小(xiao)五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地處燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)—太行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi),太行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈北(bei)端(duan),呂梁運(yun)動(dong)期始(shi)成太行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雛形(xing);燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)動(dong)時,形(xing)成新華夏式褶(zhe)皺帶;喜馬拉雅(ya)運(yun)動(dong)時,由于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)的劇烈抬升(sheng)和(he)強烈斷裂,形(xing)成了以(yi)東、西(xi)(xi)、南、北(bei)、中(zhong)五(wu)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為主(zhu)體(ti)的眾多(duo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)峽谷,其中(zhong)海拔在2000米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有130多(duo)座,東、西(xi)(xi)、南、北(bei)、中(zhong)臺等五(wu)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海拔均在2600米(mi)以(yi)上(shang),主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)東臺海拔2882米(mi),為太行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、河北(bei)最高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。除上(shang)述山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)外,西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、東靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、西(xi)(xi)靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也在保護區內,其中(zhong)靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、北(bei)京(jing)西(xi)(xi)部最高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海拔2420米(mi)。
小(xiao)五臺(tai)山(shan)山(shan)峰林(lin)(lin)立(li),峽谷(gu)縱橫(heng),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)茂密(mi),溪(xi)流遍地(di),是華北地(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性豐富的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域之一,具有重要的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)價值。為了(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)該區(qu)(qu)獨特的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統和野生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物及其棲息地(di),1983年(nian)(nian)11月經河北省人民政府批準,在蔚縣(xian)小(xiao)五臺(tai)山(shan)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)、涿(zhuo)(zhuo)鹿(lu)(lu)縣(xian)楊家坪林(lin)(lin)場(chang)、涿(zhuo)(zhuo)鹿(lu)(lu)縣(xian)岔道林(lin)(lin)場(chang)山(shan)澗口營林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)基礎上建立(li)了(le)小(xiao)五臺(tai)山(shan)省級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)。2002年(nian)(nian)7月經國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)批準,晉升為國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)。河北小(xiao)五臺(tai)山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬于“自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統”類(lei)別中“森(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統”類(lei)型的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu),主要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象(xiang)是暖溫帶森(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統和褐馬雞(ji)等國(guo)(guo)家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物。
保護區(qu)(qu)位于河北(bei)(bei)(bei)省西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,東與(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)市門頭溝(gou)區(qu)(qu)接壤,距北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)市區(qu)(qu)125千(qian)米,北(bei)(bei)(bei)距張家(jia)口市150千(qian)米。地理(li)坐標范(fan)圍東經114°47′8″~115°28′56″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯39°50′41″~40°6′30″,地理(li)區(qu)(qu)位十(shi)分重要。保護區(qu)(qu)的林地在張家(jia)口市蔚(yu)縣和涿(zhuo)鹿(lu)縣境內,總面積26700公頃,東西(xi)長約60千(qian)米,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬28千(qian)米,周(zhou)邊(bian)綿延300多千(qian)米,涉及10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)66個自然(ran)村約20000人。
保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)現(xian)為(wei)正處級建制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),直屬河北(bei)省林(lin)業廳,編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)123人(ren)。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)實行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)、管(guan)護(hu)站三級管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局設(she)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)辦公(gong)(gong)室、黨(dang)委(wei)辦公(gong)(gong)室、人(ren)事(shi)勞資(zi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、計劃與資(zi)金管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、宣傳教育科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、多(duo)種經營科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、防(fang)(fang)火辦公(gong)(gong)室等(deng)8個(ge)職能科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)室,下轄森(sen)防(fang)(fang)站、金河口管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)、楊(yang)家(jia)坪管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)、山(shan)澗口管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)4個(ge)直屬機構和(he)19個(ge)管(guan)護(hu)站。2004年省森(sen)林(lin)警察(cha)總隊在保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)成立了(le)小五(wu)臺山(shan)森(sen)林(lin)警察(cha)支隊,設(she)立了(le)4個(ge)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)治安(an)派出所,森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)(gong)安(an)編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)23人(ren)。2006年,王喜(xi)洞坑木(mu)林(lin)場(chang)經河北(bei)省人(ren)民政(zheng)府批準(zhun)并入保護(hu)區(qu)(qu),林(lin)場(chang)總面(mian)積3338公(gong)(gong)頃,編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)48人(ren)。
