黑龍江嶺峰國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區始建于(yu)2002年(nian),2006年(nian)被黑龍江省政府批準(zhun)為(wei)省級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區。2017年(nian)7月經(jing)國務院批準(zhun)晉升為(wei)國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區。
黑(hei)龍江嶺(ling)峰國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于黑(hei)龍江省大興安嶺(ling)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)漠河市境內,大興安嶺(ling)林(lin)業(ye)管理局阿木爾林(lin)業(ye)局施(shi)業(ye)區(qu)(qu)(qu)南部,地處(chu)祖國北部邊疆,大興安嶺(ling)山脈北坡。地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經(jing)122°41′30″~123°26′05″,北緯52°15′03″~52°31′00″。嶺(ling)峰自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積68,373公頃。是我國寒溫帶(dai)(dai)地帶(dai)(dai)北的(de)一個野(ye)生(sheng)動物類(lei)型(xing)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu),具有寒溫帶(dai)(dai)針葉林(lin)生(sheng)態系統的(de)典型(xing)特征(zheng)和比較(jiao)完整、豐富的(de)物種資源。
黑龍江嶺峰國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)位于黑龍江大(da)興安嶺林業管(guan)理局(ju)(ju)阿木爾林業局(ju)(ju)南端,總面(mian)積(ji)68,373公頃,其中(zhong)核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)26,660公頃,緩沖區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)22,307公頃,實驗區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)19,406公頃。
區(qu)(qu)內(nei)具備完好的原(yuan)始(shi)寒(han)溫帶針葉林生境,沒有任何(he)居民點,核心區(qu)(qu)內(nei)從(cong)來未從(cong)事過大現模林業生產活動,也沒有任何(he)嚴重破壞生境的采(cai)礦業,如采(cai)金等活動,人為干擾(rao)程度(du)很小(xiao),除(chu)了一些防火通道及公路(lu)外,幾乎全區(qu)(qu)均保存著原(yuan)始(shi)的生態景觀。
該區(qu)(qu)常見(jian)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)約847種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列為國家保(bao)護(hu)有(you)(you)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)外,寒溫帶(dai)森(sen)林的存在也為相應(ying)的野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了棲息場(chang)所。本(ben)區(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)地理分區(qu)(qu)屬古北界(jie)、東(dong)北亞界(jie)、東(dong)北區(qu)(qu)、大興安嶺亞區(qu)(qu),動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)與數量(liang)也很(hen)豐富(fu),據統計,陸生(sheng)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)171種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)爬類(lei)(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。被《瀕危(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公約》附(fu)錄(lu)I附(fu)錄(lu)II收錄(lu)的哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占本(ben)區(qu)(qu)哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的12.1%;鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占本(ben)區(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的14.61%。被列為國家級保(bao)護(hu)的野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中,獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占本(ben)區(qu)(qu)哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數16.7%,鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占本(ben)區(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的18.1%。在高緯度地區(qu)(qu),就生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)(xing)而言,具有(you)(you)典型性(xing)(xing)和代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)(xing),對于(yu)科學研究和環(huan)境效應(ying)均有(you)(you)極高價值。
區內具備(bei)完好的原始(shi)寒溫帶針葉林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)境,沒有任何居民點(dian),核心區內從來(lai)未從事過大現模(mo)林(lin)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)活動,也沒有任何嚴重破壞生(sheng)(sheng)境的采(cai)礦業,如采(cai)金等活動,人為(wei)干擾程度很小,除了一些(xie)防火通道(dao)及公路(lu)外,幾(ji)乎(hu)全區均保存著原始(shi)的生(sheng)(sheng)態景觀。
保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)于(yu)森林(lin)(lin)生態系統類型(xing)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu),具(ju)(ju)有寒溫(wen)帶針葉林(lin)(lin)生態系統的(de)典型(xing)特(te)征和比較完整、豐富的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)資源。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)保存有完好的(de)、面積較大(da)的(de)寒溫(wen)帶針葉林(lin)(lin)。野生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源十(shi)分豐富,區(qu)(qu)內(nei)分布有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)847種(zhong)(zhong),脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)249種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中國家重點保護(hu)(hu)野生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共計46種(zhong)(zhong)。尤其(qi)(qi)是作為(wei)寒溫(wen)帶針葉林(lin)(lin)代(dai)表性動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)貂(diao)熊(xiong)、黑嘴松雞和駝鹿等的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)群密度都較大(da),具(ju)(ju)有極(ji)為(wei)重要的(de)科學研究價(jia)值和極(ji)高的(de)保護(hu)(hu)價(jia)值。