地理環境
地理位置
烏蘭布和(he)沙漠地處內蒙(meng)古阿拉善(shan)盟和(he)巴彥淖爾盟境內。北至(zhi)狼(lang)山(shan),東近(jin)黃河,南至(zhi)賀蘭山(shan)麓(lu),西至(zhi)吉蘭泰鹽池,總面積約1萬平方公里(li)。是阿拉善(shan)沙漠的東北部,在銀額盆地東北底(di)部。
屬(shu)中(zhong)溫帶干旱氣候(hou),干旱少雨,晝夜溫差大(da),季風強勁。沙漠南(nan)部多(duo)流沙,中(zhong)部多(duo)壟(long)崗形(xing)沙丘,北部多(duo)固(gu)定和(he)半(ban)固(gu)定沙丘。
氣候條件
氣(qi)候(hou)終年(nian)為西風環流控(kong)制,屬中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶典(dian)型(xing)的大陸性氣(qi)候(hou),降水(shui)(shui)稀少,年(nian)平均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)102.9毫(hao)米,最(zui)(zui)大年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)150.3毫(hao)米,最(zui)(zui)小年(nian)水(shui)(shui)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)公33.3毫(hao)米,年(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.8℃,絕對最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39℃,絕對最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-29.6℃,年(nian)均蒸發量(liang)2258.8毫(hao)米,無霜期168天,光照3181小時(shi),太陽輻射150千卡(ka)/平方厘米,大于10℃的有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)?3289.1℃,終年(nian)盛行西南風,主(zhu)要(yao)害風為西北風,風勢(shi)強(qiang)烈,年(nian)均風速4.1m/s,風沙危害為主(zhu)要(yao)自然(ran)災害,但光熱(re)資源(yuan)豐富,發展農業具有(you)潛在優(you)勢(shi)。
地質水文
就大地(di)(di)形(xing)來說,屬(shu)于阿(a)拉善高(gao)(gao)原之(zhi)(zhi)沖積(ji)(ji)平原,海拔1050m,在地(di)(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造上(shang)(shang)是一(yi)個(ge)(ge)斷陷盆地(di)(di),為細(xi)沙(sha)(sha)及(ji)粘土狀第(di)四之(zhi)(zhi)沖積(ji)(ji)—湖(hu)積(ji)(ji)物(wu)所覆(fu)蓋,其(qi)上(shang)(shang)為沖積(ji)(ji)、淤積(ji)(ji)和(he)風積(ji)(ji)物(wu),多為高(gao)(gao)低(di)不等3-10米的(de)(de)流(liu)動、半(ban)固定、固定沙(sha)(sha)丘、平緩(huan)沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)及(ji)丘間低(di)地(di)(di)相(xiang)互交錯呈復區分(fen)布的(de)(de)地(di)(di)貌類型。黃河自南(nan)向(xiang)北流(liu)經(jing)磴口(kou)縣的(de)(de)東南(nan)端,磴口(kou)綠州(zhou)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)勢(shi)自東南(nan)向(xiang)西北傾斜,海拔大體在1048—1053m之(zhi)(zhi)間。而烏蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)整個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)勢(shi)都低(di)于黃河水(shui)(shui)面,有引黃灌溉的(de)(de)條件,從而彌(mi)補了降雨(yu)少,蒸發(fa)大,干旱缺水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)不利因素。且(qie)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)埋深淺(qian)5-8米,淺(qian)層水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu)(fu),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好宜于灌溉。據內(nei)蒙古河套(tao)總局勘(kan)測資(zi)料,淺(qian)層承壓、半(ban)承壓水(shui)(shui)極為豐富(fu)(fu),有100米含水(shui)(shui)層,總儲量為57億立方米,而且(qie)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好,是堅持排灌的(de)(de)優質(zhi)水(shui)(shui)源。
形成
干旱和風
沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)兩個主要(yao)原(yuan)因,就(jiu)是(shi)干(gan)旱和(he)(he)風(feng)。加上人們濫伐森林(lin)樹木,破壞草原(yuan),令土地(di)(di)表面(mian)失(shi)去(qu)了(le)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)覆(fu)蓋,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)便因而形(xing)成。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成,除了(le)干(gan)旱氣(qi)候條件與濫伐森林(lin)樹木,破壞草原(yuan)外(wai),還要(yao)有豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)物(wu)質來源(yuan),它們多分布在沉積(ji)物(wu)豐(feng)厚的(de)(de)(de)內陸山間盆地(di)(di)和(he)(he)剝蝕(shi)高原(yuan)面(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)洼地(di)(di)和(he)(he)低平地(di)(di)上。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)有來自(zi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)或現(xian)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)各種沉積(ji)物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)細粒物(wu)質。