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基本介紹

貴州思南白鷺湖國家濕地公園位于貴州省思南縣、總面積4264.8公頃。貴州思(si)南(nan)白(bai)鷺湖國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園坐落于貴州省銅仁市思(si)南(nan)縣(xian)縣(xian)城南(nan)部18公(gong)里烏江河(he)段上，地處武陵(ling)山腹地，烏江流域的中心地帶(dai)，東鄰國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自然(ran)保護(hu)區梵凈山，西倚歷史文(wen)化名城遵(zun)義，南(nan)靠泉都石阡，北順(shun)烏江達重慶涪陵(ling)入長(chang)江。地理(li)坐標為東經107°55′32"～108°11′18"，北緯27°38′55"～27°49′35"。規(gui)劃總面(mian)積4264.8公(gong)頃。該國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園于2013年12月21日通過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)林(lin)業局(ju)批復(fu)（林(lin)濕發[2013]243號(hao)），目前(qian)正進入試點建設階段。

貴州思南白(bai)鷺(lu)湖國家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公園以(yi)在烏江(jiang)中游上人(ren)工筑壩形成(cheng)的(de)白(bai)鷺(lu)湖為(wei)主體，以(yi)白(bai)鷺(lu)湖泊沼澤濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系統為(wei)核心(xin)，以(yi)構建烏江(jiang)上的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)廊(lang)道、完善(shan)長江(jiang)上游生(sheng)態(tai)屏障(zhang)功(gong)能為(wei)目的(de)而(er)建立。白(bai)鷺(lu)湖濕地(di)(di)公園的(de)自然資(zi)源豐富，歷史、人(ren)文景(jing)觀(guan)獨特(te)。

濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)源(yuan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)廣(guang)闊，形(xing)成了自(zi)然河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)以及(ji)人(ren)工(gong)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)（庫塘(tang)）構成的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)，濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)多樣。同(tong)(tong)時，濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)與森(sen)(sen)林構建完好的(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)光(guang)(guang)山(shan)(shan)色美(mei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，并且(qie)長期的(de)(de)文化沉淀，使(shi)得白鷺(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)，有(you)(you)“百里畫廊”之美(mei)譽。一(yi)是水(shui)域(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)寬廣(guang)，總面積2514.9公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，主要水(shui)域(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括：白鷺(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、六池河(he)(he)(he)、黑灘河(he)(he)(he)、黑鵝(e)溪(xi)等(deng)。共(gong)同(tong)(tong)形(xing)成了“平湖(hu)(hu)(hu)”、“水(shui)巷(xiang)“、“洞(dong)溪(xi)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)河(he)(he)(he)”等(deng)多樣的(de)(de)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)風(feng)貌。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)清綠幽寂，水(shui)質清純(chun)。二(er)是地(di)(di)(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)呈現(xian)出(chu)典型的(de)(de)喀斯特地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。山(shan)(shan)峰層(ceng)巒(luan)疊嶂，形(xing)態各異；峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)壁立千仞(ren)，怪石嶙峋；島嶼點(dian)綴其(qi)中(zhong)，風(feng)光(guang)(guang)秀麗；溶洞(dong)群(qun)迂回(hui)曲(qu)折，巧(qiao)奪天(tian)(tian)工(gong)。主要地(di)(di)(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括：小溪(xi)槽天(tian)(tian)坑、黑河(he)(he)(he)峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)、鹽(yan)井壩(ba)(ba)島、天(tian)(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)橋以及(ji)馬尾洞(dong)、犀牛洞(dong)、仙人(ren)洞(dong)等(deng)溶洞(dong)群(qun)。呈現(xian)出(chu)雄偉、險峻(jun)、隱蔽、幽深的(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)美(mei)學(xue)特征，與廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)營造(zao)出(chu)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)-峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)-平湖(hu)(hu)(hu)（河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)）融(rong)為(wei)一(yi)體的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三(san)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)岸(an)藤蘿懸(xuan)掛、鴛(yuan)鴦(yang)戲(xi)水(shui)、野猴嬉戲(xi)，水(shui)鳥飛鳴，具有(you)(you)結構完善、功能協同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)-森(sen)(sen)林復合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)。據調查(cha)統(tong)計，濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)周邊(bian)區域(yu)(yu)分(fen)布有(you)(you)維管植(zhi)物(wu)53目(mu)，120科，252屬(shu)，331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)銀杏、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)柔毛(mao)油杉。同(tong)(tong)時，濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)214種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)5綱29目(mu)73科；其(qi)中(zhong)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、列(lie)(lie)入《國(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)益的(de)(de)或者(zhe)有(you)(you)重要經(jing)濟、科學(xue)研究價值(zhi)的(de)(de)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)動物(wu)達86種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這些豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)給白鷺(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)建設帶來了良好的(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)基礎(chu)，一(yi)年(nian)四季景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)色怡人(ren)，可以提(ti)供人(ren)們(men)鳥類觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)賞、科普教育、休閑娛樂等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)旅游觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)項目(mu)。四是天(tian)(tian)象(xiang)與氣候景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：在波光(guang)(guang)粼粼的(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面上(shang)乘坐游船觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)賞著白鷺(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)夕(xi)陽西(xi)下(xia)，體驗夕(xi)陽下(xia)滿載(zai)收(shou)獲的(de)(de)漁船歸港；屹立于白鷺(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)上(shang)，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)看(kan)一(yi)泄數十(shi)米的(de)(de)水(shui)汽煙(yan)云(yun)；白鷺(lu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)靜(jing)靜(jing)的(de)(de)流(liu)淌在群(qun)山(shan)(shan)當(dang)中(zhong)，如(ru)遇上(shang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面上(shang)淡淡薄(bo)霧，兩(liang)岸(an)美(mei)麗景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)色帶著些許朦朧，讓人(ren)暇思(si)聯翩。

文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)資源(yuan)：貴州思南(nan)白鷺(lu)湖(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)所在的(de)(de)思南(nan)縣歷史悠久(jiu)，素有(you)“先思南(nan)后貴州”一(yi)說，是(shi)(shi)中原文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)向西南(nan)滲透的(de)(de)重要地(di)(di)(di)(di)區，也是(shi)(shi)中原文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)與西南(nan)少數民(min)族文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)相融合的(de)(de)交接地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，形成了(le)思南(nan)獨特(te)(te)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域民(min)族文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)。同(tong)時濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)處于(yu)綿延縱橫的(de)(de)黃金水道烏(wu)江之上(shang)，烏(wu)江更是(shi)(shi)一(yi)條連接長(chang)江流域、云貴高原、巴(ba)蜀地(di)(di)(di)(di)區和湘西的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)紐帶(dai)，流域內文(wen)(wen)(wen)物古跡(ji)遍布，民(min)族文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)風情濃郁，多元文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流碰撞，孕育了(le)獨具(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)（烏(wu)江）文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)。