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云(yun)霧山自(zi)然保護區（Yunwushan Nature Re-Serve） 中(zhong)國第2個草(cao)(cao)原保護區。屬黃土(tu)(tu)高原長(chang)芒(mang)草(cao)(cao)群系保留較好的(de)(de)典型地區，對開(kai)展草(cao)(cao)原生(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)(de)定(ding)位研究，探索草(cao)(cao)原、畜(chu)牧、水(shui)(shui)土(tu)(tu)保持間的(de)(de)關系有(you)重要科研價值。位于(yu)寧夏固原縣(xian)東(dong)北，為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱(han)黃土(tu)(tu)丘陵低(di)山區。已劃定(ding)自(zi)然保護區面積1300公頃。海(hai)拔多在1800～1900米，頂峰(feng)2148米。年(nian)均溫(wen)(wen)6℃，年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量約(yue)350～400毫米，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要為(wei)(wei)淡黑壚土(tu)(tu)。有(you)種子植(zhi)物181種，其(qi)中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)本植(zhi)物140多種，包括飼用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物110種，藥用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物41種；脊椎動物80種。共有(you)典型草(cao)(cao)原、草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)原、荒漠草(cao)(cao)原、中(zhong)生(sheng)落(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)灌叢和耐旱(han)落(luo)葉(xie)灌叢等5個植(zhi)被亞型，11個重要群系。其(qi)中(zhong)以典型草(cao)(cao)原的(de)(de)長(chang)芒(mang)草(cao)(cao)群系占優勢，為(wei)(wei)黃土(tu)(tu)高原叢生(sheng)禾草(cao)(cao)草(cao)(cao)原的(de)(de)代表類型。其(qi)次為(wei)(wei)百里(li)香、鐵桿蒿、茭蒿、委陵菜等。經幾(ji)年(nian)來的(de)(de)保護，草(cao)(cao)場生(sheng)產力(li)已由畝(mu)產鮮草(cao)(cao)100～150千克提高到400～600千克，是良好的(de)(de)常年(nian)牧場。

歷史

1982年(nian)(nian)，固原縣(xian)在云霧山建立(li)了面積(ji)達4000公頃的(de)草原自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)，1995年(nian)(nian)被列為省(sheng)(區(qu))級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)，這也是(shi)我國(guo)黃土高原建立(li)的(de)第(di)一個草地類自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。

地理環境

云霧山主

云霧山(shan)草原自然保護區(qu)峰海拔2128米，山(shan)基由(you)白(bai)云巖(yan)、紅色砂礫組成，土壤為地灰褐土和淡黑壚土，生(sheng)長草甸植被(bei)。

自然資源

保護(hu)(hu)區內有植(zhi)物51科(ke)131屬(shu)182種(zhong)(zhong)，動物40科(ke)74屬(shu)80種(zhong)(zhong)，益(yi)蟲14科(ke)28種(zhong)(zhong)，蜘蛛5科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)。保護(hu)(hu)區所保護(hu)(hu)的(de)對象(xiang)就是這(zhe)些草原(yuan)植(zhi)被及其生(sheng)態系統(tong)，包(bao)括氣(qi)候(hou)、土壤、昆蟲、野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物、微生(sheng)物等。

生態保護

自80年(nian)(nian)云霧(wu)山草原(yuan)(yuan)自然(ran)保護區自然(ran)風光代中期(qi)于日本、美國(guo)、德國(guo)等生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)學(xue)、土壤學(xue)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)等方面的科(ke)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)開展了合作研究，目(mu)前已(yi)成為中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院水利部(bu)水土保持(chi)研究所、西北農林(lin)科(ke)技大(da)學(xue)、蘭州大(da)學(xue)、寧夏大(da)學(xue)草業(ye)科(ke)學(xue)研究與(yu)研究生(sheng)(sheng)培養、農業(ye)部(bu)狐(hu)貍(li)野性(xing)(xing)化(hua)馴養和(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局退(tui)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)定位(wei)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)基地及全球氣候變(bian)化(hua)定位(wei)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)點，經過(guo)近30年(nian)(nian)的封禁(jin)和(he)(he)草原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)定位(wei)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)研究，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)經濟社會效益顯(xian)著，已(yi)成為我國(guo)西部(bu)草原(yuan)(yuan)植被恢復與(yu)草原(yuan)(yuan)自然(ran)修復的一個成功典(dian)范，為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)退(tui)耕還(huan)林(lin)草與(yu)地方封山禁(jin)牧工程(cheng)的實施提供了重要科(ke)學(xue)依據。

