地理環境
地理位置
烏蘭布和沙漠地處內蒙古阿(a)拉善(shan)盟和巴彥(yan)淖爾盟境內。北至(zhi)狼(lang)山,東近黃河,南至(zhi)賀蘭山麓,西至(zhi)吉(ji)蘭泰鹽池,總面積約1萬平方公(gong)里。是阿(a)拉善(shan)沙漠的東北部(bu),在銀額(e)盆(pen)地東北底部(bu)。
屬中(zhong)溫帶(dai)干(gan)(gan)旱氣(qi)候,干(gan)(gan)旱少雨,晝夜溫差大,季風強勁。沙漠(mo)南部(bu)多流沙,中(zhong)部(bu)多壟崗形沙丘(qiu),北(bei)部(bu)多固定和半(ban)固定沙丘(qiu)。
氣候條件
氣(qi)(qi)候終(zhong)年(nian)為(wei)西風(feng)(feng)(feng)環流控制,屬(shu)中溫(wen)(wen)帶典型的大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候,降(jiang)水(shui)稀(xi)少,年(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)102.9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)大年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)150.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)年(nian)水(shui)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)公33.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),年(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.8℃,絕(jue)對(dui)最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39℃,絕(jue)對(dui)最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-29.6℃,年(nian)均蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)2258.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),無霜期(qi)168天,光(guang)照3181小(xiao)時,太陽輻(fu)射(she)150千卡/平方厘米(mi)(mi),大于10℃的有效積溫(wen)(wen)?3289.1℃,終(zhong)年(nian)盛行西南風(feng)(feng)(feng),主要害(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)西北風(feng)(feng)(feng),風(feng)(feng)(feng)勢強烈,年(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速4.1m/s,風(feng)(feng)(feng)沙危害(hai)(hai)為(wei)主要自(zi)然(ran)災害(hai)(hai),但光(guang)熱資源豐富,發(fa)展農業具有潛(qian)在優勢。
地質水文
就大(da)地(di)(di)形來說,屬于(yu)(yu)阿拉善高原之(zhi)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平原,海拔1050m,在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構造上是(shi)一個斷陷(xian)盆地(di)(di),為(wei)細沙及(ji)(ji)粘土狀第四之(zhi)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)—湖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)所覆蓋,其(qi)上為(wei)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、淤(yu)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和風積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu),多(duo)為(wei)高低不等(deng)3-10米的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動、半固(gu)定、固(gu)定沙丘、平緩沙地(di)(di)及(ji)(ji)丘間(jian)低地(di)(di)相互交錯呈復區分布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型。黃河(he)自南向北(bei)流經(jing)磴(deng)口縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)東南端,磴(deng)口綠州的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)勢自東南向西北(bei)傾斜(xie),海拔大(da)體在(zai)(zai)1048—1053m之(zhi)間(jian)。而烏蘭布(bu)和沙漠(mo)整個地(di)(di)勢都低于(yu)(yu)黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)面,有(you)引黃灌溉(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件,從而彌補(bu)了降雨少,蒸(zheng)發大(da),干(gan)旱缺(que)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不利(li)因(yin)素。且地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)埋(mai)深淺5-8米,淺層水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐(feng)富,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao)宜于(yu)(yu)灌溉(gai)。據內蒙古河(he)套總局勘測資(zi)料,淺層承壓(ya)(ya)、半承壓(ya)(ya)水(shui)(shui)極為(wei)豐(feng)富,有(you)100米含水(shui)(shui)層,總儲量為(wei)57億立方米,而且水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao),是(shi)堅(jian)持排(pai)灌的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)源。
形成
干旱和風
沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個主要原因,就(jiu)是干旱和(he)(he)風。加上人們濫伐森林樹木,破(po)壞(huai)草(cao)原,令土地(di)(di)表面(mian)(mian)失(shi)去了植物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)便因而形(xing)成(cheng)。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng),除了干旱氣候(hou)條件與濫伐森林樹木,破(po)壞(huai)草(cao)原外,還(huan)要有(you)(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)物(wu)質來(lai)源,它們多(duo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在沉(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)豐厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)內陸山(shan)間盆地(di)(di)和(he)(he)剝(bo)蝕高原面(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)洼(wa)地(di)(di)和(he)(he)低平地(di)(di)上。