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歷史沿革

保護區始建于1994年，2001年(nian)經(jing)江西(xi)省人(ren)民政府批(pi)準晉(jin)升為省級自然保(bao)護區，2008年(nian)經(jing)國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)準晉(jin)升為國(guo)(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區。

地理環境

地理位置

保護區(qu)位于(yu)江西省資溪縣的(de)東北部，地處武夷山脈中(zhong)段(duan)，閩贛交(jiao)界的(de)武夷山脈西麓，地理坐標為東經117°09'11"-117'18"，北緯27°40'50"-27°53'52"。?

東(dong)(dong)由(you)與(yu)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)雞頂(ding)起，向(xiang)南(nan)至觀(guan)音尖，再至南(nan)邊的(de)(de)1224米山峰(feng)，沿東(dong)(dong)港與(yu)南(nan)港分水山脊(ji)到(dao)西(xi)邊的(de)(de)月峰(feng)山，向(xiang)北(bei)沿山脊(ji)至東(dong)(dong)源橋頭，跨昌坪河到(dao)高阜尖至東(dong)(dong)坑(keng)村后山脊(ji)，沿東(dong)(dong)南(nan)方(fang)向(xiang)山脊(ji)到(dao)五臺(tai)(tai)山，轉向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)沿山脊(ji)至黃茅寨(zhai)小路向(xiang)北(bei)，至與(yu)貴(gui)溪(xi)(xi)縣交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)的(de)(de)香臺(tai)(tai)山，再沿資溪(xi)(xi)、貴(gui)溪(xi)(xi)縣界(jie)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)到(dao)與(yu)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)點(dian)向(xiang)南(nan)回到(dao)東(dong)(dong)面與(yu)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)交(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)雞頂(ding)止。

地形地貌

馬頭山(shan)(shan)國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區地貌(mao)大(da)致具(ju)有盆嶺相間，棋(qi)盤格(ge)狀展布之格(ge)局(ju).大(da)多為燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)期花崗巖(yan)，土(tu)壤為花崗巖(yan)風化形成的山(shan)(shan)地紅(hong)壤，山(shan)(shan)地黃紅(hong)壤和山(shan)(shan)地黃壤，以及小范(fan)圍的山(shan)(shan)地草甸(dian)土(tu)。

氣候特征

氣候(hou)屬亞熱帶濕(shi)潤季風(feng)氣候(hou)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣溫16～18℃，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)192919mm，相對濕(shi)度83%。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)輻(fu)射量(liang)為(wei)10069711/cm2，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照為(wei)159716小時，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)霜期270天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)霧日(ri)88天(tian)。

保護對象

森林資源

保護(hu)區(qu)位于武夷山(shan)脈中段腹地，森(sen)林植被以天然常綠闊葉林為主，森(sen)林覆蓋率(lv)達96.3%，生態環境優(you)良，生物(wu)多樣(yang)性豐(feng)富。區(qu)內有高(gao)等(deng)植物(wu)275科(ke)(ke)1005屬2483種(zhong)，陸生脊(ji)椎(zhui)動物(wu)27目91科(ke)(ke)387種(zhong)。

馬頭(tou)山自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)保(bao)存有(you)(you)較大范圍的原生性較強的天然常綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林，生物多樣(yang)性極為豐(feng)富(fu)。高等(deng)植物約2500種，其中(zhong)屬國家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)植物名錄(第一批)有(you)(you)20余種，長葉(xie)榧(Torreyajackii)和蛛網萼(Platycraterargnta)，江西(xi)僅在此有(you)(you)分布。

動物資源

其中(zhong)國家重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)植物(wu)有20種(zhong)，國家重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)有54種(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對象為(wei)美(mei)毛(mao)含笑、蛛網萼、伯(bo)樂(le)樹(shu)等大面積(ji)的珍稀植物(wu)原生(sheng)種(zhong)群，其中(zhong)屬國家重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)長(chang)葉(xie)榧(fei)(Torreyajackii)、蛛網萼(Platycraterargnta)為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)全省特有物(wu)種(zhong)。還有南(nan)方紅豆杉、福建柏、天然(ran)杉木、伯(bo)樂(le)樹(shu)、莼菜、報春(chun)苣(ju)苔、白頸(jing)長(chang)尾雉(zhi)、黃腹角雉(zhi)、云豹、獼(mi)猴、黑熊等珍稀野生(sheng)動植物(wu)物(wu)種(zhong)。

