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寬闊水國家級保護區(qu)位于貴州省遵義市綏陽縣(xian)北(bei)部(bu)，地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經107°02′23〞-107°14′09〞，北(bei)緯28°06′25″-28°19′25″，東(dong)西寬約(yue)19km，南北(bei)長(chang)約(yue)20km。保護區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)26 231hm2，其功(gong)能區(qu)劃為(wei)：核(he)心區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)9 085hm2，緩(huan)沖區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)6 186hm2，實驗(yan)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)10 960hm2。

寬闊水(shui)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)于(yu)1989年(nian)建立縣(xian)級保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu) (綏(sui)府〔1989〕24號(hao))，2001年(nian)升格為省(sheng)級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu) (省(sheng)編辦(ban)發〔2001〕205號(hao))，2007年(nian)經國(guo)務院(yuan)批準建立國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu) (國(guo)辦(ban)發〔2007〕20號(hao))。

寬闊水(shui)(shui)(shui)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)屬森林和(he)(he)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)類型(xing)(xing)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對象(xiang)為原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)亮葉(xie)(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)青岡(gang)林為主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)(xing)亞(ya)熱帶中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)常綠落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)混交林、黑葉(xie)(xie)猴(hou)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)腹錦雞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)及(ji)其自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境以(yi)及(ji)大量(liang)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珍稀動植(zhi)物(wu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)起源古老，原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)強，孤寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、特(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)，自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)(zi)源豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)。經(jing)考察，區(qu)內現已(yi)查明有(you)動植(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)源625科4133種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)I級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)有(you)黑葉(xie)(xie)猴(hou)、豹、云(yun)豹、林麝4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)I級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)珙桐、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)豆杉(shan)、南方紅(hong)(hong)(hong)豆杉(shan)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)獼(mi)猴(hou)、大鯢、鴛鴦(yang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)青樹、黃杉(shan)等國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動植(zhi)物(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，貴州省省級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還有(you)被(bei)列入(ru)《瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》(CITES) 附錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭科植(zhi)物(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)被(bei)列入(ru)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)瀕危動物(wu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)皮書(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。經(jing)專家(jia)考察鑒證，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內大面(mian)積在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)乃至世界具有(you)典型(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)、代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)、完整性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)特(te)(te)有(you)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)亮葉(xie)(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)青岡(gang)森林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)、位居全(quan)球(qiu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)數量(liang)第二的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑葉(xie)(xie)猴(hou)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)分布密度(du)和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)數量(liang)最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)源、喀(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)與常態侵蝕并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)地(di)(di)貌、頂級(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)演替并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)和(he)(he)眾多(duo)美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)景觀，使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)在自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、教學和(he)(he)旅游方面(mian)有(you)著十分重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。因(yin)此，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)不僅(jin)是中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶山(shan)地(di)(di)森林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)結構功能(neng)及(ji)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)地(di)(di)，也(ye)是中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶山(shan)區(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)因(yin)庫和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)進(jin)化研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)基(ji)地(di)(di)、喀(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)非地(di)(di)帶性(xing)(xing)森林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)帶性(xing)(xing)森林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)動態對比(bi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)地(di)(di)、理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)外鳥類研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)基(ji)地(di)(di)和(he)(he)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態旅游的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)地(di)(di)。