湖南平江黃金(jin)(jin)河國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)依托平江縣黃金(jin)(jin)洞鄉境內的(de)黃金(jin)(jin)河、黃金(jin)(jin)洞水庫及周邊部分森林而建設。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)距平江縣城72公(gong)里,位于汨羅江源頭(tou),規劃總面積637.7公(gong)頃,地(di)(di)理坐標為北緯28°40′44″~28°36′19″,東經113°59′22″~114°05′20″。
這里資源(yuan)豐富(fu),風光旖旎,讓(rang)人心馳神(shen)往(wang)。擬建的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)金(jin)河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積428.9公頃(qing),占規(gui)劃總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)67.25%。包括河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)3大(da)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)永久性(xing)河流(liu)、森(sen)(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)、草本沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)、庫(ku)塘、水(shui)(shui)(shui)產養殖場(chang)和稻田6種(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型。黃(huang)金(jin)河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)是汨羅江(jiang)源(yuan)頭三大(da)支流(liu)之(zhi)一的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)金(jin)河修筑攔水(shui)(shui)(shui)壩形成的(de)(de)(de)復合(he)型濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di),它是30多萬畝(mu)茂密森(sen)(sen)林擁抱,崇山峻嶺間的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態明珠(zhu)。在(zai)數十萬畝(mu)森(sen)(sen)林中有各種(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)針葉林、闊葉林、針闊混交(jiao)林、灌木林,還零星(xing)分(fen)布著數千畝(mu)次生(sheng)林。由于攔水(shui)(shui)(shui)壩的(de)(de)(de)作用使濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)擴大(da),孕育出眾多類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植被,為各種(zhong)珍稀魚類(lei)、兩(liang)棲類(lei)、爬行類(lei)和鳥類(lei)動物繁(fan)衍(yan)生(sheng)息提供了極佳的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)所。呈現(xian)出溝(gou)壑(he)縱橫、水(shui)(shui)(shui)岸蜿蜒,山清水(shui)(shui)(shui)秀(xiu),碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)藍天,山水(shui)(shui)(shui)相映,水(shui)(shui)(shui)鳥穿梭,生(sheng)機勃勃的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀。
這(zhe)里是森(sen)林(lin)與(yu)濕地復合(he)生(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)典型代表,生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性極為豐富。地處(chu)羅霄山腹地的(de)黃金(jin)(jin)河濕地,氣候溫暖,雨(yu)水(shui)充沛,森(sen)林(lin)廣茂,孕育(yu)了極為豐富的(de)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)資源。調查發現公園(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)維管束植(zhi)物(wu)243種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬于95科,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ、Ⅱ級保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)水(shui)杉(shan)、香樟、厚樸和金(jin)(jin)蕎麥4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),典型的(de)水(shui)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在水(shui)庫邊仍保留(liu)著幾株千年古樹,森(sen)林(lin)沼澤更是珍(zhen)稀(xi)的(de)濕地類(lei)型。調查中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發現脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)189種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬于5綱27目71科。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重點保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)虎紋(wen)蛙、赤腹鷹(ying)(ying)、雀鷹(ying)(ying)、松雀鷹(ying)(ying)、燕隼、紅隼、領(ling)角鸮、領(ling)鵂(xiu)鶹、斑頭(tou)鵂(xiu)鶹等9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);《瀕危(wei)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿(mao)易公約》的(de)鳥類(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)業局規定的(de)"三有(you)(you)"保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);湖(hu)南省保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