藥用資源

有(you)(you)豐富(fu)的野(ye)生(sheng)攀緣(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源， 通過野(ye)外采(cai)集及標本的整理(li)鑒定，初步確認該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)有(you)(you)攀緣(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)40科92屬222種(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)種(zhong)下等級)。根據對(dui)馬頭山攀緣(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)分(fen)析(xi)的結果(guo)，該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)攀緣(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)具有(you)(you)以(yi)下特(te)征：(1)種(zhong)類(lei)組成(cheng)豐富(fu)，地理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)復雜；(2)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)中(zhong)熱帶性地理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)占(zhan)主導地位；(3)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)分(fen)相(xiang)對(dui)古老，特(te)有(you)(you)類(lei)群豐富(fu)，多型性突出(chu)；(4)華(hua)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)特(te)征明顯。

藥用植(zhi)物資(zi)源(yuan)分布(bu)

初步查明馬頭山(shan)自然保護(hu)區(qu)內有藥用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)231科(ke)759屬(shu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)裸子植(zhi)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)13種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)8科(ke)13屬(shu)，被(bei)子植(zhi)物(wu)1483種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)161科(ke)653屬(shu)。區(qu)內常用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥為(wei)(wei)187種(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)真菌29種(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)苔(tai)蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)蕨(jue)類88種(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)1494種(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)珍稀瀕危植(zhi)物(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)特有植(zhi)物(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)，江西地理記錄新分(fen)布(bu)8種(zhong)(zhong)。

（1）常用中藥植物

江西是中(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)藥材主要(yao)產區之一，收(shou)購使用(yong)的(de)中(zhong)藥有342種(zhong)(zhong)，而保護(hu)區內(nei)的(de)中(zhong)藥就有187種(zhong)(zhong)(《中(zhong)國(guo)藥典》2000年(nian)版收(shou)載(zai)的(de))。數量較(jiao)多的(de)有銀杏，側柏，厚樸，烏藥，仙鶴草，金櫻子，葛，忍冬，旌(jing)節花，吳(wu)茱萸，女(nv)貞，絡(luo)石，梔子，鉤藤(teng)，烏頭，威靈仙，大血藤(teng)，半夏，白及等。

（2）藥用真菌植物(wu)

馬頭(tou)山自然保(bao)護區鑒定了(le)的真菌有(you)(you)91種(zhong)，其(qi)中29種(zhong)為藥(yao)用真菌，如銀耳(er)(er)，黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)(er)，靈芝(zhi)，茯苓，香菇(gu)，紫紅菇(gu)，絨(rong)紫紅菇(gu)，菱紅菇(gu)，側耳(er)(er)，竹蓀等。靈芝(zhi)，銀耳(er)(er)，黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)(er)，茯苓為常用中藥(yao)，在(zai)臨床上(shang)具有(you)(you)較好的治(zhi)療效果(guo)。此外，許(xu)多(duo)種(zhong)類是食藥(yao)兩用的真菌，如潔麗香菇(gu)，硬毛香菇(gu)，松乳(ru)菇(gu)，毛木(mu)耳(er)(er)等種(zhong)。

（3）藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)江西省蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有433種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)114屬(shu)49科(ke)，其(qi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)195種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)84屬(shu)45科(ke)。馬(ma)頭(tou)(tou)山自然保護區的蕨(jue)(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有142種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)62屬(shu)30科(ke)，其(qi)中(zhong)《中(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)典(dian)》，《中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)志》所收載的常用(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)有8種(zhong)(zhong)，它們分(fen)別為(wei)石松，紫萁(ji)，海金沙，烏蕨(jue)(jue)，野雞尾，石韋，卷柏，槲蕨(jue)(jue)等。214藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)馬(ma)頭(tou)(tou)山自然保護區內的藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有1494種(zhong)(zhong)(包括常用(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)，特有種(zhong)(zhong)，珍稀瀕危種(zhong)(zhong)，新分(fen)布等)，其(qi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)，雙(shuang)子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1294種(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)。?

