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歷史沿革

1983年云南(nan)省人民(min)政府批準建立白馬(ma)雪山省級自然保護(hu)區，同時設(she)立保護(hu)區管理所。

1988年(nian)經國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批準(zhun)，將白馬雪(xue)山列為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區，面積(ji)為(wei)190144公頃，成立白馬雪(xue)山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區管理局。

2000年經國(guo)務(wu)院批準，保(bao)護區(qu)進行了擴建。

2003年，經(jing)迪慶州委、州人民政(zheng)府批(pi)準(zhun)，在州府所(suo)在地設立了云南白馬(ma)雪山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區管理局。

2018年2月8日，國(guo)務院同意調整(zheng)白馬雪(xue)山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的范圍，調整(zheng)后保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的面積、范圍和功能分區(qu)等由環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)部予以公布(bu)。

地理環境

位置

云南白馬雪(xue)(xue)山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區（以下簡稱保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區）保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區地(di)(di)跨九個鄉（鎮），即：德欽縣(xian)的(de)升平鎮，奔子(zi)欄(lan)鄉、霞(xia)(xia)若(ruo)鄉，維西(xi)縣(xian)的(de)巴迪鄉、葉枝(zhi)鄉、康(kang)普(pu)鄉、白濟汛鄉、攀天閣鄉和塔城鄉，地(di)(di)理坐標界(jie)于北(bei)(bei)緯27°24′-28°36′，東(dong)經98°57′-99°25′之間(jian)。西(xi)北(bei)(bei)起昂(ang)吾(wu)丫(ya)口(kou)，經赫馬埡卡、巴雜(za)埡卡至(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)木(mu)達江邊；東(dong)以金沙江為界(jie)下至(zhi)(zhi)奔子(zi)欄(lan)，沿(yan)(yan)2838高(gao)地(di)(di)山脊(ji)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)資蓋松亞(ya)，過格里丫(ya)口(kou)，沿(yan)(yan)山脊(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)曾家薄，過珠巴洛河到(dao)霞(xia)(xia)若(ruo)村公所，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)布養坪后(hou)山上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)4083高(gao)地(di)(di)、下落帕(pa)米(mi)沿(yan)(yan)國有林界(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)維西(xi)、德欽縣(xian)界(jie)，沿(yan)(yan)山脊(ji)下至(zhi)(zhi)糯擁3370高(gao)地(di)(di)。南沿(yan)(yan)許(xu)貢箐(qing)、汝(ru)河后(hou)山林班線至(zhi)(zhi)習究臘普(pu)河邊，沿(yan)(yan)河至(zhi)(zhi)使垮(kua)底上(shang)山，過阿茶、日沙勒、背母座梁子(zi)至(zhi)(zhi)收朵，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)南山后(hou)山至(zhi)(zhi)馬斯(si)達里河邊。北(bei)(bei)上(shang)仙(xian)人洞沿(yan)(yan)國有林界(jie)過小羊場、老樓房(fang)、石門關、葉枝(zhi)后(hou)箐(qing)、塞美堵、乍(zha)尼那(nei)、尼色隴(long)鼓至(zhi)(zhi)4504高(gao)地(di)(di)丫(ya)口(kou)，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)白馬雪(xue)(xue)山山脊(ji)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)昂(ang)吾(wu)丫(ya)口(kou)。

地貌

白(bai)馬雪(xue)山(shan)國家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保護區從白(bai)馬雪(xue)山(shan)的整個山(shan)體(ti)來看，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類型或(huo)稱(cheng)一級(ji)(ji)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形態比較單一， 是一組高(gao)大(da)雄偉的高(gao)山(shan)和極高(gao)山(shan)。其(qi)二級(ji)(ji)或(huo)三級(ji)(ji)微地(di)貌(mao)(mao)較為復雜，細分為山(shan)地(di)、峽谷、寬谷或(huo)河谷、小平原(yuan)、冰(bing)川凍土地(di)貌(mao)(mao)及重力(li)風(feng)化地(di)貌(mao)(mao)等類型。

