獨(du)特的(de)文(wen)(wen)化內涵(han)。作(zuo)為濱海(hai)重(zhong)度鹽堿地(di)上的(de)自(zi)(zi)然奇(qi)觀,濱海(hai)人(ren)創造了(le)“鹽堿變綠洲的(de)奇(qi)跡(ji)”,樹立了(le)尊重(zhong)自(zi)(zi)然、順應自(zi)(zi)然、保護自(zi)(zi)然、利用自(zi)(zi)然的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)理念,這些不但積(ji)淀(dian)了(le)濕地(di)公園(yuan)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化底蘊,還充分(fen)體現濕地(di)公園(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)發展觀。
二是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)獨(du)特的(de)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)景觀。經過幾千年的(de)歷(li)史沉淀(dian),濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園形成(cheng)了(le)(le)獨(du)有(you)(you)的(de)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史文(wen)化:有(you)(you)上古(gu)(gu)時(shi)期的(de)漢武躬耕巨淀(dian)湖(hu)(hu)畔,三(san)國時(shi)期的(de)張飛勒馬看古(gu)(gu)槐,還(huan)有(you)(you)神秘的(de)“霜雪城”陷(xian)落遺(yi)址;恢復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)的(de)古(gu)(gu)寧國寺、南海觀音、古(gu)(gu)代制鹽(yan)流程、農圣文(wen)化園等(deng)(deng)歷(li)史景物,將一代代流傳(chuan)下去,成(cheng)為明天歷(li)史的(de)古(gu)(gu)跡(ji);抗日(ri)(ri)戰爭時(shi)期,這里是(shi)(shi)著名的(de)抗日(ri)(ri)革命(ming)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di),抗日(ri)(ri)軍民在茫茫蘆葦(wei)蕩(dang)里與日(ri)(ri)寇展開激戰,發(fa)生過著名的(de)清水(shui)泊(bo)戰役;建(jian)設過程中,建(jian)造(zao)了(le)(le)九州(zhou)(zhou)鼎、巨龍浮雕乾坤柱等(deng)(deng)景物,構成(cheng)了(le)(le)九州(zhou)(zhou)方(fang)圓(yuan),堪(kan)稱中華第(di)一神鼎;還(huan)有(you)(you)東方(fang)不沉湖(hu)(hu)、二十里濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生態(tai)水(shui)道、休閑垂(chui)釣、素質拓展、濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)生植物園等(deng)(deng)現代人(ren)(ren)文(wen)景觀,共同構筑了(le)(le)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史演變(bian)過程。
三(san)是有獨特的荷(he)文(wen)化。人工栽植的6000畝荷(he)花(hua)(hua),經過多年的培(pei)植和(he)發展,形成(cheng)了“煙(yan)波浩(hao)渺,荷(he)葉(xie)田田”的特色。為充(chong)分發揮濕(shi)(shi)地荷(he)花(hua)(hua)資源的生(sheng)態效益和(he)旅游價值(zhi),公園(yuan)于2005年開始舉辦荷(he)花(hua)(hua)節,至今已(yi)經舉辦六次,成(cheng)為濕(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)一大旅游靚點。
四(si)是有獨特的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)文化。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園地(di)下蘊含著豐富(fu)的(de)(de)鹵水(shui)資源,為改(gai)善(shan)土(tu)壤理化性狀(zhuang),降低土(tu)壤含鹽(yan)(yan)量(liang),濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園采取“抽鹵曬鹽(yan)(yan)、降低水(shui)位(wei)、林(lin)鹽(yan)(yan)結合(he)(he)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)改(gai)造利(li)用鹽(yan)(yan)堿地(di)”的(de)(de)“林(lin)鹽(yan)(yan)結合(he)(he)、改(gai)堿治(zhi)土(tu)”的(de)(de)模(mo)式,來提(ti)高植被成活(huo)率,實現了以(yi)鹽(yan)(yan)改(gai)土(tu),以(yi)土(tu)促林(lin)的(de)(de)林(lin)鹽(yan)(yan)互補目的(de)(de)。目前在濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園合(he)(he)理利(li)用鹽(yan)(yan)文化區建有鹽(yan)(yan)田兩處,面積約44公頃,形成了獨特的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)田風(feng)光。
獨(du)特的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生態環(huan)(huan)境孕育了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)資源。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園現有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)289種(zhong)(zhong),動物(wu)(wu)428種(zhong)(zhong)。標志環(huan)(huan)境改善的(de)(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)逐年增多(duo),目前(qian)(qian)已發現165種(zhong)(zhong),比建園前(qian)(qian)增加了(le)35種(zhong)(zhong),其中有國家Ⅰ級(ji)重點保護鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)東方白鸛、丹頂鶴(he)、白鶴(he)3種(zhong)(zhong),國家Ⅱ級(ji)重點保護鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)紅隼、鶚、大天鵝(e)、疣鼻天鵝(e)、長耳鸮、黑翅(chi)鳶(yuan)、白琵鷺等21種(zhong)(zhong),成為名(ming)副其實(shi)的(de)(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)樂園,吸引了(le)眾多(duo)專家和(he)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)愛好(hao)者前(qian)(qian)來觀鳥(niao)、攝(she)影,并(bing)對156種(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)留下了(le)活動影像記錄。
濕地(di)公園擁有(you)(you)(you)婀娜多姿的(de)(de)“水(shui)”,豐水(shui)季(ji),煙波(bo)浩(hao)渺(miao);枯(ku)水(shui)季(ji),荷(he)(he)塘淼(miao)淼(miao)。有(you)(you)(you)鮮美的(de)(de)“魚(yu)”,天然(ran)魚(yu)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)36種,可(ke)漁水(shui)面1萬多畝(mu),魚(yu)肥(fei)味鮮,讓人流連忘返。有(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)柔的(de)(de)“荻(di)”,“荻(di)花(hua)紛(fen)飛(fei)(fei)勝似雪”。有(you)(you)(you)珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)“鳥”,是(shi)“鷺的(de)(de)天堂,隼的(de)(de)故(gu)鄉”。有(you)(you)(you)天然(ran)的(de)(de)“氧吧”,水(shui)岸和塘埂上分(fen)布(bu)著大面積的(de)(de)風(feng)景林(lin)、經濟林(lin)和防護林(lin),森林(lin)景觀豐富多樣,富于(yu)季(ji)相變化,春有(you)(you)(you)桃柳爛漫風(feng)光,夏(xia)有(you)(you)(you)荷(he)(he)蓮爭奇斗(dou)艷,秋有(you)(you)(you)蘆荻(di)漫天飛(fei)(fei)舞,冬有(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)木殘荷(he)(he)虬勁滄桑,四季(ji)競秀,妙趣天成,被譽為“壽北江南”。