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歷史沿革

高(gao)格斯臺罕烏拉自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)1997年經(jing)阿旗人民政府批準成立(li)；1999年，晉升為市級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)；2001年晉升為自治區(qu)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)。2011年4月16日國務院辦公廳正式批準保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)晉升為國家級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)。

區域范圍

高格斯(si)臺罕烏拉自然保護(hu)區(qu)位(wei)于內蒙(meng)古赤峰市阿魯科(ke)爾沁旗(qi)(qi)(qi)北(bei)部(bu)，地(di)理坐標為東經119度(du)03分至119度(du)39分；北(bei)緯(wei)44度(du)41分至45度(du)08分，總面積106284公(gong)頃。保護(hu)區(qu)以阿魯科(ke)爾沁旗(qi)(qi)(qi)罕山林場(chang)為主體，北(bei)與本旗(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)罕蘇木(mu)蘇木(mu)毗鄰；南與巴林左旗(qi)(qi)(qi)和本旗(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)罕蘇木(mu)蘇木(mu)接壤(rang)，東與內蒙(meng)古通遼市扎魯特旗(qi)(qi)(qi)相連，西(xi)鄰錫林郭勒盟的(de)(de)西(xi)烏珠穆沁旗(qi)(qi)(qi)。

保護區(qu)地(di)處(chu)大(da)興安嶺南(nan)段山地(di)中(zhong)部，是蒙古高原與東北(bei)平原、森林與草(cao)原、華北(bei)植物區(qu)系與東北(bei)植物區(qu)系過渡的(de)(de)典型地(di)段，有森林、灌(guan)叢、草(cao)原、濕地(di)等多樣(yang)的(de)(de)生態系統(tong)。森林茂密、草(cao)原廣袤、溪流縱橫、物種豐富。對阻擋蒙古高原風沙向(xiang)南(nan)侵襲具(ju)有重要的(de)(de)生態屏障(zhang)作用。

保護目標

保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象為：保(bao)護(hu)(hu)大興安嶺南麓山(shan)地典型的(de)(de)過渡帶森林—草原(yuan)生態系(xi)統的(de)(de)完整性；保(bao)護(hu)(hu)西遼河源(yuan)頭的(de)(de)重(zhong)要濕地生態系(xi)統；保(bao)護(hu)(hu)棲息于該生態系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)野生馬鹿(lu)（東北亞種）種群；保(bao)護(hu)(hu)國家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類(lei)大鴇、黑鸛及其(qi)它珍(zhen)稀瀕危鳥類(lei)的(de)(de)繁(fan)殖地。

這里不僅有多樣(yang)的(de)生(sheng)物資源和自然生(sheng)態系統，還(huan)有第四紀冰川期遺留的(de)豐富(fu)地(di)質景(jing)觀。步入高格斯臺(tai)，冰川切(qie)割形成的(de)三(san)角面、冰坎地(di)貌、心形山、冰川漂礫等地(di)質景(jing)觀隨處可見(jian)，是學習地(di)質知識的(de)天然教科書。

