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歷史沿革

1983年云南省人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)批準建(jian)立(li)白馬(ma)雪山省級自然保護(hu)區，同時(shi)設立(li)保護(hu)區管(guan)理所。

1988年經(jing)國(guo)務院批準，將白馬(ma)(ma)雪山列為國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區，面積為190144公頃，成(cheng)立白馬(ma)(ma)雪山國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區管理局。

2000年經國務院批準，保護區進行了(le)擴建。

2003年，經迪(di)慶州(zhou)委、州(zhou)人民政府批準(zhun)，在(zai)州(zhou)府所在(zai)地(di)設立(li)了(le)云(yun)南白馬雪山國家級自然保護區管(guan)理局。

2018年(nian)2月8日，國務院同意調(diao)整白馬雪(xue)山(shan)國家級自然保護區的范圍(wei)，調(diao)整后保護區的面(mian)積、范圍(wei)和功能分區等由環境(jing)保護部予以公(gong)布。

地理環境

位置

云南白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區（以下(xia)簡(jian)稱保(bao)護區）保(bao)護區地(di)(di)(di)跨九個鄉(xiang)(xiang)（鎮(zhen)），即：德欽縣(xian)的升平鎮(zhen)，奔子(zi)(zi)欄(lan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、霞(xia)若(ruo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)，維(wei)西縣(xian)的巴(ba)(ba)迪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、葉枝鄉(xiang)(xiang)、康普鄉(xiang)(xiang)、白(bai)(bai)濟汛鄉(xiang)(xiang)、攀(pan)天閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)和塔城鄉(xiang)(xiang)，地(di)(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標界(jie)(jie)(jie)于(yu)北緯27°24′-28°36′，東(dong)(dong)經98°57′-99°25′之間。西北起昂吾丫口(kou)，經赫馬(ma)埡卡(ka)、巴(ba)(ba)雜埡卡(ka)至(zhi)斯木達江邊(bian)；東(dong)(dong)以金(jin)沙(sha)江為界(jie)(jie)(jie)下(xia)至(zhi)奔子(zi)(zi)欄(lan)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)2838高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)上至(zhi)資蓋松(song)亞，過格里丫口(kou)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)至(zhi)曾家薄，過珠巴(ba)(ba)洛河到(dao)霞(xia)若(ruo)村公(gong)所，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)布養坪后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上至(zhi)4083高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)、下(xia)落帕米沿(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)有林界(jie)(jie)(jie)至(zhi)維(wei)西、德欽縣(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)下(xia)至(zhi)糯擁3370高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)。南沿(yan)(yan)(yan)許貢(gong)箐(qing)、汝河后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林班線至(zhi)習究臘普河邊(bian)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)河至(zhi)使垮底(di)上山(shan)(shan)(shan)，過阿(a)茶、日沙(sha)勒、背母座梁子(zi)(zi)至(zhi)收朵，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)南山(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)至(zhi)馬(ma)斯達里河邊(bian)。北上仙人洞沿(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)有林界(jie)(jie)(jie)過小羊場、老(lao)樓(lou)房(fang)、石門關(guan)、葉枝后(hou)箐(qing)、塞美(mei)堵、乍尼那、尼色隴(long)鼓至(zhi)4504高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)丫口(kou)，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)上至(zhi)昂吾丫口(kou)。

地貌

白馬(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)從白馬(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)的(de)整個山(shan)體來看，地(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型或(huo)稱一級地(di)貌(mao)形態比較(jiao)單一， 是一組(zu)高(gao)大雄偉的(de)高(gao)山(shan)和極高(gao)山(shan)。其(qi)二(er)級或(huo)三級微地(di)貌(mao)較(jiao)為(wei)復雜，細分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)地(di)、峽(xia)谷(gu)、寬谷(gu)或(huo)河谷(gu)、小平原、冰川凍土(tu)地(di)貌(mao)及重(zhong)力(li)風(feng)化地(di)貌(mao)等類(lei)型。