（4）藥用(yong)珍稀(xi)(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)保護(hu)區內除具(ju)有(you)(you)豐富的中藥及藥用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，藥用(yong)蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)等(deng)資源外，尚有(you)(you)許多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀(xi)(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，其中有(you)(you)相當部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，區內共(gong)有(you)(you)藥用(yong)珍稀(xi)(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)，它們分(fen)別(bie)是鵝掌楸，乳源木(mu)蓮，東(dong)(dong)方古柯，青牛膽(dan)，扯根草，半蒴苣(ju)苔，福(fu)建柏，短梗大參/花葉開(kai)唇蘭，石斛(hu)等(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)。保護(hu)區內繁多(duo)的野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)中，有(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)特(te)有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，隸(li)屬12屬13科，均(jun)為(wei)藥用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)，分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)銀杏(xing)，臘梅(mei)，亮葉臘梅(mei)，喜(xi)樹，青錢柳，杜(du)仲(zhong)，枸杞，華紫珠，老(lao)鴉糊，廣東(dong)(dong)紫珠，長柄紫。

藥用植物資源

馬頭山自(zi)然保護區內(nei)1647種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)隸屬231科759屬，分(fen)布區類(lei)型廣泛，分(fen)屬14個分(fen)布區類(lei)型和16個分(fen)布區變型[8]，單種(zhong)(zhong)屬，單種(zhong)(zhong)科約有(you)10個，其中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材為(wei)(wei)187種(zhong)(zhong)(均為(wei)(wei)《中(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)典(dian)》2000年(nian)版(ban)收載)，尚有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多的民間(jian)草藥(yao)(yao)。從資源的分(fen)類(lei)群及性(xing)狀組(zu)成分(fen)析，1647種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藻類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)真菌類(lei)29種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)衣類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)苔蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨類(lei)88種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1296種(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)。草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1002種(zhong)(zhong)，木本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)423種(zhong)(zhong)，藤(teng)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)157種(zhong)(zhong)。區內(nei)復雜的自(zi)然條件(jian)為(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的生長發育提供(gong)了不同(tong)的生態環境。藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源十分(fen)豐(feng)富，共有(you)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)1496種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬666屬169科。同(tong)樣，區內(nei)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系成分(fen)十分(fen)豐(feng)富。

馬頭(tou)(tou)山(shan)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有(you)(you)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，其中(zhong)(zhong)熱帶(dai)性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)92科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5219%；溫帶(dai)性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1312%；世(shi)界分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2316%；東亞和(he)(he)東亞2北美(mei)間斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8105%；中(zhong)(zhong)國特有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占(zhan)總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)213%。在174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)，含54～73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，薔薇(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含30～42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)禾本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，唇形科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，百合(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，茜草(cao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含20～26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)樟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蘭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，馬鞭草(cao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，大戟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山(shan)茶科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，葡萄科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傘(san)形科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。412屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析根(gen)據(ju)吳征鎰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)系(xi)統(tong)，馬頭(tou)(tou)山(shan)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)666屬，歸屬于14個分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)16個分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)變(bian)型(xing)(xing)。除中(zhong)(zhong)亞分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)外(wai)，馬頭(tou)(tou)山(shan)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)包(bao)括了中(zhong)(zhong)國所有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)。

馬(ma)(ma)頭山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)與世界各部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)廣泛(fan)聯系(xi)及(ji)與熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)的(de)(de)密切(qie)聯系(xi)。熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型占(zhan)優(you)勢：馬(ma)(ma)頭山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)性分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)有316屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)4716%。東(dong)亞及(ji)東(dong)亞和北(bei)(bei)美洲間(jian)斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型突出：在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)東(dong)亞及(ji)東(dong)亞2北(bei)(bei)美間(jian)斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)共計130屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)1916%，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)東(dong)亞分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)(de)4315%。古(gu)老分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型較明顯：保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)三(san)尖杉，銀杏，南方紅豆杉，長(chang)葉(xie)榧樹(shu)等，為(wei)(wei)典(dian)型的(de)(de)孓遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或第三(san)，四紀殘遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鵝掌楸，青錢柳(liu)，伯(bo)樂樹(shu)，楓香(xiang)，臘梅等均為(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)學(xue)殘遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型較多(duo)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)特(te)有屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)257屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，在(zai)(zai)江(jiang)西(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)有50屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)1117%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)22屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)816%，占(zhan)江(jiang)西(xi)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)7313%。在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內共有18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)特(te)有植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)12特(te)有屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)4167%，占(zhan)江(jiang)西(xi)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)24%。413種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)古(gu)特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)新特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。非特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)性種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有753種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)性種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有349種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，世界性分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東(dong)亞和東(dong)亞2北(bei)(bei)美洲間(jian)斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從(cong)上述分(fen)(fen)(fen)析可見，在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭山自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)具(ju)有熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)性性質。

