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地質

大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地為塊狀斷裂的(de)(de)中等高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地，一般海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)為1500—— 2100米(mi)，西部的(de)(de)九峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)，可高(gao)達海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)2338米(mi)，相對高(gao)度(du)100——700米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地的(de)(de)基巖(yan)(yan)及(ji)地表(biao)組成物質是(shi)由花崗巖(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan)、片巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)、砂礫巖(yan)(yan)以及(ji)殘積(ji)、坡積(ji)層、洪積(ji)砂礫層構(gou)成。

生態

巖(yan)石(shi)主要由太古代(dai)、元古代(dai)的(de)(de)片(pian)麻巖(yan)、大理(li)巖(yan)、石(shi)英巖(yan)和(he)(he)古生(sheng)代(dai)、中生(sheng)代(dai)的(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)所(suo)組成(cheng)(cheng)。大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南北坡(po)(po)不對稱，北坡(po)(po)平緩， 剝蝕(shi)殘(can)余的(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)和(he)(he)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)交(jiao)(jiao)錯分(fen)布，逐漸與(yu)內蒙古高原(yuan)連在(zai)一起；南坡(po)(po)陡峭，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)構造斷塊地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)，斷層(ceng)崖(ya)被侵蝕(shi)切割，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一系列斷裂(lie)三角(jiao)面，形(xing)(xing)勢險(xian)峻(jun)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)(lu)分(fen)布有侵蝕(shi)殘(can)余的(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)眾多的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝，雨后(hou)洪流破(po)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出(chu)，造成(cheng)(cheng)復(fu)式(shi)帶狀洪積扇裙。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流水侵蝕(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬谷后(hou)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與(yu)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通孔(kong)道。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)氣(qi)溫(wen)較(jiao)低，年均溫(wen)0～4℃，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)(lu)相差(cha)4℃左右(you)，無霜期較(jiao)短，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)100天，比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前生(sheng)長季約短1個月。以(yi)(yi)呼和(he)(he)浩(hao)特和(he)(he)武川(chuan)相比，兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)直線距(ju)離僅(jin)40公里，年降(jiang)水量相差(cha)76毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)屏障(zhang)作用甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明顯(xian)。大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)11.5%。陰坡(po)(po)海拔1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)干草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)；1200 米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上出(chu)現灌叢及(ji)稀疏杜松(song)林(lin)(lin)；1300～1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有油(you)松(song)、 側柏、杜松(song)混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)；1500～2000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有油(you)松(song)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊、遼東櫟混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)和(he)(he)云杉(shan)、白樺(hua)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)及(ji)油(you)松(song)和(he)(he)云杉(shan)純林(lin)(lin)。陽坡(po)(po)1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)干草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)，1800米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)。土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)栗鈣土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)典型棕褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)淋溶褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)土(tu)。北麓(lu)(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)灘川(chuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)水土(tu)條(tiao)件較(jiao) 好，耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)擴(kuo)展很快，上限(xian)已達海拔1850米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前丘陵(ling)和(he)(he)洪積扇地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半農半牧(mu)區。

內蒙古大(da)青(qing)山南(nan)部(bu)濕(shi)地(di)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)共(gong)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)126種(zhong)(zhong)，錄(lu)(lu)屬(shu)于(yu)16目37科74屬(shu)。水鳥(niao)(niao)72種(zhong)(zhong)(57.1%)。候鳥(niao)(niao)共(gong)110種(zhong)(zhong)(87.3%)，其中(zhong)夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)58種(zhong)(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)(niao)52種(zhong)(zhong)。74種(zhong)(zhong)繁殖鳥(niao)(niao)中(zhong)古北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)58種(zhong)(zhong)(78.4%)、東洋種(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)、廣布種(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)，鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)組(zu)成明顯以古北(bei)界成分為主。該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)有國家(jia)重(zhong)點保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)。記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)大(da)青(qing)山南(nan)部(bu)新(xin)分布紀(ji)錄(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)19種(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)地(di)作為一(yi)個(ge)隱域(yu)性景觀(guan)難以作為動(dong)物(wu)地(di)理(li)區(qu)劃界線的依據。

歷史

大(da)青(qing)(qing)山抗日(ri)根據地(di)位于武川縣(xian)得勝(sheng)溝(gou)鄉的(de)最南端，大(da)青(qing)(qing)山深(shen)處，轄地(di)面積496.0平方公里(li)，距呼和(he)浩特(te)市(shi)約70公里(li)，是(shi)全國著名的(de)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)老區，是(shi)國家100個景(jing)點(dian)項目之一(yi)。開辟這(zhe)一(yi)地(di)區，使(shi)其與晉西北(bei)抗日(ri)根據地(di)連(lian)成一(yi)片，對堅持綏遠抗戰(zhan)，牽制日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)向(xiang)大(da)西北(bei)的(de)進(jin)攻，掩(yan)護(hu)八路軍(jun)(jun)在敵后抗戰(zhan)的(de)翼側，具有重要(yao)意義。抗戰(zhan)年(nian)代，得勝(sheng)溝(gou)鄉得勝(sheng)溝(gou)村一(yi)直是(shi)大(da)青(qing)(qing)山抗日(ri)根據地(di)的(de)指揮中心，被(bei)稱(cheng)為“塞外小延(yan)安”，此地(di)山大(da)溝(gou)深(shen)，地(di)形險(xian)要(yao)，是(shi)當年(nian)大(da)青(qing)(qing)山支隊司(si)令(ling)部、綏遠省委、省行署機關的(de)駐扎地(di)，現有司(si)令(ling)部、衛生(sheng)隊、教導隊、電(dian)臺(tai)等(deng)(deng)遺址(zhi)，李井泉(quan)、姚(yao)喆、黃厚、楊(yang)植林等(deng)(deng)領導人(ren)(ren)(ren)住過的(de)窯洞和(he)辦公用(yong)的(de)石磨、樹墩，存(cun)有八路軍(jun)(jun)作戰(zhan)使(shi)用(yong)過的(de)電(dian)臺(tai)、戰(zhan)刀、手榴彈、馬(ma)蹬、火盆、糧(liang)食袋、火鐮(lian)等(deng)(deng)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)歷史珍(zhen)貴文物。1964年(nian)被(bei)內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區政(zheng)府列為重點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位。在景(jing)區內留下一(yi)大(da)批革命(ming)(ming)(ming)前輩戎(rong)馬(ma)生(sheng)涯的(de)足(zu)跡，留下了(le)大(da)青(qing)(qing)山抗日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)民奮勇殺(sha)敵、可歌(ge)可泣(qi)的(de)英雄事跡。景(jing)區內除了(le)眾多(duo)的(de)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)遺存(cun)，自(zi)然風景(jing)十(shi)分獨特(te)，溝(gou)溝(gou)相(xiang)連(lian)、溪泉(quan)纏繞，水秀山青(qing)(qing)，山壑交疊，峰聳入云，山山有景(jing)，萬木崢嶸，野(ye)獸出沒，有獅子(zi)嘴、石門、佛爺(ye)洞、晾人(ren)(ren)(ren)臺(tai)、響沙(sha)灣、虎頭山、板(ban)嘴石窯等(deng)(deng)自(zi)然景(jing)點(dian)，各(ge)景(jing)點(dian)均以(yi)(yi)“奇(qi)、雄、特(te)、險(xian)”取勝(sheng)，集(ji)自(zi)然景(jing)觀和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文景(jing)觀于一(yi)體，以(yi)(yi)紅帶綠(lv)，紅綠(lv)相(xiang)互輝映。