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自然特征

地理位置

該(gai)保護區地(di)理位(wei)置為：東經126°35′～128°02′，北緯42°06′～43°51′。總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)114.5萬公(gong)頃。其中林地(di)82.3萬公(gong)頃，占總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)71.9%；水域5.7萬公(gong)頃，占總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)5.0%。三湖(hu)保護區地(di)處長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)余(yu)脈(mo)。四面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)環山(shan)(shan)(shan)，西面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)吉林哈達嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)，北面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)老爺嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)，東面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)威(wei)虎(hu)嶺(ling)和黃泥(ni)嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)，南面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)老嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)。地(di)勢東南高西北低(di)。地(di)貌多為中(高)山(shan)(shan)(shan)?低(di)(丘)山(shan)(shan)(shan)?崗(臺(tai))川類(lei)。其面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)比(bi)例大致為七山(shan)(shan)(shan)二崗一川。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起(qi)伏，綿延不斷，溝壑縱橫，異峰突兀。海拔800米以上(shang)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰有80余(yu)座，其最高為南樓(lou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，海拔1404.8米，在樺甸(dian)市常山(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)；最低(di)為豐滿(man)壩下(xia)，海拔約(yue)190米。該(gai)地(di)區地(di)質構成(cheng)多為玄武巖、石灰(hui)巖、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型為暗棕壤(rang)、白漿土(tu)(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)、棕色森林土(tu)(tu)、泥(ni)炭(tan)土(tu)(tu)等。

氣候特征

三湖保護區處于北溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區內。四季(ji)(ji)分明，年(nian)(nian)(nian)、日(ri)較差大。春季(ji)(ji)干燥多風(feng)(feng)(feng)?夏季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)熱(re)多雨?秋季(ji)(ji)晴爽?冬季(ji)(ji)嚴寒?年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)在1.9℃～4.4℃之間?極端(duan)(duan)高(gao)溫(wen)36.6℃，極端(duan)(duan)低溫(wen)-45℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10℃積溫(wen)為(wei)1900℃～2800℃,并呈由南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)北增加趨勢?年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數2350～2450小時?年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量由南(nan)(nan)向北略有(you)減少(shao)，為(wei)834～673毫(hao)米(mi)之間。無(wu)霜期(qi)大致為(wei)110～130天(tian)。一月(yue)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)約為(wei)－18℃，七月(yue)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)約為(wei)20℃左右(you)。該(gai)區夏季(ji)(ji)盛行西南(nan)(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，冬季(ji)(ji)盛行西北風(feng)(feng)(feng)。

保護區由(you)于受到三個(ge)湖泊及森林等因素影響，又具有湖泊氣候(hou)、谷地氣候(hou)和森林氣候(hou)的復合(he)特征。