動植物資源

高(gao)格斯(si)臺(tai)特殊的(de)自然地理條件得以保存了(le)眾(zhong)多的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。初步科學考察證(zheng)實，保護區有(you)7個(ge)植(zhi)被型、33個(ge)群系(xi)；有(you)苔鮮植(zhi)物(wu)132種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)700種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。發現(xian)中(zhong)國(guo)苔蘚新(xin)記(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、內蒙古新(xin)記(ji)錄9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保護植(zhi)物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、列入(ru)《珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》保護的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)內蒙古珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)保護植(zhi)物(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)野生(sheng)大(da)(da)型真菌160種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)脊椎動物(wu)241種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)魚類(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩棲類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類(lei)(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)(lei)182種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)37種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)大(da)(da)鴇、大(da)(da)天(tian)鵝、蓑(suo)羽(yu)(yu)鶴(he)(he)、白枕鶴(he)(he)、黑(hei)琴(qin)雞(ji)、雕鸮、烏雕、紅腳隼等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保護鳥類(lei)(lei)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、有(you)馬(ma)鹿(lu)、猞猁等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保護獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)昆(kun)蟲1293種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)中(zhong)國(guo)昆(kun)蟲新(xin)記(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在保護區境(jing)內發現(xian)半翅目昆(kun)蟲新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，定名為巴氏直緣長蝽(chun),保護區是該(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)昆(kun)蟲模式(shi)標本采集地。高(gao)格斯(si)臺(tai)是鳥類(lei)(lei)重要(yao)的(de)繁殖(zhi)地和野生(sheng)馬(ma)鹿(lu)的(de)家(jia)(jia)園。大(da)(da)鴇、黑(hei)鸛、蓑(suo)羽(yu)(yu)鶴(he)(he)、黑(hei)琴(qin)雞(ji)等(deng)珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)鳥類(lei)(lei)均在此(ci)筑巢繁殖(zhi)；這里保存了(le)我(wo)國(guo)馬(ma)鹿(lu)（東北亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）十分重要(yao)的(de)野生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群，無論春夏秋冬，都隨處可見(jian)馬(ma)鹿(lu)活動的(de)蹤(zong)影。

旅游資源

罕(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)位于內蒙古自治區阿魯科(ke)爾沁旗巴彥溫都蘇木(mu)北部(bu)，是屬于大興(xing)安嶺的(de)支(zhi)脈。由眾多(duo)高(gao)(gao)大的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰組成(cheng)，其中高(gao)(gao)格斯臺罕(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔1531米，因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢高(gao)(gao)大雄偉，頂部(bu)平(ping)坦，植物低矮，故名高(gao)(gao)大平(ping)頂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。它與東南方(fang)的(de)巴岱(dai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和西南方(fang)的(de)烏蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，構成(cheng)了綠樹如(ru)屏(ping)，繁花(hua)(hua)如(ru)云的(de)“美三角”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上云霧繚繞(rao)，泉(quan)水叮咚(dong)可見，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下百花(hua)(hua)爭(zheng)艷，四周群(qun)峰疊翠。這里(li)樹木(mu)成(cheng)蔭(yin)，鳥(niao)語花(hua)(hua)香，更因盛產的(de)“罕(han)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)四寶”--鹿群(qun)、蕨(jue)菜、黃花(hua)(hua)、木(mu)耳而聞名遐邇。

旅(lv)游(you)區內山路平緩，游(you)人可(ke)乘(cheng)車(che)一直到山頂，這里谷深峰高(gao)、氣候(hou)溫和濕潤。春季(ji)柳舒(shu)花放、萬紫千紅。夏(xia)季(ji)草原(yuan)碧(bi)綠(lv)、鳥語花香(xiang)(xiang)、林海莽莽、綠(lv)樹如屏、高(gao)山流水、云(yun)霧(wu)繚繞。秋(qiu)季(ji)，金(jin)風送爽、楓葉(xie)如火、天高(gao)云(yun)淡、奶(nai)酒飄(piao)香(xiang)(xiang)。冬季(ji)，千里冰封(feng)、銀(yin)裝素裹、原(yuan)野空曠、禽(qin)獸(shou)出(chu)沒。旅(lv)游(you)者還可(ke)以走(zou)進蒙古包，喝上飄(piao)香(xiang)(xiang)的奶(nai)茶，吃上可(ke)口(kou)的手抓肉(rou)，盡(jin)情(qing)領略蒙古族民(min)情(qing)。

生態價值

保(bao)護區(qu)對保(bao)護我國重要(yao)的生(sheng)物(wu)資源基因庫，同時(shi)對阻擋蒙古(gu)高原(yuan)風(feng)沙向(xiang)南侵襲具(ju)有重要(yao)的生(sheng)態(tai)屏障作用(yong)。保(bao)護區(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)保(bao)護對象(xiang)的典(dian)型(xing)性(xing)(xing)、稀有性(xing)(xing)、瀕危性(xing)(xing)和(he)代表性(xing)(xing)較強，在保(bao)護生(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)資源、維持生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)良(liang)性(xing)(xing)循環等(deng)方面具(ju)有重要(yao)作用(yong)。