這(zhe)里(li)(li)歷(li)史文化內涵深(shen)厚,彰顯了(le)(le)(le)璀璨的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)文魅力。汨(mi)羅江是平(ping)江縣的(de)(de)母(mu)親河,她承載(zai)了(le)(le)(le)屈原、杜甫(fu)兩位世界(jie)歷(li)史文化明人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)歸宿地(di);在平(ping)江這(zhe)塊紅色熱土上,曾(ceng)發(fa)生過"平(ping)江起(qi)義(yi)"、"平(ping)江慘案"、"三月撲城"等(deng)重大(da)歷(li)史革命事件,走出了(le)(le)(le)63位共和國將軍。黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)洞水(shui)庫原為黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)洞鄉(xiang)府所(suo)在地(di),曾(ceng)經爆發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)礦(kuang)礦(kuang)警起(qi)義(yi),策應了(le)(le)(le)由毛澤東(dong)領導的(de)(de)湘(xiang)贛(gan)邊界(jie)秋收起(qi)義(yi);"平(ping)江起(qi)義(yi)"后這(zhe)里(li)(li)成為了(le)(le)(le)湘(xiang)鄂贛(gan)蘇區的(de)(de)后方陣地(di),湘(xiang)鄂贛(gan)蘇維埃政府的(de)(de)工農銀行、兵工廠(chang)、被(bei)服廠(chang)、醫(yi)院、制藥(yao)廠(chang)、硝鹽(yan)廠(chang)等(deng)轉移(yi)或成立在這(zhe)里(li)(li);"平(ping)江慘案"中,新(xin)四(si)軍司令(ling)部秘(mi)書曾(ceng)金(jin)(jin)聲等(deng)6人(ren)(ren)被(bei)活埋在這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)英烈(lie)嶺,3萬多愛國志士在多次反(fan)圍剿中,用(yong)鮮血將這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)山(shan)水(shui)染紅。
這里生(sheng)(sheng)態區位(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao),是(shi)一片(pian)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)護的(de)(de)土地(di)。黃金河濕(shi)地(di)是(shi)汨羅江(jiang)源(yuan)頭重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)濕(shi)地(di),在涵養水源(yuan)、減緩徑(jing)流(liu)、儲水發(fa)電、蓄洪防旱、調節氣候,保(bao)護飲用水源(yuan)和生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性等(deng)方面發(fa)揮(hui)著(zhu)極其(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用,黃金河濕(shi)地(di)是(shi)汨羅江(jiang)和平江(jiang)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)組成,是(shi)保(bao)障汨羅江(jiang)和平江(jiang)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)全的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)屏(ping)障。然而,由(you)于缺乏(fa)有(you)(you)效保(bao)護措(cuo)施,砍伐林木、捕殺候鳥現(xian)象也時有(you)(you)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。
湖南平江黃(huang)(huang)金河國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園堅持(chi) "保(bao)護(hu)優先、科學恢復(fu)、合(he)理(li)利(li)用、持(chi)續發展"的(de)(de)基本原(yuan)則(ze),以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)禽棲息地(di)(di),豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)物多樣性(xing),提高生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)服務(wu)功能(neng),改善平江縣生(sheng)態(tai)質(zhi)量為(wei)主要目的(de)(de),將黃(huang)(huang)金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢復(fu)重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、管理(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)五(wu)個功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu),分別占規劃總面積的(de)(de)88.31%、1.55%、0.60%、1.18%和8.36%。通過實施生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu),資(zi)源合(he)理(li)利(li)用等九大工程。將黃(huang)(huang)金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園建(jian)設成以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong),生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)為(wei)核心,以(yi)秀(xiu)美的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景觀,豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)和璀璨的(de)(de)紅色(se)文(wen)化(hua)為(wei)內涵(han),集(ji)生(sheng)態(tai)觀光、文(wen)化(hua)體驗(yan)、心靈凈化(hua)、科研宣(xuan)教于一體的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園。
平江縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)高度(du)重(zhong)視黃金河(he)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公園建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),將其列為全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)重(zhong)點工程之一。目前(qian),已成立了建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)領導小(xiao)組和(he)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)指揮部(bu),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)人民對(dui)公園建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)翹首以盼。我們有理由(you)相信,在國(guo)家林業局(ju)及地(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的支(zhi)持下,我們有能力,也一定(ding)能夠保護好這份大自(zi)然留給(gei)我們的寶貴財富,使其更加生機盎然,瑰麗動(dong)人。