蜜源植物

保護(hu)區內的(de)(de)野(ye)生蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)十(shi)分豐(feng)富(fu)，主要蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)杜鵑花屬(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，該(gai)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)蜂蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)色淺(qian)(qian)，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質優(you)良(liang)(liang)，結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)乳白色，味(wei)甘甜純(chun)正適口。夏季(ji)蜂蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)小果冬(dong)青，花多，泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)豐(feng)富(fu)，對蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂有強烈的(de)(de)誘惑力，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)淺(qian)(qian)琥珀(po)(po)色半透(tou)明，結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)乳白細膩(ni)，味(wei)純(chun)正，甘甜，清香(xiang)適口。秋季(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)豆科的(de)(de)胡(hu)枝子屬(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，開花泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時間較(jiao)長，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)淺(qian)(qian)琥珀(po)(po)色，結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)潔白，細膩(ni)如(ru)(ru)脂，氣(qi)味(wei)芳香(xiang)，甜而(er)不膩(ni)，質優(you)良(liang)(liang)。冬(dong)季(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)山(shan)茶(cha)科柃屬(shu)的(de)(de)多種(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，其花香(xiang)，泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)豐(feng)富(fu)，誘蜂力強，為冬(dong)季(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)特(te)殊種(zhong)類，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)水白透(tou)明，濃郁芳香(xiang)，蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質優(you)良(liang)(liang)。此(ci)外還有刺(ci)槐(huai)，柿(shi)，泡桐，山(shan)烏桕，椴(duan)樹，杜荊(jing)等多種(zhong)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，這為發(fa)展本地區的(de)(de)養蜂業創造了良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)自然環境。

植物色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)(su)作為食品著(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)劑和紡織(zhi)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)原料已被廣(guang)泛應用(yong)，如(ru)殼斗科的(de)多穗柯葉中富(fu)含棕色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)(su)，應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)糖果(guo)，冷(leng)飲(yin)，糕(gao)點等(deng)食品中著(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)，呈色(se)(se)(se)與(yu)可(ke)(ke)可(ke)(ke)糖相似，效(xiao)果(guo)良好。茜草科梔(zhi)子的(de)果(guo)實可(ke)(ke)提(ti)取(qu)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)(su)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)纖維染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)，也可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)食品著(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)。茜草根中所含茜草紅色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)(su)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)植物纖維的(de)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)，亦可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)食品著(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)，鼠李科凍綠(lv)的(de)莖(jing)皮含綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)(su)，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)棉絲(si)織(zhi)品的(de)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)等(deng)。

花卉植物

保護區內(nei)(nei)野生花(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)豐富，蘭(lan)科的(de)蘭(lan)花(hua)(hua)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，如鶴頂蘭(lan)，斑(ban)葉(xie)(xie)蘭(lan)，建蘭(lan)，春蘭(lan)，寒蘭(lan)，竹葉(xie)(xie)蘭(lan)，花(hua)(hua)葉(xie)(xie)開唇蘭(lan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，這(zhe)些植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)具有很(hen)高的(de)觀賞(shang)價值，同時(shi)又可藥(yao)用。杜鵑(juan)(juan)花(hua)(hua)是世界名(ming)花(hua)(hua)，也(ye)是中國(guo)十大(da)名(ming)花(hua)(hua)之一，人們對它(ta)(ta)十分厚(hou)愛，其同屬植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有滿(man)山紅，鹿角杜鵑(juan)(juan)，馬銀花(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)均作為觀花(hua)(hua)的(de)花(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。觀賞(shang)的(de)花(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)還有木蘭(lan)科，竹科等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。此外，保護區內(nei)(nei)還有許多(duo)抗(kang)(kang)污染植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，它(ta)(ta)們能(neng)夠吸(xi)收大(da)氣中的(de)有害氣體(ti)，滯留灰塵，殺滅細(xi)菌，減(jian)少噪音，從(cong)而保護大(da)氣中氧(yang)氣和二氧(yang)化碳(tan)的(de)平衡(heng)。如合(he)歡，構(gou)樹(shu)(shu)，臭椿，紫薇，楊梅等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)均有抗(kang)(kang)二氧(yang)化硫的(de)特(te)性。抗(kang)(kang)氯氣的(de)有側(ce)柏，樟(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)，栓(shuan)皮櫟，棕櫚，女貞(zhen)，石(shi)楠，蚊母樹(shu)(shu)，胡頹子，枸(gou)骨等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)(kang)鎘(ge)污染源(yuan)的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有尾葉(xie)(xie)冬青(qing)，刺果衛矛等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)(kang)硫化物(wu)(wu)的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有楓楊，喜樹(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)(kang)汞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有山楂，刺槐，枇杷等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。樸樹(shu)(shu)，榆樹(shu)(shu)，銀杏，桑(sang)樹(shu)(shu)，木槿以(yi)及臭椿，枇杷，紫薇，烏桕等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)具有吸(xi)塵，滯塵能(neng)力強特(te)色。

