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保護區概況

黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)新青白頭鶴(he)國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區地(di)處黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北部(bu)(bu)，小興安嶺主脈東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)北坡，位(wei)(wei)于(yu)“中國(guo)白頭鶴(he)之(zhi)鄉”黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)伊春市豐林縣（局）境內。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區東(dong)(dong)(dong)北部(bu)(bu)與(yu)嘉蔭縣接壤，東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部(bu)(bu)與(yu)鶴(he)北林業局毗鄰，西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)是(shi)湯旺河林業局施業區，西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)、南部(bu)(bu)是(shi)新青林業局施業區。地(di)理(li)坐標為東(dong)(dong)(dong)經129°58′29″--130°23′07″，北緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)會哈(ha)爾濱470公里，交(jiao)通便利。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區始(shi)建于(yu)2004年(nian)，2011年(nian)晉升為國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區，面積62567公頃(qing)，是(shi)伊春市青少(shao)年(nian)科(ke)普教育基(ji)地(di)。在2009年(nian)被評(ping)為省(sheng)級先(xian)進集體，在2010年(nian)榮獲省(sheng)級森林資源監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)先(xian)進單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。

保護(hu)區(qu)位于《全國林(lin)業系(xi)統自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)體系(xi)規劃研究》所列16個中國生(sheng)物多(duo)樣(yang)性熱點地區(qu)之一的吉林(lin)長白山地區(qu)內，處(chu)于我(wo)國東(dong)北泥(ni)(ni)炭沼澤集中分布(bu)區(qu)，擁有小(xiao)興安(an)嶺山脈(mo)保存(cun)最完(wan)整的多(duo)種典型(xing)濕地組合，被聯(lian)合國教科文組織考察認(ren)定為大面(mian)積群落清晰、保存(cun)完(wan)整的典型(xing)泥(ni)(ni)碳沼澤濕地。

保護(hu)區(qu)以保護(hu)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴資源(yuan)與(yu)其他珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)資源(yuan)、北溫帶森林生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)和濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)及生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)、黑龍(long)江流域(yu)上(shang)游(you)的水源(yuan)涵養(yang)地(di)(di)為保護(hu)對象，是集珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)保護(hu)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)保護(hu)、濕地(di)(di)資源(yuan)保護(hu)、科(ke)學研究、宣傳(chuan)教育、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)與(yu)森林可持續利用等多項功能于一體的“野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)類(lei)型(xing)”自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)。

黑(hei)龍江新青白(bai)頭鶴國家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)以“中國白(bai)頭鶴之鄉”響譽(yu)國內(nei)(nei)外，有著(zhu)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)分布著(zhu)近(jin)90只白(bai)頭鶴，約占全球總量(liang)的(de)(de)1%。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)共有生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括地衣(yi)12科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)93科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)13科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)(lei)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類(lei)(lei)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)(lei)46科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)(lei)15科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲101科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土(tu)壤(rang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；真菌59科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)國家Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有紅松、浮葉慈菇、紫(zi)椴、野大豆、黃檗(bo)、水(shui)曲柳等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有紫(zi)貂、原(yuan)麝(she)、白(bai)頭鶴、丹頂(ding)鶴、東方白(bai)鸛、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有駝鹿(lu)、黑(hei)熊、馬鹿(lu)、烏林(lin)鸮、蒼鷹、普通鵟、花(hua)尾(wei)榛雞、白(bai)枕鶴等42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省級一般保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

保護區內群(qun)(qun)巒(luan)起伏、林海蒼茫，河流交錯，風光旖旎。春(chun)來山花似火，盛夏河水如(ru)藍，金(jin)秋(qiu)五(wu)彩繽紛，隆冬銀裝(zhuang)素裹，鮮明的(de)四季展示出北國(guo)獨具(ju)的(de)魅(mei)力。區內山青、水秀、石奇、林幽，特(te)(te)殊(shu)的(de)地(di)理位置、地(di)形地(di)貌和森林資源形成了(le)獨特(te)(te)的(de)自然景(jing)觀(guan)，具(ju)有豐(feng)富的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性。在物(wu)種組(zu)成、區系特(te)(te)征、群(qun)(qun)落結構或(huo)生(sheng)態系統水平上，均反映了(le)小(xiao)(xiao)興安(an)嶺特(te)(te)色，是小(xiao)(xiao)興安(an)嶺地(di)區的(de)典型代表。