如中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)克拉瑪干(gan)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)和(he)(he)古(gu)爾(er)班通古(gu)特沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)于(yu)古(gu)河流沖積(ji)物(wu);騰(teng)格里(li)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)、毛烏素沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)和(he)(he)小騰(teng)格里(li)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)(de)大部分沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)于(yu)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)與現(xian)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)沖積(ji)物(wu)和(he)(he)湖(hu)積(ji)物(wu);塔(ta)里(li)木河中(zhong)游和(he)(he)庫爾(er)勒西(xi)南滑干(gan)河下游的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)都來自(zi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)河流沖積(ji)物(wu);烏蘭布和(he)(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)和(he)(he)賀蘭山、 狼山-巴音烏拉山前(qian)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來源(yuan)于(yu)洪積(ji)-沖積(ji)物(wu) ;鄂爾(er)多斯(si)中(zhong)西(xi)部高地(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來源(yuan)于(yu)基巖風(feng)化的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)積(ji)物(wu)。
自然地理
烏(wu)蘭布和沙漠(mo)(mo)位于內蒙古西(xi)(xi)部,是(shi)華西(xi)(xi)和西(xi)(xi)北的(de)(de)接合部,地(di)(di)處我國(guo)西(xi)(xi)北荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)和半荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)前沿地(di)(di)帶,地(di)(di)理區域(yu)為(wei)東經(jing)106°09′-106°57′,北緯
39°16′-40°57′之間(jian)。東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)以(yi)河套綠州為(wei)界,西部(bu)以(yi)阿拉善左旗(qi)的吉(ji)蘭泰(tai)—圖庫木公(gong)路(lu)為(wei)界,西北(bei)部(bu)以(yi)狼(lang)山為(wei)界,東(dong)至黃河,南至賀蘭山,總面積129,8平(ping)方千米,是我國(guo)的主要沙漠之一。
基礎設施
早在(zai)50年代(dai)后(hou)期至60年代(dai),中國科學院組織的沙(sha)漠(mo)考察曾在(zai)磴口(kou)設點,并組建巴(ba)盟治沙(sha)綜合試驗(yan)站,為開(kai)展沙(sha)漠(mo)綜合治理(li)研究(jiu)積累了(le)大量資料,并在(zai)全國的沙(sha)漠(mo)治理(li)與開(kai)發研究(jiu)中處于領(ling)先地位。
中(zhong)國林(lin)科(ke)院沙漠林(lin)中(zhong)心自1979年成立以來,在(zai)烏蘭布(bu)和沙漠東(dong)北部一直從事以林(lin)為主的(de)區域生態(tai)治(zhi)理與(yu)開(kai)發(fa),具(ju)有(you)長(chang)期工作基礎,設施完善,水(shui)(shui)電林(lin)渠(qu)路(lu)配套,科(ke)技(ji)人員(yuan)素質(zhi)較高,年富力強,觀測輔助人員(yuan)操作熟(shu)(shu)練(lian),技(ji)術全面。1982年起,先后在(zai)綠(lv)洲(zhou)外圍荒漠區,綠(lv)洲(zhou)邊緣區,綠(lv)洲(zhou)林(lin)網(wang)中(zhong)心區建(jian)立地(di)面氣象站(zhan)3座,觀測內容有(you)氣溫、地(di)溫、風(feng)速(su)、風(feng)向、濕度、蒸發(fa)量(liang)、降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)、日(ri)照時數、大(da)氣降塵、太(tai)陽(yang)輻射。臺(tai)站(zhan)儀器(qi)(qi)配置按國家(jia)基層地(di)面站(zhan)規(gui)范執行(xing)。部分項(xiang)目配備自動記(ji)錄(lu)裝(zhuang)置。目前(qian)有(you)兩個站(zhan)一直連續工作,積(ji)累了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)觀測數據(ju)(ju)(ju),建(jian)立了(le)(le)具(ju)有(you)40多(duo)萬觀測數據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)信息數據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫。12眼(yan)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)動態(tai)監測井。土壤與(yu)水(shui)(shui)分化驗室,常規(gui)儀器(qi)(qi)齊全、人員(yuan)固(gu)定、操作技(ji)術熟(shu)(shu)練(lian),對試(shi)區內的(de)土壤和水(shui)(shui)分進行(xing)長(chang)期分析,積(ji)累了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)數據(ju)(ju)(ju),還(huan)具(ju)有(you)AST-386,AST-486微機2臺(tai),并有(you)專人操作,為建(jian)立荒漠生態(tai)信息數據(ju)(ju)(ju)庫提供了(le)(le)便利(li)。
沙漠惡化
據烏海(hai)市林業(ye)局(ju)有關(guan)負責人介紹,近(jin)40年(nian)來,由于自然氣候(hou)變暖和(he)(he)(he)人為破壞的(de)(de)雙重原(yuan)因,烏蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和(he)(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)(dong)進南移的(de)(de)擴(kuo)展(zhan)速度非常驚人。據有關(guan)資料記(ji)載,上世紀60年(nian)代(dai)初,烏蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和(he)(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)(dong)部邊緣(yuan)距(ju)烏海(hai)尚有近(jin)30公(gong)里。而此后(hou)不到40年(nian),烏達區已經(jing)有近(jin)1/3的(de)(de)土地被(bei)烏蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和(he)(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)吞沒。烏蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和(he)(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)(dong)部邊緣(yuan)已經(jing)由黃河西(xi)岸(an)的(de)(de)阿(a)拉善盟擴(kuo)展(zhan)到黃河東(dong)(dong)岸(an)海(hai)勃(bo)灣區,侵蝕面積(ji)近(jin)100平方公(gong)里,而且全部形成了新月(yue)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)半月(yue)型(xing)的(de)(de)流動沙(sha)丘(qiu),有的(de)(de)沙(sha)丘(qiu)的(de)(de)相對高度竟(jing)達50多米。
