靖(jing)州苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自(zi)治縣位(wei)于湖南(nan)省(sheng)西南(nan)部,千百年(nian)來,被苗族(zu)侗族(zu)人民(min)公(gong)認為(wei)祖源(yuan)之地(di)。同時還是我國著名的楊梅(mei)之鄉、茯苓(ling)之鄉。并因其(qi)優越的地(di)理(li)位(wei)置,自(zi)清乾隆以(yi)來,便有“八邦匯靖(jing)”之美(mei)譽。
在這片富(fu)饒的(de)土地(di)上,有(you)一(yi)條河(he)面寬闊、水質優良(liang),島嶼、河(he)灣形態(tai)優美的(de)河(he)流蜿(wan)蜒北去,宛如(ru)一(yi)條絲(si)帶,飄落在這片熱土。這里就是擬建(jian)的(de)湖(hu)南靖州五龍(long)潭(tan)國家濕地(di)公園。
湖南靖州五龍潭國家濕地公園地處靖州縣中南部,主要包括渠水—五龍潭水域及周邊的水源涵養林,地理坐標為:東經109°38′31″~109°41′14″,北(bei)緯26°22′20″~26°32′34″。規劃總面(mian)積(ji)1005.6公(gong)頃(qing):濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)564.6公(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)地(di)(di)率為56.2%。(其中(zhong)保(bao)育區和恢復重建區內濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)共543.9 公(gong)頃(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)的96.3%;合理利用區濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji) 20.7公(gong)頃(qing),占濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)的3.7%。)
濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)以我國湘西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)山區水量(liang)較大的渠水永久性(xing)(xing)河流(liu)和水質(zhi)優良(liang)的五龍潭庫塘濕(shi)地(di)組成的復合濕(shi)地(di)生態系(xi)統為主體,濕(shi)地(di)總面積為564.6 公頃,濕(shi)地(di)率(lv)為56.2%,在湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)和我國中西(xi)(xi)部地(di)區具有較強的獨特(te)性(xing)(xing)和較高的科研與(yu)保護價值。
良好的濕地-森(sen)林復合生(sheng)(sheng)態系統孕(yun)育了豐富的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性。濕地公(gong)園內(nei)有(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)維管束植物(wu)145科,324屬(shu),704種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。包(bao)括(kuo)楨楠、樟(zhang)樹、中華結縷草等6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保護植物(wu)。有(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)5綱(gang)26目71科179 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中魚類42 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。包(bao)括(kuo)黑耳鳶、小鴉鵑、虎紋(wen)蛙(wa)等12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保護動(dong)(dong)物(wu);被列入IUCN瀕危(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄的有(you)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)包(bao)括(kuo)斑(ban)鱧、鎮(zhen)海(hai)林蛙(wa)、池鷺在內(nei)的湖南(nan)省重點保護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)88 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕地公(gong)園在保護生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性方面具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)作用(yong)。
濕(shi)地公園兩岸森林茂密(mi),峰巒競秀(xiu),古樹(shu)青藤繁生于巖間。河水碧綠而清澈(che),在(zai)藍天白(bai)云之下,山(shan)立水旁,水映山(shan)影(ying),景色迷人。同(tong)時,濕(shi)地公園及其周邊(bian)具有濃厚(hou)的民俗文化、深厚(hou)的歷史文化和豐富的人文景觀資(zi)源,能夠在(zai)科普宣教方面發揮重要作用。
濕地(di)公園秉承“保(bao)護優先、科(ke)學恢復、合理利(li)用(yong)(yong)、持續發展”的指導(dao)思想,被區(qu)(qu)劃為保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)、宣教展示區(qu)(qu)、合理利(li)用(yong)(yong)區(qu)(qu)和管理服務區(qu)(qu)5個(ge)功能區(qu)(qu)。