幾(ji)年來，黑龍江新(xin)青白頭鶴(he)(he)(he)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)以(yi)建設國家(jia)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)為(wei)目標，堅持“生態優先(xian)、合(he)理利用、持續發展”的(de)原(yuan)則，積極(ji)開(kai)展資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、宣(xuan)傳教育、科學研(yan)究、社區(qu)(qu)共(gong)管(guan)等工作(zuo)，使以(yi)白頭鶴(he)(he)(he)為(wei)主的(de)野生動植(zhi)物資源和森(sen)林、濕(shi)地(di)生態系統(tong)得到了有(you)效保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。積極(ji)開(kai)展科學研(yan)究，在(zai)國內首次取得了在(zai)非繁殖(zhi)地(di)已經(jing)停止繁殖(zhi)的(de)白頭鶴(he)(he)(he)到繁殖(zhi)地(di)后恢復繁殖(zhi)能力和模擬野生白頭鶴(he)(he)(he)繁殖(zhi)環(huan)境白頭鶴(he)(he)(he)親鳥孵(fu)卵育雛(chu)的(de)科研(yan)成果，這(zhe)項科研(yan)成果在(zai)2011年北京林業大(da)學召開(kai)的(de)“中國首屆自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護論壇”上(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)參會論文(wen)進行交(jiao)流。

目前，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區成立了(le)(le)管(guan)理(li)局—管(guan)理(li)站—管(guan)理(li)點三(san)級管(guan)理(li)機構，制定和完善了(le)(le)相應(ying)的規章制度及保(bao)(bao)(bao)護條例，為保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區的依法(fa)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和管(guan)理(li)提供了(le)(le)依據。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區的建設和發展走上了(le)(le)科學發展的軌道。

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件

黑龍江新青白頭(tou)鶴自然保護(hu)區(qu)屬寒溫(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，區(qu)內四季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)差異(yi)大(da)(da)。同時，由于常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)受外高加索、貝加爾(er)湖(hu)冷空氣(qi)(qi)的影響，致使該(gai)區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)變化異(yi)常(chang)復(fu)雜。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點為(wei)(wei)冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)漫長，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)干燥而寒冷；夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)較短，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和多雨；春季(ji)(ji)(ji)前期冷，后期暖，春風(feng)(feng)大(da)(da)，春霜（終霜）晚(wan)；秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)溫(wen)迅速(su)，秋霜（早霜）早，常(chang)有(you)凍害發生(sheng)。據氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)資(zi)料統(tong)計，保護(hu)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-0.5℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)差一(yi)般在(zai)70℃以上，無霜期110-125天。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)2500.6℃，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)2387.7℃，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)1993.8℃。該(gai)地(di)區(qu)光(guang)照具有(you)明(ming)顯的季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化，冬短夏長，輻射強(qiang)度冬弱夏強(qiang)。保護(hu)區(qu)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照總(zong)時數平均為(wei)(wei)2268.5小時。保護(hu)區(qu)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)650.7毫米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)多集中(zhong)在(zai)6、7、8月(yue)份，占全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的60%。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)出現(xian)大(da)(da)雪天氣(qi)(qi)。保護(hu)區(qu)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以西南風(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)多。風(feng)(feng)向(xiang)的季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化明(ming)顯，春季(ji)(ji)(ji)多西南風(feng)(feng)，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)多西北(bei)風(feng)(feng)。

豐林縣交通

豐林縣（局）的(de)交(jiao)通，包(bao)括(kuo)鐵(tie)路(lu)和公路(lu)兩部分。湯林線鐵(tie)路(lu)由本區通過，南為(wei)紅(hong)星(xing)、五(wu)營，北是湯旺河。隨著林區經濟的(de)發展，車站的(de)機構日趨健全，設施逐(zhu)年完備。

豐(feng)林(lin)縣(xian)公(gong)路網(wang)密布，包括湯北公(gong)路和新青至結源(yuan)、北溝、柳樹河、南溝、水源(yuan)、笑山林(lin)場的公(gong)路，省道伊春--嘉蔭國防(fang)公(gong)路由本(ben)區北部通過(guo)。