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源有(you)(you)來(lai)自古(gu)代(dai)或(huo)現(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)沉(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細粒物(wu)質。如(ru)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)克拉瑪干沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)和(he)(he)古(gu)爾(er)班(ban)通(tong)古(gu)特沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源于(yu)古(gu)河(he)流沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu);騰格里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)、毛烏素沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)和(he)(he)小騰格里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分(fen)(fen)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源于(yu)古(gu)代(dai)與現(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)和(he)(he)湖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu);塔(ta)里木河(he)中(zhong)游和(he)(he)庫爾(er)勒西(xi)南滑干河(he)下游的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)都(dou)來(lai)自現(xian)代(dai)河(he)流沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu);烏蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和(he)(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)和(he)(he)賀蘭(lan)(lan)山(shan)、 狼(lang)山(shan)-巴(ba)音烏拉山(shan)前地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來(lai)源于(yu)洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)-沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu) ;鄂(e)爾(er)多(duo)斯(si)中(zhong)西(xi)部高地(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來(lai)源于(yu)基巖(yan)風化的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)。
自然地理
烏(wu)蘭布和沙漠(mo)(mo)位(wei)于內(nei)蒙古(gu)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu),是華西(xi)(xi)和西(xi)(xi)北(bei)的接合(he)部(bu)(bu),地(di)處我國西(xi)(xi)北(bei)荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)和半(ban)荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)的前沿地(di)帶,地(di)理區域(yu)為東經106°09′-106°57′,北(bei)緯
39°16′-40°57′之間(jian)。東北(bei)部以(yi)河(he)套綠州(zhou)為(wei)界(jie),西部以(yi)阿(a)拉善左旗的(de)吉(ji)蘭泰—圖庫(ku)木公路(lu)為(wei)界(jie),西北(bei)部以(yi)狼山(shan)為(wei)界(jie),東至(zhi)黃河(he),南至(zhi)賀(he)蘭山(shan),總面(mian)積129,8平方千米,是我國的(de)主要沙漠之一(yi)。
基礎設施
早在50年代(dai)后(hou)期至60年代(dai),中國科(ke)學院(yuan)組(zu)織的沙(sha)漠(mo)考(kao)察曾在磴口(kou)設(she)點,并(bing)組(zu)建巴盟治(zhi)沙(sha)綜(zong)合試驗站(zhan),為(wei)開展沙(sha)漠(mo)綜(zong)合治(zhi)理研究積(ji)累(lei)了大量資料(liao),并(bing)在全(quan)國的沙(sha)漠(mo)治(zhi)理與開發研究中處于領先地(di)位(wei)。
中(zhong)國林(lin)科院(yuan)沙(sha)漠林(lin)中(zhong)心(xin)自(zi)1979年成立以(yi)來(lai),在烏蘭布(bu)和沙(sha)漠東北部(bu)一直從(cong)事以(yi)林(lin)為(wei)主的(de)區域生態治理與開發(fa),具(ju)有長(chang)期工(gong)作(zuo)基(ji)礎(chu),設施完善,水(shui)(shui)電林(lin)渠路配套,科技(ji)(ji)人(ren)員素質較高,年富力(li)強,觀測輔助人(ren)員操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)熟練(lian),技(ji)(ji)術全(quan)面。1982年起,先后(hou)在綠(lv)洲外圍荒(huang)漠區,綠(lv)洲邊緣區,綠(lv)洲林(lin)網中(zhong)心(xin)區建立地(di)面氣(qi)象(xiang)站3座,觀測內(nei)容有氣(qi)溫、地(di)溫、風速、風向、濕度、蒸發(fa)量(liang)、降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)、日照(zhao)時數、大(da)氣(qi)降塵、太陽輻射。臺站儀器配置按國家基(ji)層地(di)面站規范(fan)執行。部(bu)分項目配備自(zi)動(dong)記錄(lu)裝置。目前有兩(liang)個(ge)站一直連續(xu)工(gong)作(zuo),積累了大(da)量(liang)的(de)觀測數據(ju)(ju),建立了具(ju)有40多萬觀測數據(ju)(ju)的(de)信(xin)息數據(ju)(ju)庫。12眼地(di)下水(shui)(shui)動(dong)態監測井。土(tu)壤與水(shui)(shui)分化驗室,常規儀器齊全(quan)、人(ren)員固定、操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)(ji)術熟練(lian),對(dui)試區內(nei)的(de)土(tu)壤和水(shui)(shui)分進行長(chang)期分析,積累了大(da)量(liang)數據(ju)(ju),還具(ju)有AST-386,AST-486微機2臺,并有專人(ren)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo),為(wei)建立荒(huang)漠生態信(xin)息數據(ju)(ju)庫提(ti)供了便利。
沙漠惡化
據烏(wu)海(hai)(hai)市(shi)林業局(ju)有(you)關負責(ze)人介紹(shao),近(jin)40年(nian)來,由(you)于(yu)自然(ran)氣(qi)候變(bian)暖和(he)人為破壞的(de)雙重原因,烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)(dong)進南移的(de)擴展(zhan)速度非常驚人。據有(you)關資(zi)料記載,上世(shi)紀60年(nian)代初,烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)(dong)部邊緣(yuan)距烏(wu)海(hai)(hai)尚(shang)有(you)近(jin)30公里(li)。而此(ci)后不到40年(nian),烏(wu)達區已經有(you)近(jin)1/3的(de)土地被烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)吞(tun)沒。烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)(dong)部邊緣(yuan)已經由(you)黃河(he)西岸的(de)阿拉善盟(meng)擴展(zhan)到黃河(he)東(dong)(dong)岸海(hai)(hai)勃灣區,侵蝕面積近(jin)100平方公里(li),而且全(quan)部形成了新月型和(he)半(ban)月型的(de)流動沙(sha)丘,有(you)的(de)沙(sha)丘的(de)相對高度竟達50多(duo)米。