小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)形地(di)貌的(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)和水熱條件變化的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點決定了(le)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群落的(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)性(xing)。按照《河北植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)》中的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)分類(lei)系(xi)(xi)統,小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)劃(hua)分為7個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing),18個群系(xi)(xi)組和35個群系(xi)(xi),7個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)即針(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)、針(zhen)(zhen)闊葉(xie)(xie)混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)、闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)、灌(guan)叢、灌(guan)草叢、草甸、沼生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)。針(zhen)(zhen)闊葉(xie)(xie)混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)是小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體,主(zhu)要有油(you)(you)松、蒙古(gu)櫟混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin),華(hua)北落葉(xie)(xie)松、白樺混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin),云(yun)杉(shan)、冷杉(shan)、紅樺混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)等。根據山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體的(de)(de)(de)海拔高度及水熱條件的(de)(de)(de)垂直(zhi)變化,又可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)垂直(zhi)帶(dai)(dai)譜自山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂至山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)基劃(hua)分為亞高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)草甸帶(dai)(dai)、亞高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)灌(guan)叢帶(dai)(dai)、針(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)(dai)、針(zhen)(zhen)闊混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)(dai)、落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)(dai)、人工油(you)(you)松林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)(dai)、次(ci)生灌(guan)叢帶(dai)(dai)和農(nong)田(tian)林(lin)(lin)果帶(dai)(dai)。以(yi)上完整而典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)型(xing)構成了(le)小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然生態系(xi)(xi)統主(zhu)體,為物(wu)種(zhong)多樣(yang)性(xing)和遺(yi)傳(chuan)多樣(yang)性(xing)提(ti)供了(le)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)生存空間,特(te)別為褐馬雞、金錢豹等珍稀野生動物(wu)提(ti)供了(le)生存棲息環境(jing),造就了(le)保護(hu)區(qu)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位和保護(hu)價值。
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺山地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁(fan)多,是(shi)華(hua)北地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。經調查區(qu)內(nei)分(fen)布野生高等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1637種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong),苔(tai)蘚(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)38科,98屬(shu),共244種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);隸(li)屬(shu)于(yu)118科530屬(shu),蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科24屬(shu)60種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4科9屬(shu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)98科497屬(shu)1320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。以菊(ju)科、禾本科、豆科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最為豐富(fu)。在木本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),以樺屬(shu)、松屬(shu)、落(luo)葉松屬(shu)、云杉屬(shu)、櫟屬(shu)、楊(yang)屬(shu)林木為主,構成小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺森(sen)林植(zhi)(zhi)被的(de)(de)建(jian)群種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或優勢樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)資源植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)較多,據初步(bu)調查,觀賞(shang)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)367種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)草藥植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)390種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),牧草飼料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據國家2005年公布的(de)(de)試行條例(li),保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)分(fen)布有(you)國家重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)大花(hua)杓蘭、杓蘭和(he)紫點(dian)杓蘭;二級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有(you)野大豆、黃檗(bo)、刺(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)加(jia)等(deng)(deng);有(you)臭冷杉、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺銀(yin)蓮花(hua)等(deng)(deng)珍稀極小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);以小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺命名的(de)(de)模式標(biao)本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺蚤綴、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺風毛菊(ju)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺柴胡、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺山延胡索、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺銀(yin)蓮花(hua)。