保護(hu)區距離豐林縣(xian)約(yue)50千米，通達公(gong)路為林III級公(gong)路。

新(xin)青林區地處黑龍江省伊春市五營國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)至湯旺河國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)、嘉蔭(yin)茅蘭溝、龍骨山(shan)黃金旅游線上(shang)，距豐林縣(xian)35千(qian)(qian)米(mi)，距湯旺縣(xian)21千(qian)(qian)米(mi)。豐林縣(xian)（局）有湯林線鐵路(lu)從此通過，公(gong)(gong)路(lu)網密布，包(bao)括(kuo)湯北公(gong)(gong)路(lu)和新(xin)青至結源、北溝、柳樹河、南溝、水(shui)源、笑山(shan)林場(chang)的公(gong)(gong)路(lu)，并且伊春——嘉蔭(yin)國(guo)防公(gong)(gong)路(lu)由北部通過，交(jiao)通條(tiao)件極為(wei)便利。

目前豐林縣已(yi)建設有基本的旅(lv)游接待(dai)設施，保護區旅(lv)游設施建設尚處(chu)于起步階(jie)段。

豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目

豐(feng)林(lin)縣(xian)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)十分(fen)豐(feng)富(fu)，擁有抗(kang)聯密營遺址(zhi)、老(lao)佛山縣(xian)遺址(zhi)、老(lao)金(jin)溝遺址(zhi)、日偽時期修筑的(de)(de)(de)警(jing)備路遺址(zhi)、大(da)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)白(bai)頭鶴、并(bing)有保(bao)(bao)存完好的(de)(de)(de)三(san)片2，858公(gong)頃的(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)紅(hong)松(song)母樹(shu)林(lin)等，可(ke)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)(li)巨大(da)。近年(nian)來，豐(feng)林(lin)縣(xian)本著(zhu)生(sheng)態優(you)先(xian)、整體開發(fa)、突出重點、循序漸進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)原則，加大(da)了旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)力(li)(li)度，專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)聘(pin)請(qing)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)規劃設計專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)，對新青國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)長遠(yuan)發(fa)展進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了總體規劃，著(zhu)力(li)(li)打造(zao)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品牌，已(yi)取得初步成(cheng)效。先(xian)后在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了野生(sheng)植物(wu)園(yuan)、觀(guan)鳥亭、觀(guan)景(jing)平臺(tai)和(he)(he)1360延長米的(de)(de)(de)木棧(zhan)道。2009年(nian)，為保(bao)(bao)護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)量，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)湖(hu)。同(tong)時成(cheng)立了旅(lv)(lv)行(xing)社和(he)(he)熱氣球(qiu)俱(ju)樂(le)(le)部，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)觀(guan)鶴、熱氣球(qiu)觀(guan)光等特色旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項目已(yi)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)啟動(dong)(dong)，填補(bu)了林(lin)區空中觀(guan)光的(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)。目前，新青森林(lin)生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)產業正在全(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)依托國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)和(he)(he)“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)頭鶴之鄉”的(de)(de)(de)稱譽，深入開發(fa)森林(lin)避暑、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)觀(guan)鶴、湖(hu)中泛舟、熱氣球(qiu)觀(guan)光等生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項目，突出紅(hong)色旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、觀(guan)光原始(shi)沙金(jin)采掘(jue)流程和(he)(he)鄂倫春(chun)少(shao)數民族風情(qing)游(you)(you)等新青旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)特色，打造(zao)新青旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品牌，提升(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)檔(dang)次和(he)(he)品位。力(li)(li)爭經(jing)過(guo)三(san)年(nian)左右的(de)(de)(de)努力(li)(li)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設好國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級新青濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、新鶴公(gong)路沿線觀(guan)光原始(shi)沙金(jin)采掘(jue)流程景(jing)點、抗(kang)美河水(shui)上游(you)(you)樂(le)(le)園(yuan)等旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)點景(jing)區，叫響“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)頭鶴之鄉”這(zhe)個旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品牌，使(shi)新青成(cheng)為伊春(chun)市湯旺河流域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)金(jin)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)線上又一個獨具特色的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)區。并(bing)通過(guo)加強“吃、住(zhu)、行(xing)、游(you)(you)、購、娛”六項旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服務基礎(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設，提升(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服務檔(dang)次，拉動(dong)(dong)商貿業、物(wu)流業和(he)(he)飲(yin)服娛樂(le)(le)業大(da)發(fa)展、快發(fa)展，進(jin)(jin)而把新青建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)商貿服務中心。