烏(wu)蘭布和沙漠的迅速推(tui)進(jin),已(yi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響了周(zhou)邊地(di)區人們(men)的日常生活(huo)。根據自(zi)治區第三次(ci)荒漠化(hua)(hua)、沙化(hua)(hua)土(tu)地(di)監測報告(gao),烏(wu)海市的荒漠化(hua)(hua)、沙化(hua)(hua)面(mian)積占全市國土(tu)總面(mian)積的比例高達(da)80.12%。嚴(yan)重(zhong)的荒漠化(hua)(hua)和沙化(hua)(hua),導致了烏(wu)海自(zi)然生態環境惡劣,年均降水量(liang)不足160毫(hao)米(mi)(2005年僅有81.5毫(hao)米(mi)),而蒸發量(liang)卻(que)高達(da)3500毫(hao)米(mi);沙塵(chen)天(tian)氣、沙塵(chen)暴頻發,日均風速大于(yu)3米(mi)/秒的日數(shu)最(zui)多(duo)達(da)到301天(tian)。烏(wu)海市已(yi)成為內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治區乃至(zhi)中國沙化(hua)(hua)最(zui)為嚴(yan)重(zhong)的城市之一。
解放(fang)后(hou),開(kai)始了(le)大規(gui)模的(de)治理,在蹬口縣二十里柳子至(zhi)杭錦后(hou)旗太陽廟一線,營造一條(tiao)寬300-400米(mi),長175公里的(de)防風(feng)固(gu)沙(sha)林(lin)帶,林(lin)帶兩側5公里為封沙(sha)育草區,控制了(le)沙(sha)漠(mo)東(dong)移。沙(sha)漠(mo)內除種(zhong)樹種(zhong)草外,還開(kai)辟出20余萬畝耕地,主要種(zhong)植小麥、玉米(mi)、甜萊、葵花籽及各種(zhong)瓜(gua)類。烏蘭布和沙(sha)漠(mo)日照豐富,可以引黃河(he)水自流灌溉,湖池廣布,有發展農、牧、林(lin)、漁業的(de)良好條(tiao)件(jian)。
植被特征
烏蘭(lan)布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)(mo)植(zhi)被隸(li)屬(shu)亞(ya)非荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)(mo)植(zhi)物(wu)區,亞(ya)洲中部區,阿拉(la)善省,東阿拉(la)善洲。阿拉(la)善荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)(mo)省的(de)東界就(jiu)在烏蘭(lan)布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)東緣,也就(jiu)是(shi)亞(ya)洲中部荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)(mo)區與草原(yuan)區的(de)分(fen)界線,而且是(shi)極為重要的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)地理學分(fen)界線。
植物(wu)地(di)(di)理成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)古(gu)老而種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)貧乏,以(yi)蒙古(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),戈壁(bi)--蒙古(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),戈壁(bi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)及古(gu)地(di)(di)中海區系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)荒漠(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)占主導地(di)(di)位,世界(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與與泛北極區系(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)十(shi)分(fen)貧乏。據(ju)初(chu)步采集與統計,烏蘭布和(he)沙漠(mo)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植物(wu)312種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)49科169屬(shu),戈壁(bi)區系(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)中一些地(di)(di)方(fang)性(xing)(xing)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)和(he)寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)(shi)作用十(shi)分(fen)顯著(zhu)。灌木、半灌木占絕對優勢(shi)(shi)。烏蘭布和(he)沙漠(mo)植物(wu)基(ji)本上都是(shi)沙生(sheng)、旱生(sheng)、鹽生(sheng)類(lei)灌木和(he)小(xiao)灌木組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),這(zhe)些植物(wu)對當(dang)地(di)(di)生(sheng)境(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)極強(qiang)的(de)(de)適應性(xing)(xing)和(he)抗逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)。
肉蓯蓉生產基地
正(zheng)是沙(sha)漠(mo)梭梭林營造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳季(ji)(ji)節(jie),也(ye)是沙(sha)漠(mo)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金季(ji)(ji)節(jie),預計磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和人(ren)工(gong)梭梭林的(de)(de)(de)(de)營造(zao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)將達到(dao)(dao)10000畝(mu)以(yi)(yi)上(shang),肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)栽培(pei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)進(jin)(jin)入快速(su)擴(kuo)張(zhang)時(shi)期,將達到(dao)(dao)3000畝(mu)。據(ju)了解,烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠(mo)延(yan)伸巴彥淖爾(er)市磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)達425萬(wan)畝(mu),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)地總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)68.3%,極具發(fa)展沙(sha)、草產業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)優勢。巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)需求(qiu)使開(kai)發(fa)和種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)梭梭接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)紛(fen)至沓來。僅今(jin)年(nian),磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)就有(you)(you)12家企業(ye)(ye)在烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠(mo)發(fa)展肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產業(ye)(ye)。目前(qian),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)展肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)已(yi)達到(dao)(dao)19家。肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),又(you)名(ming)大(da)蕓,是一種(zhong)(zhong)沙(sha)生寄(ji)生植(zhi)物,也(ye)是一種(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)藥(yao)材。被(bei)人(ren)們(men)稱為(wei)“沙(sha)漠(mo)人(ren)參”。2004年(nian),磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在梭梭根(gen)部(bu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)驗成功(gong),2005年(nian),磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)又(you)在紅柳根(gen)部(bu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)驗獲得成功(gong)。目前(qian),磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)梭梭、紅柳接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)技(ji)術從實(shi)驗轉向推(tui)廣應用(yong)。據(ju)介紹(shao),一畝(mu)當年(nian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),次年(nian)可采肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)330公(gong)斤,以(yi)(yi)現行(xing)市場(chang)價計算,畝(mu)收入3300元左右。據(ju)有(you)(you)關專家介紹(shao),目前(qian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)只有(you)(you)新(xin)疆個(ge)別地區(qu)和內蒙古阿(a)拉善、烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)區(qu)大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)人(ren)工(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)育,并(bing)開(kai)始由實(shi)驗階段轉向推(tui)廣階段。據(ju)磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)協(xie)會介紹(shao),今(jin)年(nian)截至目前(qian),該協(xie)會已(yi)經接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)到(dao)(dao)總數為(wei)120噸的(de)(de)(de)(de)干肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)訂(ding)單。而全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)總產量只有(you)(you)區(qu)區(qu)1噸。為(wei)此,磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)今(jin)年(nian)提出了大(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)推(tui)廣肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產業(ye)(ye),建(jian)設30萬(wan)畝(mu)人(ren)工(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)構想。屆時(shi),磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)將成為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)生產基地。
綠化情況
據巴(ba)彥淖爾市林(lin)業局統(tong)(tong)計,2005年(nian)—2007年(nian)三(san)年(nian)間(jian)(jian),烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠每年(nian)增綠10萬(wan)畝。2005年(nian),巴(ba)彥淖爾市率(lv)先在烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠推(tui)出冷藏苗(miao)避(bi)風造(zao)(zao)林(lin)新技術(shu),造(zao)(zao)林(lin)時間(jian)(jian)從過去的4月份(fen)延(yan)長到(dao)9月份(fen),延(yan)長期達(da)(da)5個月,變一季度造(zao)(zao)林(lin)為三(san)季造(zao)(zao)林(lin),同時先后推(tui)廣了柴草網格(ge)、高(gao)壓(ya)水打孔植(zhi)苗(miao)、深(shen)坑(keng)栽植(zhi)、開溝栽植(zhi)等20多(duo)項治沙(sha)先進技術(shu),極大地提(ti)高(gao)了造(zao)(zao)林(lin)成活率(lv)。據統(tong)(tong)計,2005年(nian)—2007年(nian)三(san)年(nian)間(jian)(jian),烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠每年(nian)增綠10萬(wan)畝,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)由九十(shi)年(nian)代末的4.5%提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)現在的15.3%,治沙(sha)面積(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)了120萬(wan)畝,有效改(gai)善(shan)了沙(sha)區(qu)生態(tai)環境。
點沙成土
內蒙古烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙漠是(shi)我國八大沙漠之(zhi)一,總面(mian)積(ji)約1萬(wan)平方公(gong)里(li),在(zai)(zai)蒙古語中(zhong),“烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和”意指“紅(hong)色(se)的(de)公(gong)牛”。從2016年開(kai)始(shi),重慶交通大學教授易(yi)志堅帶領科(ke)研(yan)團隊在(zai)(zai)這片土地開(kai)始(shi)播種“綠色(se)”。他(ta)們研(yan)制出一種植物性(xing)纖維黏合材(cai)料(liao),將其混入沙中(zhong),使(shi)沙子(zi)擁有和土壤(rang)類似的(de)涵養(yang)水分和營養(yang)的(de)能力,從而(er)造(zao)出一片綠洲。
2016年,研究團(tuan)隊(dui)在烏蘭布和開展(zhan)了25畝沙漠(mo)地種植試驗。從2017年開始(shi),研究團(tuan)隊(dui)已開展(zhan)4000畝的種植試驗。