水文

白馬雪(xue)山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)內的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)數量眾多，除了(le)金沙江干流(liu)(liu)外(wai)，還有一(yi)、二級(ji)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)50余條(tiao)。這(zhe)些(xie)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)除了(le)珠(zhu)(zhu)巴洛河(he)(he)(he)為(wei)較(jiao)大一(yi)級(ji)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)外(wai)（長約114km），其(qi)它均短(duan)小，僅(jin)有20km或更短(duan)。從流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)面積來(lai)看，珠(zhu)(zhu)巴洛河(he)(he)(he)大，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)面積為(wei)1835平方公(gong)里，其(qi)它河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)的流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)面積均在300平方公(gong)里以下。

氣候

白馬雪山(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)全(quan)年(nian)盛行西(xi)偏南風，但冬夏氣(qi)(qi)流的源(yuan)地(di)截然(ran)不同，仍(reng)屬(shu)亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候。保護區(qu)所在(zai)地(di)因(yin)處于低緯(wei)高原，氣(qi)(qi)溫年(nian)較差小，一般為14－18℃，而(er)近(jin)緯(wei)度中國(guo)東部地(di)區(qu)均在(zai)23℃以(yi)上。

土壤

保護區(qu)(qu)內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)垂(chui)直分帶很明顯，由低海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)到高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)，有下列幾種土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)：燥紅土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)地棕(zong)壤(rang)，山(shan)(shan)地暗棕(zong)壤(rang)，山(shan)(shan)地棕(zong)色(se)針葉林土(tu)(tu)(tu)，亞高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)，高山(shan)(shan)寒(han)漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)。另外局部地區(qu)(qu)有紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)，在(zai)人類耕(geng)作活動區(qu)(qu)為水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)等。

自然資源

植物資源

白(bai)馬(ma)雪山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)于寒溫性森林(lin)(lin)生態系(xi)統類(lei)型(xing)，是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)低緯度高(gao)海(hai)拔地區(qu)(qu)(qu)生物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源保(bao)存比較完(wan)整而原始的(de)高(gao)山針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。按中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)被(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)的(de)分區(qu)(qu)(qu)，屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)———東喜馬(ma)拉雅森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)、橫斷山脈地區(qu)(qu)(qu)， 是世界(jie)上(shang)高(gao)山植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)豐富的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域。 保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)已(yi)發現的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有142科，587屬(shu)，1747種(zhong)(zhong)（含亞種(zhong)(zhong)、變型(xing)和變種(zhong)(zhong)）。其中(zhong)(zhong)：裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科14屬(shu)29種(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)136科573屬(shu)1718種(zhong)(zhong)。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有(you)國家重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物24種，其(qi)中：一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物4種，二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物9種，三(san)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物11種；有(you)省級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物6種。其(qi)中：二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物2種，三(san)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物4種。

保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)的科(ke)、屬、種繁(fan)多，并幾乎包(bao)含(han)了世界溫(wen)帶分布(bu)的所有木本屬，如冷杉(shan)(shan)、云(yun)杉(shan)(shan)、松、槭、樺、櫟、杜鵑等。其中(zhong)冷杉(shan)(shan)屬有長苞(bao)冷杉(shan)(shan)、急尖長苞(bao)冷杉(shan)(shan)、蒼山(shan)冷杉(shan)(shan)、川滇冷杉(shan)(shan)、云(yun)南黃(huang)果冷杉(shan)(shan)和中(zhong)甸冷杉(shan)(shan)6個種（含(han)變種）， 同時(shi)薈萃于一(yi)個保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內，實為難得。杜鵑花屬已知有47種分布(bu)于保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內，其中(zhong)有36種為橫斷山(shan)特(te)有成(cheng)分，15種的模式產地在保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)及其附近(jin)。

保(bao)護(hu)區有國家及(ji)省(sheng)級保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)，分屬(shu)于(yu)20科(ke)(ke)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)1種(zhong)， 裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)6種(zhong)，被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)。 有觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)223屬(shu)724種(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7科(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)20種(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)28種(zhong)，種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)69科(ke)(ke)154屬(shu)568種(zhong)。有藥(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)110科(ke)(ke)242屬(shu)386種(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：菌類(lei)(lei)5科(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)7種(zhong)，地衣類(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)8種(zhong)，種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)224屬(shu)367種(zhong)。其它還有油(you)料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、淀粉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、用材樹種(zhong)、香料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、纖(xian)維植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鞣料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等與人類(lei)(lei)生活密(mi)切相(xiang)關的各(ge)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)。