區域面積

保護(hu)區總(zong)面積(ji)13866.53公(gong)頃，其中(zhong)核心區4286.08公(gong)頃、占(zhan)保護(hu)區總(zong)面積(ji)的30.9%，緩沖(chong)區3438.72公(gong)頃、占(zhan)24.8%，實驗區6141.73公(gong)頃、占(zhan)44.3%。

開發利用

藥用植物(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)開發與利用

馬頭山(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)由(you)于(yu)(yu)所處(chu)的(de)特殊地(di)理(li)位(wei)置，區(qu)(qu)內(nei)有(you)(you)著豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)資源。據初步統(tong)計，蕨類(lei)(lei)植物在(zai)《中國藥(yao)(yao)典》中收載的(de)有(you)(you)4科5屬8種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植物在(zai)《中國藥(yao)(yao)典》中共收載86科149屬179種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)懸鉤子(zi)(zi)屬植物有(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)之多，其(qi)中大部分種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)果實可作覆盆(pen)子(zi)(zi)中藥(yao)(yao)使用，覆盆(pen)子(zi)(zi)能益腎(shen)(shen)，固精(jing)，縮尿，用于(yu)(yu)腎(shen)(shen)虛尿頻，陽痿(wei)早泄，白帶增多等(deng)(deng)癥。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)尚(shang)有(you)(you)許多種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)中藥(yao)(yao)，如細辛類(lei)(lei)，木通類(lei)(lei)，五(wu)味(wei)子(zi)(zi)類(lei)(lei)，栝樓類(lei)(lei)，前胡類(lei)(lei)，五(wu)加(jia)皮類(lei)(lei)，吳茱萸類(lei)(lei)，麥(mai)冬類(lei)(lei)，薯蕷類(lei)(lei)，七葉一(yi)枝花類(lei)(lei)，沙參(can)類(lei)(lei)以(yi)及烏頭，黃連，草珊瑚(hu)，鉤藤等(deng)(deng)中藥(yao)(yao)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)特殊的(de)地(di)理(li)環境，保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)中藥(yao)(yao)資源種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)極豐(feng)富(fu)，有(you)(you)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)蘊藏量(liang)較(jiao)大，但有(you)(you)的(de)蘊藏量(liang)較(jiao)小的(de)如石斛，獨蒜蘭，石仙(xian)桃(tao)，徐(xu)長(chang)卿，八角(jiao)蓮等(deng)(deng)，這些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)應注(zhu)意(yi)不可過度采挖，應采取合理(li)措施，使這些(xie)中藥(yao)(yao)資源永(yong)續利(li)用。而(er)對于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)廬山(shan)(shan)石韋，槲(hu)蕨，大血藤，大葉冬青，山(shan)(shan)雞椒，山(shan)(shan)臘梅，柳(liu)葉臘梅，崖豆(dou)藤屬，獼(mi)猴桃(tao)屬等(deng)(deng)植物，可以(yi)進行合理(li)的(de)開發利(li)用。

區內芳香(xiang)(xiang)植物資源豐富，蘊藏量大，其種類較(jiao)多的(de)科有(you)樟(zhang)科樟(zhang)樹(shu)葉(xie)(xie)，枝(zhi)干，樹(shu)皮均含(han)(han)揮發油(you)(you)(you)(樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you))，平均含(han)(han)量3%～6%，油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含(han)(han)樟(zhang)腦(nao)10%～50%。樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)經分(fen)(fen)餾后又分(fen)(fen)為白樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)，紅樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)和(he)蘭樟(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)，分(fen)(fen)別為制取(qu)桉油(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)素的(de)原(yuan)料，合成香(xiang)(xiang)料的(de)原(yuan)料。細葉(xie)(xie)香(xiang)(xiang)桂的(de)葉(xie)(xie)是魚肉菜肴，醬油(you)(you)(you)，泡(pao)菜，罐(guan)頭等(deng)的(de)重要(yao)配料，能增加食(shi)品風味(wei)，具有(you)強烈(lie)芳香(xiang)(xiang)和(he)辛辣氣味(wei)。菊(ju)科野(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)的(de)干花(hua)和(he)葉(xie)(xie)含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)011%～012%，可提取(qu)芳香(xiang)(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)含(han)(han)有(you)α2蒎烯，檸檬烯，桉油(you)(you)(you)精等(deng))或浸膏，調制各(ge)種皂用香(xiang)(xiang)精。