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基本介紹

湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園地處(chu)南洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)與西洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)2處(chu)國(guo)際(ji)重要濕(shi)地交匯處(chu)，資江、沅(yuan)江與澧水三水匯合的(de)半島之上，包括以沅(yuan)江市區為(wei)(wei)中心，互(hu)為(wei)(wei)連(lian)通的(de)后(hou)江湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、蓼葉湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、上瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、下瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、石磯湖(hu)(hu)(hu)及胭脂湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群構(gou)成，是洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地的(de)重要組成部分。地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)：東經112°16′35″～112°23′58″，北緯28°44′36″～28°51′42″。

公園內水域闊(kuo)廣、港汊密布、岸(an)線曲折、堤(di)岸(an)自然(ran)、林(lin)草豐茂、景色秀(xiu)美、觀(guan)賞性(xing)強，與沅江(jiang)市城區形成(cheng)"濕(shi)(shi)地(di)-森林(lin)-城市"復合生態(tai)系統，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生態(tai)特(te)征典(dian)型、生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)豐富、歷史遺跡文(wen)物(wu)眾多(duo)(duo)，人文(wen)底(di)蘊(yun)深(shen)厚、景觀(guan)資源(yuan)組合度高，是(shi)洞(dong)庭湖周邊湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di)的(de)典(dian)型代(dai)表，保護意(yi)義(yi)重(zhong)大。

公園總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1760.4公頃，其中濕地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1702.9公頃，占規劃面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的96.7%。涉及湖(hu)泊濕地(di)(di)、沼澤濕地(di)(di)和人工(gong)濕地(di)(di)3大(da)濕地(di)(di)類(lei)和永久性(xing)淡水湖(hu)泊、草(cao)本(ben)沼澤、運河(he)、輸水河(he)、水產養殖場(chang)、庫塘6個濕地(di)(di)型(xing)，濕地(di)(di)資源類(lei)型(xing)豐(feng)富多(duo)樣(yang)。

公園及(ji)周邊地(di)區有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)543種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)于(yu)353屬(shu)、119科(ke)，其中(zhong)濕地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)138種(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)金蕎麥、中(zhong)華結縷(lv)草等4種(zhong)(zhong)國家二級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護植物(wu)(wu)(wu)；古樹名木70余株；有(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共計5綱30目73科(ke)198種(zhong)(zhong)，魚類與鳥(niao)類資源突出(chu)，有(you)(you)魚類48種(zhong)(zhong)，占湖(hu)南(nan)已(yi)知魚類的27.9%；鳥(niao)類110種(zhong)(zhong)，占湖(hu)南(nan)已(yi)知鳥(niao)類的28.7%；有(you)(you)鴛鴦、雀鷹、鳶(yuan)等國家二級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)，生物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性豐富，珍稀(xi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)眾多(duo)，保護和科(ke)研價值(zhi)極高。

公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)所在地沅江(jiang)市，被譽(yu)為"魚(yu)米之鄉"，漁耕文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)深厚(hou)，是(shi)湘楚(chu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)發源地，李白、杜(du)甫、王(wang)安石(shi)、曾國藩、毛澤東(dong)等(deng)歷代名人曾寄寓沅江(jiang)，文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊深厚(hou)；現在的(de)(de)沅江(jiang)市有(you)(you)對(dui)洞庭(ting)漁耕文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)承與發展(zhan)的(de)(de)洞庭(ting)漁火(huo)節(jie)；有(you)(you)洞庭(ting)湖(hu)標(biao)志(zhi)意(yi)義的(de)(de)雙(shuang)塔 "凌云塔"、"鎮江(jiang)塔"；有(you)(you)百年歷史(shi)的(de)(de)木(mu)質樓閣(ge)-魁星(xing)樓；有(you)(you)清朝學府(fu)-古(gu)瓊(qiong)湖(hu)書院(yuan)；有(you)(you)展(zhan)示洞庭(ting)湖(hu)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)洞庭(ting)博物館，此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)湖(hu)區特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)防(fang)洪(hong)堤(di)與防(fang)浪林(lin)；有(you)(you)紀(ji)念98抗洪(hong)勝利的(de)(de)洞庭(ting)閣(ge)，此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)悠(you)久的(de)(de)船文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、知(zhi)青(qing)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、美食(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、詩歌文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)等(deng)，文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)資源多姿(zi)多彩，人文(wen)(wen)薈萃。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)外(wai)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)、濕(shi)地文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與風景(jing)資源具有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)科學教育和旅游(you)價值。