動物資源

根(gen)據中國動物(wu)(wu)地理區(qu)(qu)劃，保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)動物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)東洋界、西南區(qu)(qu)、三(san)江縱谷亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)（橫斷山(shan)亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區共(gong)錄得哺乳(ru)類(lei)9目23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。占(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)哺乳(ru)類(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)16.8%，云南的(de)33.3%。主要的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)滇金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪(xue)(xue)豹(bao)、金(jin)錢(qian)豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、熊(xiong)猴(hou)(hou)、獼猴(hou)(hou)、穿(chuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)甲(jia)、黑(hei)熊(xiong)、棕熊(xiong)、小熊(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、石貂(diao)、水獺、猞(she)猁、高山(shan)(shan)(shan)麝(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、林麝(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、鬣羚(ling)(ling)、巖(yan)(yan)羊(yang)、長(chang)吻(wen)鼩(qu)(qu)鼴、白(bai)尾鼴、蹼足(zu)鼩(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)緬(mian)樹鼩(qu)(qu)等。在100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，本區及鄰近地區的(de)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)達43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)43.0%。其中(zhong)(zhong)：橫(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)型特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)——東喜馬拉(la)雅(ya)山(shan)(shan)(shan)型特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)—青藏高原型特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 本區尚(shang)擁有(you)(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)一些特(te)有(you)(you)(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（或亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）如：黑(hei)鼩(qu)(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、缺齒(chi)鼩(qu)(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、蹼足(zu)鼩(qu)(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、長(chang)吻(wen)鼩(qu)(qu)鼴屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、針尾鼴屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、白(bai)尾鼴屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、仰鼻猴(hou)(hou)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、小熊(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、斑靈(ling)(ling)(ling)貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、雪(xue)(xue)豹(bao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、毛(mao)冠鹿屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、巖(yan)(yan)羊(yang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 白(bai)喉巖(yan)(yan)松鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 復齒(chi)鼯(wu)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、林跳(tiao)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以及小熊(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼴亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、毛(mao)尾鼴亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、林跳(tiao)鼠(shu)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、蹶鼠(shu)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)等。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區有(you)(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍(zhen)稀(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)滇金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪(xue)(xue)豹(bao)、金(jin)錢(qian)豹(bao)、云豹(bao)等4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)獼猴(hou)(hou)、 穿(chuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)甲(jia)、黑(hei)熊(xiong)、藏馬熊(xiong)、豺、小熊(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、石貂(diao)、水獺、斑靈(ling)(ling)(ling)貍(li)、大靈(ling)(ling)(ling)貓(mao)(mao)、小靈(ling)(ling)(ling)貓(mao)(mao)、金(jin)貓(mao)(mao)、猞(she)猁、高山(shan)(shan)(shan)麝(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、林麝(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、黑(hei)麝(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、鬣羚(ling)(ling)、斑羚(ling)(ling)、矮巖(yan)(yan)羊(yang)、巖(yan)(yan)羊(yang)等20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；云南省Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)狼、毛(mao)冠鹿等2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)豹(bao)貓(mao)(mao)雖沒有(you)(you)(you)列入我國(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)名單，但為瀕危野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公(gong)約（CITES）規定的(de)Ⅱ類(lei)限量(liang)貿易保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)迄(qi)今為止共(gong)記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬17目43科另4亞(ya)科，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數約占(zhan)云南省記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)30.7%。其中(zhong)：留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)69.1%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)(he)冬候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)11.0%，夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)(he)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)19.9%。所錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong)，在(zai)該地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)（含留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)(he)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)歸屬，大致可劃分為4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型：繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域主(zhu)要在(zai)東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)(he)夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)29.2%；繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域主(zhu)要在(zai)古(gu)北(bei)(bei)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)北(bei)(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)15.1%； 繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域廣(guang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)于東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)和(he)(he)(he)古(gu)北(bei)(bei)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)26.9%； 分布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域主(zhu)要在(zai)四(si)川西部(bu)、西藏(zang)昌都(dou)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)部(bu)、青海、甘肅南緣，南抵云南西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)斷山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西南山地特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)28.8%。根據國(guo)務院1988年11月頒布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)野生動物保(bao)護法》和(he)(he)(he)1989年1月公布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護野生動物名錄》所列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，在(zai)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)所記(ji)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)中(zhong)，屬國(guo)家(jia) I 級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)：黑鸛、黑頸鶴(he)、金雕、胡兀鷲、擬(ni)兀鷲、斑尾(wei)榛雞(ji)(ji)、四(si)川雉鶉、黑頸長尾(wei)雉等8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬國(guo)家(jia)II級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)黑鳶、蒼鷹(ying)、松雀鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、高(gao)山鷹(ying)雕、普通(tong)鵟(kuang)、禿鷲、高(gao)山禿鷲、游隼、燕隼、灰背隼、紅隼、淡腹(fu)雪雞(ji)(ji)、血(xue)雉、紅腹(fu)角雉、白(bai)馬(ma)雞(ji)(ji)、勺雞(ji)(ji)、白(bai)腹(fu)錦雞(ji)(ji)、灰鶴(he)、楔(xie)尾(wei)綠(lv)鳩、大緋(fei)胸鸚鵡、灰林鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、白(bai)腹(fu)黑啄木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根據所采到的(de)標本經鑒定已知有13目(mu)，80科，447種(zhong)。它們(men)的(de)區(qu)系組成極其復(fu)雜(za)，主(zhu)要由東洋種(zhong)、古北(bei)種(zhong)、廣布(bu)種(zhong)、高山特有種(zhong)和地區(qu)特有種(zhong)組成。 保護區(qu)主(zhu)要的(de)珍稀高山昆蟲有： 蝙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)科的(de)德欽蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、白(bai)馬蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、人支蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、草地蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、白(bai)紋蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、金沙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、葉(xie)日蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、中支蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)以(yi)及絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)科的(de)愛珂絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、巴裔絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、珍珠絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、元首絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、君(jun)主(zhu)絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、黑緣小(xiao)絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、白(bai)馬小(xiao)絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、四川絹(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)等。