烏蘭布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)迅速推進(jin),已(yi)嚴重(zhong)影響了周邊地區(qu)人(ren)們的(de)日(ri)常生活。根據自(zi)治區(qu)第三次荒漠(mo)化(hua)、沙(sha)(sha)化(hua)土地監測報告,烏海市(shi)(shi)的(de)荒漠(mo)化(hua)、沙(sha)(sha)化(hua)面積占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)國土總(zong)面積的(de)比例高達80.12%。嚴重(zhong)的(de)荒漠(mo)化(hua)和沙(sha)(sha)化(hua),導致了烏海自(zi)然生態環境惡(e)劣,年均降水量不足160毫米(mi)(mi)(2005年僅(jin)有81.5毫米(mi)(mi)),而蒸(zheng)發量卻高達3500毫米(mi)(mi);沙(sha)(sha)塵天氣、沙(sha)(sha)塵暴頻發,日(ri)均風速大于3米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)的(de)日(ri)數最多達到(dao)301天。烏海市(shi)(shi)已(yi)成為(wei)內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)乃至(zhi)中國沙(sha)(sha)化(hua)最為(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)城市(shi)(shi)之一。
解放(fang)后,開(kai)始了大規(gui)模的(de)(de)治理,在(zai)蹬口縣二十里(li)柳子至杭錦后旗太陽廟一(yi)線,營造一(yi)條寬300-400米,長(chang)175公里(li)的(de)(de)防(fang)風固(gu)沙(sha)林(lin)帶,林(lin)帶兩側5公里(li)為封(feng)沙(sha)育草(cao)區(qu),控制了沙(sha)漠(mo)東移(yi)。沙(sha)漠(mo)內除種樹種草(cao)外,還開(kai)辟出20余萬畝耕(geng)地,主要種植小(xiao)麥、玉米、甜(tian)萊(lai)、葵花(hua)籽及(ji)各(ge)種瓜(gua)類。烏(wu)蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)日照豐富(fu),可(ke)以引黃河水自流灌溉,湖池廣布,有發展農、牧、林(lin)、漁業(ye)的(de)(de)良好(hao)條件。
植被特征
烏(wu)蘭布和沙漠的荒漠植被隸屬亞非荒漠植物區(qu),亞洲中部(bu)區(qu),阿(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)省(sheng),東(dong)阿(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)洲。阿(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)荒漠省(sheng)的東(dong)界就在烏(wu)蘭布和沙漠的東(dong)緣,也(ye)就是亞洲中部(bu)荒漠區(qu)與草原區(qu)的分(fen)(fen)界線,而且是極為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)的植物地理學分(fen)(fen)界線。
植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)地(di)(di)理(li)成分古老而種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類貧(pin)乏,以蒙古種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),戈(ge)壁--蒙古種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),戈(ge)壁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以及古地(di)(di)中(zhong)海(hai)區(qu)系的(de)荒漠成分占主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)(di)位,世界種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)與(yu)泛(fan)北極區(qu)系成分十分貧(pin)乏。據(ju)初步采集與(yu)統計,烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠境內共(gong)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)312種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)(shu)49科169屬(shu)(shu),戈(ge)壁區(qu)系成分中(zhong)一(yi)些(xie)地(di)(di)方性特有(you)的(de)單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)和寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)優勢作用(yong)十分顯著。灌木、半(ban)灌木占絕對優勢。烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)基本上都是沙(sha)生(sheng)、旱生(sheng)、鹽生(sheng)類灌木和小灌木組成,這些(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)對當地(di)(di)生(sheng)境有(you)極強的(de)適應性和抗逆性。
肉蓯蓉生產基地
正(zheng)是(shi)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)林營造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳季節(jie),也是(shi)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金季節(jie),預計(ji)磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)人工梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)林的(de)(de)(de)(de)營造(zao)面積將達(da)到(dao)10000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)以上,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)栽培(pei)面積進(jin)(jin)入快速擴張時期,將達(da)到(dao)3000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。據(ju)了解,烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)延(yan)伸(shen)巴彥(yan)淖爾市磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)總面積達(da)425萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu),占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)土地(di)總面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)68.3%,極(ji)具發展(zhan)沙(sha)(sha)、草產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域優勢。巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)使開發和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)紛至沓來(lai)。