小(xiao)五臺山(shan)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)理區(qu)(qu)劃位(wei)置上隸屬(shu)古(gu)北(bei)界(jie)華北(bei)區(qu)(qu)。經調查(cha)發現保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)分布(bu)(bu)陸(lu)棲脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共計139種(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)于4綱19目55科,包括(kuo)兩棲類(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong),爬行類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類(lei)98種(zhong)(zhong),哺乳類(lei)32種(zhong)(zhong)。根據河(he)北(bei)省林業(ye)局2006年(nian)公布(bu)(bu)的(de)河(he)北(bei)省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)分布(bu)(bu)有國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)22種(zhong)(zhong):國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong),分別為(wei)褐馬(ma)雞、金雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、白肩雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、大鴇、黑鸛(guan)和豹(bao)。褐馬(ma)雞是世界(jie)珍禽、中國(guo)(guo)特有、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)際上,褐馬(ma)雞被譽為(wei)“東(dong)方(fang)寶石”,和“國(guo)(guo)寶”大熊貓(mao)齊名(ming)。金錢豹(bao)華北(bei)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),中國(guo)(guo)特有亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有鳶、蒼鷹、勺雞、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)鸮、斑羚等16種(zhong)(zhong)。河(he)北(bei)省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)27種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)豐富度(du)指標在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)北(bei)方(fang)是比較高的(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一。
經過調查發現,小(xiao)五臺(tai)山(shan)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)分布(bu)有昆(kun)蟲(chong)4綱(gang)(gang)25目(mu)254科(ke)(ke)(ke)1603屬(shu)2776種,其中,原尾(wei)綱(gang)(gang)2目(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)5種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)1.25%、屬(shu)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)0.28%,種總(zong)數(shu)的(de)0.16%;雙尾(wei)綱(gang)(gang)1目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)0.31%、屬(shu)的(de)0.06%和(he)種的(de)0.03%;彈尾(wei)綱(gang)(gang)1目(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)6種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)1.25%、屬(shu)的(de)0.28%和(he)種的(de)0.19%;昆(kun)蟲(chong)綱(gang)(gang)23目(mu)245科(ke)(ke)(ke)1592屬(shu)2764種,分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小(xiao)五臺(tai)山(shan)總(zong)數(shu)據的(de)79.31%、76.32%、89.69%和(he)89.45%。科(ke)(ke)(ke)級組成以鞘(qiao)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(49科(ke)(ke)(ke))、半翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(44科(ke)(ke)(ke))、鱗翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(38科(ke)(ke)(ke))和(he)膜(mo)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(34科(ke)(ke)(ke))最多,分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)級總(zong)數(shu)的(de)15.26%、13.70%、11.84%和(he)10.59%,鱗翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(905種)、鞘(qiao)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(564種)、膜(mo)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(412種)和(he)雙翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(407種)這4目(mu)昆(kun)蟲(chong)共占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)昆(kun)蟲(chong)總(zong)種數(shu)的(de)82.42%,構成保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)昆(kun)蟲(chong)區(qu)(qu)系的(de)主體(ti)。
保護區(qu)自1983年(nian)建(jian)立以來,走過了(le)三十年(nian)的歷(li)程,在(zai)國家林業局(ju)、省林業廳、當地黨委政(zheng)府的領(ling)導和支(zhi)持(chi)下,保護區(qu)干部職工求實(shi)創新、艱苦奮斗,取得了(le)令人矚目(mu)的成(cheng)(cheng)就。保護區(qu)晉升國家級后,編制了(le)總體(ti)(ti)規劃(2002-2010),成(cheng)(cheng)功實(shi)施(shi)了(le)兩期保護區(qu)建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu),以及防火和能力建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu),基礎設施(shi)得到改善,資源保護、科研監測和宣傳教育體(ti)(ti)系初步建(jian)立。
