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基本介紹

湖(hu)(hu)南書(shu)院洲(zhou)(zhou)國家濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)湖(hu)(hu)南省安(an)(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)境內，主要(yao)包括(kuo)安(an)(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)滋河(he)(he)(he)、虎渡河(he)(he)(he)及其周邊一定范(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域。濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)由北(bei)(bei)向南呈(cheng)狹長型廊道走向，最南端至楊(yang)家河(he)(he)(he)洲(zhou)(zhou)，北(bei)(bei)端至松(song)滋河(he)(he)(he)東支望槐(huai)處(chu)、松(song)滋河(he)(he)(he)中支黃(huang)沙灣處(chu)和(he)(he)虎渡河(he)(he)(he)黃(huang)獅嘴處(chu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)：東經112°4′9″～112°13′34″，北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)29°16′19″～29°29′59″。書(shu)院洲(zhou)(zhou)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3943.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)92.42%。其中，河(he)(he)(he)流濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)2077.91公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)53.96%，占(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)48.7%；沼澤濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1787.94公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)46.43%，占(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)41.90%；人工濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)25.47公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)0.66%，占(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)0.60%。書(shu)院洲(zhou)(zhou)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)處(chu)于洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)平(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長江(jiang)與洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)網水(shui)系地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，是長江(jiang)入洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)三口(kou)(kou)（藕池口(kou)(kou)、太(tai)平(ping)口(kou)(kou)、松(song)滋口(kou)(kou)）河(he)(he)(he)網水(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部分(fen)，是長江(jiang)-洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)生(sheng)態廊道，也是安(an)(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態、經濟和(he)(he)文(wen)化(hua)廊道，對保障(zhang)洞(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態安(an)(an)全和(he)(he)促進安(an)(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)社會經濟可(ke)持續(xu)發展具有重要(yao)作用。

濕地(di)公園生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性豐富，動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多。共有種(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)119科(ke)(ke)，344屬(shu)(shu)，520種(zhong)(zhong)，其中有國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)蓮和(he)野(ye)(ye)菱2種(zhong)(zhong)。發現野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)202種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)(shu)30目(mu)(mu)74科(ke)(ke)215屬(shu)(shu)，其中，魚類(lei)5目(mu)(mu)13科(ke)(ke)42屬(shu)(shu)50種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)2目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)3目(mu)(mu)8科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)15目(mu)(mu)41科(ke)(ke)78屬(shu)(shu)111種(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)5目(mu)(mu)7科(ke)(ke)9屬(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)。在野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)中，國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)，省級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)98種(zhong)(zhong)。優(you)越的(de)(de)自然環境使書院(yuan)洲濕地(di)成為水鄉天然的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)園。

安鄉歷史(shi)悠久(jiu)、人杰(jie)地(di)靈，俗稱“魚(yu)米之鄉”。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)新石(shi)器(qi)(qi)時代(dai)就有人類(lei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此繁衍生(sheng)息(xi)，境內(nei)發現的(de)湯家崗新石(shi)器(qi)(qi)遺址已有7000多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)，屬全國罕見，比城頭山(shan)的(de)歷史(shi)還早1000多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。書(shu)院洲(zhou)(zhou)原名鸛洲(zhou)(zhou)，曾經是(shi)一片肥沃的(de)淤洲(zhou)(zhou)，現在(zai)(zai)(zai)早已圍(wei)(wei)堤成垸，為(wei)書(shu)院洲(zhou)(zhou)社區所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很早以前，這片淤洲(zhou)(zhou)名為(wei)鸛港。洲(zhou)(zhou)上修了(le)一座道觀(guan)(guan)，叫(jiao)興國觀(guan)(guan)。道觀(guan)(guan)飛閣(ge)重檐，雕梁畫棟；觀(guan)(guan)內(nei)三清神像(xiang)金光閃閃，栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng)，是(shi)一個雅麗(li)恬靜的(de)好地(di)方(fang)(fang)，名人學(xue)士常來到(dao)這里(li)聚徒講學(xue)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)宋(song)范仲淹少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時曾在(zai)(zai)(zai)此地(di)興國觀(guan)(guan)讀書(shu)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。后來，為(wei)了(le)紀念范文(wen)正公，宋(song)慶(qing)元二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1196年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）在(zai)(zai)(zai)他讀書(shu)的(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)，人們修建了(le)一座書(shu)院，名為(wei)范文(wen)正公讀書(shu)臺，至到(dao)清乾隆十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1745年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）重修書(shu)院時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)書(shu)院周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)種柳數百株，書(shu)院改名為(wei)“深(shen)柳書(shu)院”，鸛港也改名叫(jiao)了(le)“書(shu)院洲(zhou)(zhou)”。

湖(hu)南(nan)書院(yuan)洲國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)規(gui)劃(hua)遵循“保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)優(you)先、科學(xue)恢復(fu)、合理利用、持續(xu)發展”的(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)則。縣委、縣政府高度重視，以(yi)(yi)(yi)松滋河(he)、虎渡河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統為核心(xin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)長江(jiang)與洞庭(ting)湖(hu)之間獨(du)具特色的(de)河(he)網水系(xi)(xi)復(fu)合生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統為特色，以(yi)(yi)(yi)豐(feng)富的(de)洞庭(ting)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文化、深厚的(de)歷史文化為內涵，以(yi)(yi)(yi)長江(jiang)-庭(ting)湖(hu)之間河(he)網水系(xi)(xi)廊道生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)、洞庭(ting)湖(hu)實體模型(xing)和仿真試驗基地(di)(di)與洞庭(ting)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)動態(tai)演變科研試驗基地(di)(di)建設為核心(xin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)文化展示與體驗為突破(po)，力爭把書院(yuan)洲濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)打造(zao)成(cheng)集濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)功能和濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文化展示、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀光(guang)休閑、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)科研、監測和宣教于一(yi)體的(de)國家級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。