僅(jin)今年(nian),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就有12家(jia)(jia)企業(ye)(ye)在(zai)烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)發展(zhan)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)。目(mu)前,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發展(zhan)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)已達(da)到(dao)19家(jia)(jia)。肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),又名(ming)大蕓,是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沙(sha)(sha)生寄生植(zhi)物,也是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)中藥材。被(bei)人們稱為(wei)“沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)人參”。2004年(nian),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)根部(bu)(bu)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)成功(gong),2005年(nian),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)又在(zai)紅柳根部(bu)(bu)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)獲得(de)成功(gong)。目(mu)前,磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)、紅柳接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)技(ji)術(shu)從(cong)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)轉向推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)。據(ju)介(jie)紹(shao),一畝(mu)(mu)(mu)當年(nian)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),次(ci)年(nian)可采肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)330公斤,以現行市場(chang)價計(ji)算,畝(mu)(mu)(mu)收入3300元(yuan)左右。據(ju)有關專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)介(jie)紹(shao),目(mu)前全(quan)(quan)國只有新(xin)疆個(ge)別地(di)區和(he)內(nei)蒙古阿(a)拉善、烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)區大面積進(jin)(jin)行肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)人工接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)育,并(bing)開始由實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)階段轉向推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)階段。據(ju)磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)協會介(jie)紹(shao),今年(nian)截至目(mu)前,該協會已經接(jie)(jie)到(dao)總數為(wei)120噸(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)訂單(dan)。而(er)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)總產(chan)量只有區區1噸(dun)。為(wei)此,磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)今年(nian)提出了大面積推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),建設30萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)人工接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)想(xiang)。屆時,磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)將成為(wei)中國最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)人工接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)生產(chan)基地(di)。
綠化情況
據巴(ba)彥(yan)淖爾市(shi)林業局統計(ji)(ji),2005年—2007年三(san)年間,烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠每(mei)年增(zeng)綠10萬(wan)畝(mu)。2005年,巴(ba)彥(yan)淖爾市(shi)率先在(zai)烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠推(tui)出冷藏苗(miao)避風造(zao)(zao)林新技術,造(zao)(zao)林時間從過去的4月(yue)份延(yan)長(chang)到(dao)9月(yue)份,延(yan)長(chang)期達5個月(yue),變一季度造(zao)(zao)林為三(san)季造(zao)(zao)林,同時先后推(tui)廣了(le)柴草(cao)網格、高壓水打孔植苗(miao)、深(shen)坑栽(zai)植、開溝(gou)栽(zai)植等(deng)20多項(xiang)治沙(sha)先進技術,極大(da)地提(ti)高了(le)造(zao)(zao)林成活(huo)率。據統計(ji)(ji),2005年—2007年三(san)年間,烏(wu)蘭(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)漠每(mei)年增(zeng)綠10萬(wan)畝(mu),森林覆蓋率由九十年代末(mo)的4.5%提(ti)高到(dao)現在(zai)的15.3%,治沙(sha)面積達到(dao)了(le)120萬(wan)畝(mu),有效改善了(le)沙(sha)區生(sheng)態環境。
點沙成土
內蒙古烏蘭布(bu)和(he)沙漠是我國八大沙漠之一(yi),總面(mian)積約(yue)1萬平方公(gong)里,在(zai)蒙古語(yu)中,“烏蘭布(bu)和(he)”意指“紅色的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)牛”。從(cong)2016年開始,重慶交(jiao)通大學教授易志(zhi)堅帶領科(ke)研團隊(dui)在(zai)這片土(tu)(tu)地開始播種“綠(lv)色”。他們研制出一(yi)種植物(wu)性纖維黏合材料,將(jiang)其混入沙中,使沙子擁有和(he)土(tu)(tu)壤類似(si)的(de)(de)(de)涵養水分和(he)營養的(de)(de)(de)能力(li),從(cong)而造(zao)出一(yi)片綠(lv)洲。
2016年(nian),研(yan)究團(tuan)隊(dui)在烏(wu)蘭布和開展了25畝沙(sha)漠(mo)地種植試(shi)驗。從2017年(nian)開始,研(yan)究團(tuan)隊(dui)已(yi)開展4000畝的種植試(shi)驗。