天然草地自然修復成效顯著

20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代初期(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)區(qu)域考察的基礎(chu)上，我(wo)(wo)們提出(chu)(chu)并在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)西部寧(ning)夏固(gu)原云霧山(shan)建(jian)立了(le)(le)最(zui)早的典型草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原自然保護區(qu)，封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)保護面(mian)積由0.23萬hm已擴(kuo)大(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)1 萬hm。通(tong)過近30年(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)定位試(shi)驗，根據草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)退(tui)化(hua)(hua)程度(du)采取(qu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)、改(gai)良(liang)、補播等草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)建(jian)設技(ji)術途徑，使退(tui)化(hua)(hua)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)植(zhi)被種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類成分(fen)(fen)、牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長發育和(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)境條件(jian)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)全面(mian)改(gai)善，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產力有了(le)(le)很大(da)提高，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類成分(fen)(fen)發生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)顯(xian)著變化(hua)(hua)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)初期(qi)(qi)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)僅為(wei)53種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)灌(guan)木(mu)和(he)(he)半灌(guan)木(mu)占8%，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)(ben)占92%，多(duo)數(shu)(shu)以旱生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)組成，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)平(ping)均為(wei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)/m。隨封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)期(qi)(qi)延(yan)長物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)加(jia)，封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)的第15年(nian)(nian)(1996年(nian)(nian))，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)峰值，平(ping)均為(wei)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)/m，是未封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)的3.1倍(bei)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)群(qun)落(luo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)186種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，是未封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)的3.5倍(bei)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)灌(guan)木(mu)和(he)(he)半灌(guan)木(mu)占12%，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)(ben)占88%，多(duo)數(shu)(shu)以中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)旱生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)組成，并出(chu)(chu)現(xian)大(da)量森林草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原地(di)(di)帶的灌(guan)木(mu)和(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)(ben)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)覆蓋度(du)由35%提高到(dao)(dao)(dao)95%，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量由750提高到(dao)(dao)(dao)7560kg/hm。特別(bie)是在(zai)(zai)1986和(he)(he)1991年(nian)(nian)降雨量274.8mm和(he)(he)259.7mm的大(da)旱年(nian)(nian)份(fen)，寧(ning)夏固(gu)原2/3的地(di)(di)方由于干旱缺草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)造(zao)成60%~70%牲(sheng)畜(chu)死亡，但封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)保護和(he)(he)改(gai)良(liang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)周圍(wei)的鄉村5.0~6.0萬頭牲(sheng)畜(chu)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)挽救，直接減少經濟(ji)損失500萬元，充分(fen)(fen)發揮了(le)(le)"自然保護區(qu)"和(he)(he)改(gai)良(liang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)的顯(xian)著作用，保護區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)態、經濟(ji)、社會效益顯(xian)著，受(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)各級(ji)政府及群(qun)眾的一致贊揚，得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)地(di)(di)方政府表(biao)彰和(he)(he)獎勵。但封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)15年(nian)(nian)后隨封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)時間的延(yan)長，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)趨于下降，第24-28年(nian)(nian)(2008年(nian)(nian))物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度(du)僅為(wei)19.1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)/m。封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)期(qi)(qi)過長因枯草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)層(ceng)加(jia)厚而影響草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)自然更新與物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣性增(zeng)加(jia)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)土壤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)庫(ku)研究(jiu)表(biao)明(ming)，云霧山(shan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)土壤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)庫(ku)在(zai)(zai)空間分(fen)(fen)布上呈現(xian)一定的規律(lv)性，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)密(mi)度(du)在(zai)(zai)垂(chui)直分(fen)(fen)布上呈現(xian)出(chu)(chu)由表(biao)層(ceng)土壤向深層(ceng)逐層(ceng)減少的變化(hua)(hua)規律(lv)，水平(ping)分(fen)(fen)布上變化(hua)(hua)規律(lv)為(wei):封(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)>放牧;陰坡(po)>陽坡(po);下坡(po)>中(zhong)(zhong)坡(po)>上坡(po)，這些均是影響群(qun)落(luo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣性增(zeng)加(jia)和(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)繁殖更新的關鍵問題(ti)。

