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基本介紹

貴州思南白鷺湖國家濕地公園位于貴州省思南縣、總面積4264.8公頃。貴州思南白鷺湖(hu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)濕地公園坐落于貴州省銅(tong)仁(ren)市思南縣縣城南部18公里烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江(jiang)河段上，地處武陵山腹地，烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江(jiang)流(liu)域的中(zhong)心(xin)地帶，東鄰國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級自然保護區梵凈山，西倚歷史文化名城遵義，南靠泉都(dou)石阡，北順烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江(jiang)達重慶涪(fu)陵入長江(jiang)。地理(li)坐標為東經107°55′32"～108°11′18"，北緯(wei)27°38′55"～27°49′35"。規劃總面(mian)積4264.8公頃(qing)。該國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)濕地公園于2013年12月21日(ri)通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)林(lin)業局批復（林(lin)濕發(fa)[2013]243號），目(mu)前(qian)正進入試點建設階段。

貴州思南(nan)白(bai)鷺(lu)湖國家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園以(yi)在烏江(jiang)(jiang)中游上(shang)(shang)人(ren)工(gong)筑(zhu)壩形成的(de)白(bai)鷺(lu)湖為主(zhu)體(ti)，以(yi)白(bai)鷺(lu)湖泊沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)系統為核心，以(yi)構建烏江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)廊道、完善(shan)長江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)游生(sheng)態(tai)屏障(zhang)功(gong)能為目(mu)的(de)而建立。白(bai)鷺(lu)湖濕(shi)地公(gong)園的(de)自然資(zi)源豐富，歷(li)史、人(ren)文景觀獨特。

濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)源：公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)域廣闊(kuo)，形(xing)成了自然河(he)(he)流(liu)以(yi)及(ji)人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)（庫塘）構成的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)多樣。同時，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)與森(sen)林(lin)構建完(wan)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)光(guang)山(shan)色美(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)，并且長期的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)沉淀，使(shi)得(de)白(bai)鷺湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)源豐(feng)富，有“百里畫廊”之(zhi)美(mei)(mei)譽。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)域景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)域寬廣，總面(mian)(mian)積2514.9公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，主要水(shui)(shui)域景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)：白(bai)鷺湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、六池河(he)(he)、黑灘河(he)(he)、黑鵝溪等。共同形(xing)成了“平(ping)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”、“水(shui)(shui)巷(xiang)“、“洞溪”、“地(di)(di)下河(he)(he)”等多樣的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)域景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)風(feng)貌(mao)(mao)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)清(qing)綠(lv)幽寂，水(shui)(shui)質清(qing)純。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文(wen)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)呈(cheng)現出典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)喀斯特(te)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。山(shan)峰層巒(luan)疊嶂(zhang)，形(xing)態各異；峽(xia)谷(gu)壁(bi)立(li)千(qian)仞(ren)，怪石嶙峋；島(dao)嶼點(dian)綴其中(zhong)(zhong)，風(feng)光(guang)秀麗(li)；溶洞群(qun)迂回曲折，巧奪天(tian)工(gong)。主要地(di)(di)文(wen)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)：小溪槽天(tian)坑、黑河(he)(he)峽(xia)谷(gu)、鹽(yan)井壩(ba)(ba)島(dao)、天(tian)生(sheng)橋以(yi)及(ji)馬尾(wei)洞、犀牛洞、仙人洞等溶洞群(qun)。呈(cheng)現出雄偉(wei)、險峻、隱(yin)蔽、幽深的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)美(mei)(mei)學特(te)征(zheng)，與廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)域營造出山(shan)地(di)(di)-峽(xia)谷(gu)-平(ping)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)（河(he)(he)流(liu)）融為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)文(wen)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)岸藤蘿懸掛、鴛鴦(yang)戲水(shui)(shui)、野(ye)(ye)猴(hou)嬉戲，水(shui)(shui)鳥(niao)飛鳴，具有結(jie)構完(wan)善、功能協同的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)-森(sen)林(lin)復(fu)合生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。據調(diao)查統(tong)(tong)計，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)其周邊區域分(fen)布(bu)有維管植物(wu)(wu)53目(mu)，120科(ke)，252屬(shu)，331種(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)，有國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)銀(yin)杏、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)柔毛油杉(shan)。同時，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內有野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)214種(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)5綱29目(mu)73科(ke)；其中(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)9種(zhong)、列(lie)入《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)有益的(de)(de)(de)或者有重(zhong)(zhong)要經濟、科(ke)學研究價值的(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)名錄(lu)》的(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)(wu)達86種(zhong)。這些(xie)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源給白(bai)鷺湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)建設帶(dai)來了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源基礎，一(yi)(yi)年四(si)季景(jing)(jing)色怡人，可以(yi)提供人們鳥(niao)類觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)賞(shang)、科(ke)普(pu)教育(yu)、休閑娛樂等一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)旅游觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)項(xiang)目(mu)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)象與氣候(hou)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：在波光(guang)粼(lin)粼(lin)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)上乘坐(zuo)游船觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)賞(shang)著白(bai)鷺湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)夕(xi)陽西(xi)下，體(ti)驗夕(xi)陽下滿載(zai)收獲(huo)的(de)(de)(de)漁船歸港(gang)；屹立(li)于(yu)白(bai)鷺湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)大壩(ba)(ba)上，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)看一(yi)(yi)泄(xie)數(shu)十米的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)汽煙云(yun)；白(bai)鷺湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)靜(jing)靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)淌(tang)在群(qun)山(shan)當中(zhong)(zhong)，如遇上湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)上淡(dan)淡(dan)薄霧(wu)，兩(liang)岸美(mei)(mei)麗(li)景(jing)(jing)色帶(dai)著些(xie)許朦(meng)朧(long)，讓人暇思聯翩。

文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)：貴州思南(nan)白鷺湖國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園所(suo)在的思南(nan)縣歷史悠久，素有“先思南(nan)后貴州”一說(shuo)，是(shi)中原文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)向西南(nan)滲透的重要地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，也(ye)是(shi)中原文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)與西南(nan)少數民族(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)相融合的交(jiao)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，形(xing)成了(le)思南(nan)獨(du)特地(di)(di)(di)域民族(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)。同時(shi)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園處(chu)于(yu)綿(mian)延縱橫(heng)的黃(huang)金水道烏(wu)江之上，烏(wu)江更(geng)是(shi)一條連(lian)接(jie)(jie)長江流域、云貴高原、巴(ba)蜀地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)和(he)湘(xiang)西的文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)紐帶(dai)，流域內文(wen)(wen)(wen)物古跡遍布，民族(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)風(feng)情濃(nong)郁，多元文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交(jiao)流碰撞(zhuang)，孕育了(le)獨(du)具地(di)(di)(di)域特色的濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)（烏(wu)江）文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)。