資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區的(de)(de)基礎工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)、首要工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),主要包括森(sen)林(lin)防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)和野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在(zai)森(sen)林(lin)防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區始終堅持預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主、積極(ji)消滅的(de)(de)方針,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月1日(ri)到翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月31日(ri)嚴禁(jin)任何人進(jin)山(shan),清明(ming)節(jie)期(qi)間(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)上墳燒紙(zhi),五一(yi)勞動節(jie)期(qi)間(jian)控(kong)制(zhi)燒秸稈(gan)、燎地邊,不斷加強專(zhuan)業(ye)撲火(huo)隊建設(she),取得了30年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)無(wu)大的(de)(de)森(sen)林(lin)火(huo)災(zai)的(de)(de)成績。在(zai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong),大力開展保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區內堅決實行禁(jin)牧、禁(jin)采(cai)、禁(jin)獵,嚴格實行進(jin)山(shan)證制(zhi)度,禁(jin)止游人、以及無(wu)關(guan)人員進(jin)入保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區,最大限度地減少人為(wei)活動對(dui)野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物的(de)(de)干擾,使(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區內野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)得到保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和恢(hui)復,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)了褐馬雞等重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動物棲息地的(de)(de)完整(zheng)和安(an)全。
對保護區(qu)(qu)內野(ye)生動物及其棲息(xi)地的研(yan)究和監測,對于(yu)野(ye)生動植(zhi)物保護、管理和種群(qun)恢(hui)復(fu)具有重大(da)意義。保護區(qu)(qu)積極與省內外各大(da)院校、科研(yan)院所(suo)和各保護區(qu)(qu)兄弟單位(wei)合(he)作開展了一系列的科研(yan)和監測工(gong)作。
1981年(nian),根據(ju)1979年(nian)林業(ye)(ye)部等(deng)八個部委聯合簽發的(de)(de)(de)關于(yu)加強自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管理區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃和(he)(he)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)考察工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)通知及(ji)(ji)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)委(1981)7號文(wen)件精神,以河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)為(wei)主(zhu),邀請(qing)(qing)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan),對(dui)(dui)(dui)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)自(zi)然(ran)資源進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)初步(bu)(bu)考察。1987-1993年(nian),河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)(ye)廳(ting)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)師(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)物(wu)系、霧靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)聯合開(kai)展調(diao)查(cha)(cha),獲得了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)標本(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)觀察數據(ju),并(bing)參閱有關文(wen)獻資料(liao)(liao),編寫了(le)《霧靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)、小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)陸生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)研究(jiu)》,由中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)技術出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)。1988年(nian),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu) 2次組織小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性本(ben)(ben)底(di)調(diao)查(cha)(cha),并(bing)編輯印刷(shua)內(nei)部資料(liao)(liao)《小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)》。1990年(nian),由中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)微生(sheng)物(wu)研究(jiu)所和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)菌物(wu)考察隊(dui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)菌物(wu)考察。1995-1998年(nian),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成立(li)(li)褐(he)馬雞課題(ti)組,對(dui)(dui)(dui)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)褐(he)馬雞分布、種(zhong)群數量(liang)和(he)(he)生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)特(te)性進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)全面調(diao)查(cha)(cha),經調(diao)查(cha)(cha)統計小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)褐(he)馬雞數量(liang)為(wei)2420只左右,主(zhu)要(yao)分布于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。2001年(nian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)邀請(qing)(qing)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)林科(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)宋朝樞先生(sheng),共同編撰了(le)《河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)綜(zong)合科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)考察報告》。2005年(nian)以來,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)依(yi)托河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)師(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)(he)研究(jiu)生(sheng)隊(dui)伍,在保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)開(kai)展了(le)系統的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)野外考察,采集(ji)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)標本(ben)(ben),經過研究(jiu)和(he)(he)鑒定,廣泛(fan)查(cha)(cha)閱相關文(wen)獻,共同完成了(le)《小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)志(zhi)》的(de)(de)(de)編輯工(gong)作,2012年(nian),利用林業(ye)(ye)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項補助(zhu)資金,由科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)。