通過(guo)(guo)近30年的自然封(feng)禁試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，明確提出草(cao)(cao)地恢(hui)復(fu)的適(shi)宜(yi)封(feng)禁期(qi):在半干旱區(qu)森(sen)林草(cao)(cao)原地帶，草(cao)(cao)甸植被(bei)(bei)(bei)的適(shi)宜(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)3~5年，方可進行(xing)合(he)理的放(fang)牧或(huo)刈割利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)度退化(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)重的草(cao)(cao)甸植被(bei)(bei)(bei)在平(ping)水年需要(yao)封(feng)禁8~12年;在典型(xing)草(cao)(cao)原地帶，草(cao)(cao)地植被(bei)(bei)(bei)適(shi)宜(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)5~8年，方可進行(xing)合(he)理刈割和放(fang)牧利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，退化(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)重的草(cao)(cao)地植被(bei)(bei)(bei)在平(ping)水年約(yue)需封(feng)禁10~15年;在荒(huang)漠草(cao)(cao)原地帶，草(cao)(cao)地植被(bei)(bei)(bei)適(shi)宜(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)10~12年，方可進行(xing)合(he)理的刈割和放(fang)牧利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，退化(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)重草(cao)(cao)地在平(ping)水年約(yue)需封(feng)禁15~20年。這(zhe)一結論(lun)通過(guo)(guo)多年的試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)驗(yan)(yan)證，已(yi)建立了(le)示(shi)范樣板，為(wei)(wei)同類型(xing)區(qu)天然植被(bei)(bei)(bei)恢(hui)復(fu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)提供(gong)了(le)重要(yao)科學依據。

封禁草地自然演替過程與規律

通過近30年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)禁(jin)(jin)試驗(yan)，首次劃分(fen)(fen)了(le)草(cao)(cao)地(di)植(zhi)被(bei)恢復與(yu)(yu)時(shi)序演(yan)替(ti)過程，分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan):第(di)一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)持續增長(chang)聚集階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，即在(zai)(zai)封(feng)禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1~3年(nian)(nian)(nian)內以(yi)本(ben)氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅鄉(xiang)土(tu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)其它(ta)優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、伴生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和偶見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不斷適(shi)應新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)境，各項生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)指標穩(wen)定(ding)增長(chang);第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)激烈競爭(zheng)(zheng)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，也是封(feng)禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)4~9年(nian)(nian)(nian)，植(zhi)物(wu)數(shu)(shu)量大幅度(du)增長(chang)，并適(shi)應了(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)境，且(qie)相互展開了(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)競爭(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然選擇;第(di)三階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加速(su)恢復演(yan)替(ti)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，即封(feng)禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10~15年(nian)(nian)(nian)，植(zhi)物(wu)在(zai)(zai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)競爭(zheng)(zheng)中"物(wu)競天(tian)擇、適(shi)者(zhe)生(sheng)(sheng)存"，本(ben)氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅形成(cheng)明顯建群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，并不斷加速(su)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恢復與(yu)(yu)擴(kuo)展, 且(qie)已(yi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)"亞頂(ding)(ding)極(ji)";第(di)四階(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)居生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，封(feng)禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)16~21年(nian)(nian)(nian)本(ben)氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體數(shu)(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化基(ji)本(ben)穩(wen)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)19株/m，占群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)總數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90.5%，已(yi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)"亞頂(ding)(ding)極(ji)";第(di)五階(jie)段(duan)(duan)22~28年(nian)(nian)(nian)本(ben)氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)繁殖受枯草(cao)(cao)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體數(shu)(shu)量急劇下降，優勢(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大針(zhen)(zhen)茅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量巨增，密度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)16~26株/m，有替(ti)代本(ben)氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)。同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝道還出現大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中生(sheng)(sheng)灌木，多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)森林草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)，已(yi)由草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)坡下部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)坡或半陰(yin)坡以(yi)片狀分(fen)(fen)布，逐漸(jian)向草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹地(di)呈零星狀入(ru)侵，使草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)替(ti)進(jin)入(ru)了(le)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，形成(cheng)了(le)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拐點，直到(dao)(dao)封(feng)禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)28年(nian)(nian)(nian)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富度(du)仍保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)148種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，具有典型草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)向森林草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)類型演(yan)替(ti)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)。

封禁草地適度刈割利用技術

在(zai)黃土高原典型草(cao)原地(di)(di)帶，通(tong)過不同刈(yi)割(ge)(ge)強(qiang)度(du)試(shi)驗，表明適(shi)度(du)刈(yi)割(ge)(ge)可使草(cao)地(di)(di)保持較高的物種多(duo)樣(yang)性和生產力，并能促進草(cao)地(di)(di)物質平衡(heng)及良性循環，為(wei)封禁(jin)草(cao)地(di)(di)的合理刈(yi)割(ge)(ge)利用提供了重要依據。