湖(hu)南(nan)思(si)蒙國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園地(di)(di)(di)處溆(xu)浦縣西部(bu),涵蓋溆(xu)水下游河道、銀珍水庫(ku)、河州漫灘和周邊部(bu)分山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),總面(mian)積1018公(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積715.8公(gong)頃(qing),占70.32%。公(gong)園內自然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)優美(mei)、動(dong)植物種(zhong)(zhong)類繁多,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)河流、洪泛平原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、庫(ku)塘組成了復合(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統,沿(yan)河山(shan)水風光與田園風光交輝相(xiang)應,丹霞山(shan)水、溶洞峽谷、古村驛站等景觀資(zi)源豐(feng)富多彩,園內有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子植物145科、431屬、637種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中屬于濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植物有(you)(you)64科、159屬、206種(zhong)(zhong),同時在公(gong)園范圍內監測到野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)物共計(ji)26目(mu)67科171種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)數為(wei)湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已知脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)物總數的18.67%,具有(you)(you)很高(gao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態價值和社(she)會(hui)效益。
2013年12月經國(guo)家林業(ye)局審(shen)批將思蒙(meng)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)列(lie)為國(guo)家級(ji)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan),該公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)屬河流(liu)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan),地(di)(di)(di)(di)處湖(hu)南省溆(xu)浦(pu)縣(xian)西部(bu)的(de)巖溶、丹霞地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌區,東(dong)起盧峰(feng)鎮(zhen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)坪的(de)桔頌(song)壩,西至江口鎮(zhen)的(de)犁(li)頭咀,范(fan)圍包(bao)括(kuo)溆(xu)水(shui)下(xia)游(you)河道(dao)、銀(yin)珍水(shui)庫、河洲漫(man)灘和周邊部(bu)分山地(di)(di)(di)(di),共涉及(ji)盧峰(feng)鎮(zhen)、仲夏(xia)、思蒙(meng)、小江、江口鎮(zhen)等五個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),28個(ge)行政村(cun),總面(mian)積1018.0公(gong)(gong)頃,其(qi)中水(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積715.8畝占70.32%,陸地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(林地(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)其(qi)他用地(di)(di)(di)(di))302.2畝。地(di)(di)(di)(di)理坐標介于(yu)東(dong)經110°22′38″~110°34′23″,北緯27°49′17″~27°54′08″之(zhi)間(jian),南北長8.8千米,東(dong)西寬19.3千米。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園境(jing)內河(he)流(liu)(包括常(chang)年(nian)(nian)有(you)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)的(de)小溪)總長度36.5千米,主(zhu)河(he)流(liu)床(chuang)寬100~150米,最大流(liu)量(liang)3960立(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao),多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均流(liu)量(liang)1990立(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均徑流(liu)量(liang)26.3立(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao),思(si)蒙濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園地(di)(di)處低山巖(yan)(yan)溶、丹霞地(di)(di)貌區,母巖(yan)(yan)以砂礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)、石(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)主(zhu),土(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要為(wei)紅壤(rang)和近代河(he)湖沖積物發育而成的(de)河(he)潮(chao)土(tu),另有(you)少量(liang)水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu).
公園內主要有(you)江(jiang)口、思蒙、仲夏3處碼(ma)(ma)頭,桃源洞天、三閭灘等主要景點設有(you)簡易碼(ma)(ma)頭,通(tong)航(hang)里(li)程27.0千米。通(tong)訊條件(jian)較好(hao),中(zhong)國(guo)移動、中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)信、中(zhong)國(guo)聯通(tong)信號實現了全覆(fu)蓋.
園區(qu)內(nei)動植(zhi)物(wu)資源種類繁(fan)多(duo),有(you)種子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)145科、431屬、637種,屬濕地植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)64科、159屬、206種。其中(zhong)重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)8種,分別是(shi):國家(jia)Ⅰ級重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)2種,銀杏、水杉(shan),國家(jia)Ⅱ級重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)6種,樟(zhang)樹、蓮、野大豆、大葉櫸、喜樹、中(zhong)華結縷(lv)草(cao)。
有野(ye)生脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)26目67科(ke)171種,其中魚類(lei)有4目9科(ke)33種,兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有1目4科(ke)13種,爬(pa)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)油3目7科(ke)20種,鳥類(lei)有14目37科(ke)88種,哺乳類(lei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有4目10科(ke)17種。其中國家Ⅱ級重(zhong)點保護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有10種,分別是:虎紋蛙、黑耳鳶、赤腹鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、燕隼、阿穆爾隼、紅隼、紅腹錦雞、東方(fang)角鸮、斑(ban)頭鵂鶹。
公園(yuan)內自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境優美,濕(shi)(shi)地資源豐富(fu),由河流、洪(hong)泛平原濕(shi)(shi)地、庫塘組成了復合濕(shi)(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)系統。
沿河(he)山水(shui)風光(guang)與(yu)田園風光(guang)交輝(hui)相應,丹霞山水(shui)、溶洞峽谷、古村驛(yi)站(zhan)等(deng)(deng)景(jing)觀資(zi)源豐富多彩。主要景(jing)點有(you)煙(yan)雨思蒙、溆水(shui)屈(qu)儃、桃源洞天(tian)、五佛山、三(san)閭灘(tan)、犁頭(tou)咀古驛(yi)站(zhan)等(deng)(deng)。