保護對象

白馬雪山(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區主要保護(hu)對象為(wei)高山(shan)針葉林、山(shan)地植被(bei)垂直帶自(zi)然景觀和滇(dian)(dian)金絲猴(hou)。滇(dian)(dian)金絲猴(hou)是中國(guo)特有(you)的(de)一(yi)級(ji)珍稀瀕危保護(hu)動物，與大熊貓一(yi)樣(yang)被(bei)稱為(wei)“國(guo)寶”。云南省迪慶藏族自(zi)治州的(de)白馬雪山(shan)自(zi)然保護(hu)區是中國(guo)現有(you)面積(ji)大的(de)滇(dian)(dian)金絲猴(hou)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區。隨著(zhu)生態環境(jing)不斷改(gai)善(shan)、保護(hu)工作(zuo)有(you)效推進，保護(hu)區內的(de)滇(dian)(dian)金絲猴(hou)數(shu)量不斷增多，從2000年的(de)1000只(zhi)上升到1500只(zhi)左右，約占世界種群數(shu)量的(de)70%。

價值地位

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地處橫斷山(shan)(shan)脈中(zhong)段，巍峨(e)的(de)云(yun)(yun)嶺自北向南縱(zong)貫全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，5000米以上的(de)山(shan)(shan)峰有(you)(you)20座，主峰白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)海拔5430米，相(xiang)(xiang)對高差超過(guo)3000米。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內植被(bei)垂直分(fen)布(bu)明顯，在(zai)水平距離不足(zu)40公里(li)內，有(you)(you)7-16個植物(wu)分(fen)布(bu)帶譜，相(xiang)(xiang)當于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)從南到北幾(ji)千公里(li)的(de)植物(wu)分(fen)布(bu)帶，蔚為奇觀(guan)。白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)有(you)(you)星(xing)葉草(cao)、瀾滄黃(huang)杉(shan)等(deng)(deng)十多種，國(guo)(guo)家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)滇金(jin)絲猴、云(yun)(yun)豹、小(xiao)熊貓等(deng)(deng)30多種，有(you)(you)“寒溫帶高山(shan)(shan)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)王國(guo)(guo)”之稱，具很高的(de)科學價值(zhi)。