2007-2010年(nian),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)邀請(qing)(qing)省(sheng)(sheng)森防站退(tui)休專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)徐志(zhi)華先生(sheng),成立(li)(li)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)考察組對(dui)(dui)(dui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)資源進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)本(ben)(ben)底(di)調(diao)查(cha)(cha),目前正在編寫相關資料(liao)(liao)。2007-2009年(nian),依(yi)托河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)動(dong)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點(培育)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)和(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)無脊椎動(dong)物(wu)系統學(xue)(xue)(xue)與應用實(shi)驗室,組織國(guo)(guo)內(nei)20多個大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)科(ke)研機構,在保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)范(fan)(fan)圍昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)資源考察,進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)擴大(da)(da)(da)和(he)(he)深化了(le)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)資源(含蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu))考察內(nei)容,獲得了(le)10多萬(wan)件珍貴標本(ben)(ben),經專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定和(he)(he)對(dui)(dui)(dui)已有資料(liao)(liao)分析整(zheng)理,本(ben)(ben)次發現保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)新紀(ji)錄昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)蛛(zhu)形動(dong)物(wu)2434種(zhong),昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)增加2354種(zhong),蛛(zhu)形動(dong)物(wu)增加314種(zhong),發現16個新種(zhong)(目前共計62種(zhong)),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)新紀(ji)錄6屬和(he)(he)29種(zhong)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)新紀(ji)錄334種(zhong),小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)及(ji)(ji)其毗鄰地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)有昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(也(ye)稱土著昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong))63種(zhong)。這(zhe)些基礎研究(jiu)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)資源的(de)(de)(de)有效保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)恢復提供(gong)了(le)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)可靠的(de)(de)(de)理論(lun)依(yi)據(ju)。
向公眾(zhong)普及自(zi)(zi)然(ran)知識(shi)是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要,也(ye)是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)和(he)(he)(he)義務。我國(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)起步(bu)(bu)相對較晚,尚未得到社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍(bian)了解和(he)(he)(he)充分(fen)支持,這就需(xu)要廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de),持久的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳教育(yu),逐步(bu)(bu)提高(gao)人們對自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)重要性的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi),使人們自(zi)(zi)覺加(jia)入(ru)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)者(zhe)行列(lie),促進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明建(jian)設。多年(nian)來,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)向學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)愛好(hao)者(zhe),開展(zhan)了大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)實習、夏(xia)令營和(he)(he)(he)科考(kao)活動(dong),成為北(bei)京(jing)師(shi)范大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、河(he)北(bei)師(shi)范大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)多所學(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)科研基地(di),2000年(nian)被(bei)(bei)宋慶(qing)齡基金會(hui)命名(ming)為“宋慶(qing)齡基金會(hui)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)基金管理委員會(hui)青少(shao)年(nian)科普教育(yu)基地(di)”,2010年(nian)被(bei)(bei)省科技(ji)廳授予“河(he)北(bei)省青少(shao)年(nian)科技(ji)教育(yu)基地(di)”,2012年(nian),被(bei)(bei)中國(guo)(guo)林(lin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)會(hui)授予“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)林(lin)業科普基地(di)”。2009年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了楊家(jia)坪(ping)科普展(zhan)覽廳,2011年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)官方網站,創辦了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內部刊物(wu)《小五臺山(shan)》,2012年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了小五臺山(shan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)博物(wu)館,在新浪網開通了小五臺山(shan)官方微博,為提高(gao)公眾(zhong)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)意識(shi)做出了積(ji)極(ji)努力(li)。
在(zai)長(chang)期的保護(hu)和管理(li)下(xia),區內植被得到(dao)恢復,生態(tai)環境得到(dao)改善(shan),生物多(duo)樣性明顯增(zeng)加(jia)。保護(hu)區建立以(yi)來,森林覆蓋率(lv)由1986年(nian)的54.9%增(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)76.4%。在(zai)1999年(nian)和2006年(nian),河北(bei)師范大(da)學教授趙建成先后發現(xian)并(bing)命(ming)名(ming)苔蘚新種中華大(da)帽(mao)蘚和亞洲大(da)帽(mao)蘚。2008年(nian),中科院院士王文采發現(xian)并(bing)命(ming)名(ming)小五臺(tai)銀(yin)蓮(lian)花。2012年(nian)11月(yue),監(jian)測發現(xian)多(duo)個褐(he)馬雞種群,以(yi)及勺雞、赤狐(hu)、斑(ban)羚、豹貓(mao)。2013年(nian)4月(yue)監(jian)測發現(xian)金(jin)錢豹華北(bei)亞種。