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寬闊水國家級保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)貴州省遵義市綏(sui)陽縣北(bei)部(bu)，地理坐標為(wei)東經107°02′23〞-107°14′09〞，北(bei)緯28°06′25″-28°19′25″，東西寬約19km，南北(bei)長約20km。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)26 231hm2，其功能區(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)：核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)9 085hm2，緩沖區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)6 186hm2，實(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)10 960hm2。

寬(kuan)闊水國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)于1989年建(jian)立縣級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu) (綏府〔1989〕24號)，2001年升格(ge)為省級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu) (省編辦發〔2001〕205號)，2007年經國(guo)務院批準建(jian)立國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu) (國(guo)辦發〔2007〕20號)。

寬闊水國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)(he)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類型自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。主(zhu)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對象為原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亮葉水青岡(gang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)為主(zhu)體的典型亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)山常綠落葉闊葉混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)、黑葉猴(hou)、紅腹錦雞(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)群及其(qi)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境以及大量野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珍稀動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)起源古老，原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強，孤寡種(zhong)(zhong)、特(te)(te)(te)(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)多，自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源豐(feng)富。經(jing)考察(cha)，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)現已查明有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源625科(ke)4133種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)I級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)黑葉猴(hou)、豹、云豹、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝4種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)I級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)珙桐、紅豆杉(shan)(shan)、南方紅豆杉(shan)(shan)3種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)獼猴(hou)、大鯢(ni)、鴛鴦、水青樹、黃(huang)杉(shan)(shan)等國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)，貴州省省級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)11種(zhong)(zhong)，還有(you)(you)被列入《瀕危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》(CITES) 附錄Ⅱ的蘭科(ke)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)被列入《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)瀕危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅皮書》的鳥類7種(zhong)(zhong)。經(jing)專家(jia)考察(cha)鑒證(zheng)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)大面(mian)積在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)乃至世界具有(you)(you)典型性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、代表性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、完整性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)特(te)(te)(te)(te)有(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亮葉水青岡(gang)森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統、位(wei)居(ju)全(quan)球種(zhong)(zhong)群數量第(di)二的黑葉猴(hou)、全(quan)國(guo)分布密(mi)度和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)群數量最高的紅腹錦雞(ji)、豐(feng)富的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源、喀斯特(te)(te)(te)(te)與(yu)常態(tai)侵(qin)蝕并存的獨特(te)(te)(te)(te)地貌、頂級(ji)和(he)(he)演(yan)替(ti)并存的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統和(he)(he)眾多美麗(li)的自(zi)然(ran)景觀，使保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、科(ke)研(yan)、教學(xue)和(he)(he)旅游(you)方面(mian)有(you)(you)著十分重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的價值。因(yin)此，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不僅(jin)是中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)山地森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統結構功能(neng)及野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)(ji)地，也是中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的天然(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)庫和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)進化研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)基(ji)(ji)地、喀斯特(te)(te)(te)(te)非地帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統和(he)(he)地帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統動(dong)(dong)態(tai)對比(bi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)(ji)地、理(li)想的野(ye)外鳥類研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)基(ji)(ji)地和(he)(he)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)的勝地。