水文

白馬雪山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內的河(he)流(liu)(liu)數量(liang)眾多，除了金(jin)沙江干(gan)流(liu)(liu)外(wai)，還有一、二級(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)50余條。這些河(he)流(liu)(liu)除了珠巴(ba)洛河(he)為(wei)較大(da)一級(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)外(wai)（長(chang)約114km），其它均(jun)(jun)短(duan)小，僅有20km或更短(duan)。從流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)來看，珠巴(ba)洛河(he)大(da)，流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1835平方公(gong)里(li)(li)，其它河(he)流(liu)(liu)的流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)均(jun)(jun)在300平方公(gong)里(li)(li)以下。

氣候

白馬雪山國家級自然保護區全年(nian)盛行(xing)西偏南(nan)風(feng)，但冬夏氣流的源(yuan)地(di)截然不同(tong)，仍屬亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣候。保護區所在(zai)地(di)因處于低緯高原，氣溫(wen)年(nian)較差小，一般為(wei)14－18℃，而近(jin)緯度中國東部地(di)區均(jun)在(zai)23℃以(yi)上。

土壤

保護區(qu)內土(tu)壤(rang)的垂(chui)直分(fen)帶很明顯，由(you)低(di)海拔(ba)到高海拔(ba)，有(you)下列(lie)幾(ji)種(zhong)土(tu)壤(rang)：燥紅土(tu)、褐色土(tu)、山地(di)(di)棕壤(rang)，山地(di)(di)暗棕壤(rang)，山地(di)(di)棕色針(zhen)葉林土(tu)，亞高山草甸土(tu)，高山寒漠土(tu)。另外局部(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)有(you)紫色土(tu)和石(shi)灰土(tu)，在(zai)人類耕(geng)作活(huo)動區(qu)為水稻土(tu)等。

自然資源

植物資源

白馬雪山國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區屬(shu)(shu)于寒溫性(xing)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系統(tong)類型，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)低(di)緯度高海拔地(di)(di)區生(sheng)物資源保(bao)存比較完整而原始的高山針葉林(lin)區。按中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)被區系的分(fen)區，屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)———東喜(xi)馬拉雅(ya)森(sen)林(lin)植(zhi)物亞區、橫斷山脈地(di)(di)區， 是世界上高山植(zhi)物豐富的區域。 保(bao)護(hu)區已發(fa)現的種(zhong)子植(zhi)物有142科(ke)(ke)，587屬(shu)(shu)，1747種(zhong)（含亞種(zhong)、變(bian)型和變(bian)種(zhong)）。其中(zhong)：裸子植(zhi)物6科(ke)(ke)14屬(shu)(shu)29種(zhong)，被子植(zhi)物136科(ke)(ke)573屬(shu)(shu)1718種(zhong)。

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有國家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)珍(zhen)稀(xi)植物(wu)24種，其(qi)中(zhong)：一級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)4種，二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)9種，三級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)11種；有省(sheng)級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)6種。其(qi)中(zhong)：二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)2種，三級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)4種。

保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)植物(wu)區(qu)系的(de)科、屬、種(zhong)繁多，并幾乎包含了世界溫帶分布的(de)所有木本(ben)屬，如冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、云杉(shan)(shan)、松(song)、槭、樺、櫟、杜鵑等(deng)。其中冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)屬有長(chang)苞(bao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、急尖長(chang)苞(bao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、蒼山冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、川(chuan)滇(dian)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、云南黃果冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)和中甸冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)6個種(zhong)（含變(bian)種(zhong)）， 同時薈(hui)萃于(yu)一個保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內，實(shi)為難得。杜鵑花屬已(yi)知有47種(zhong)分布于(yu)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內，其中有36種(zhong)為橫斷山特有成分，15種(zhong)的(de)模式產(chan)地在保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)及其附近。

保(bao)護區(qu)有(you)國家及省級保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)20科(ke)(ke)。其(qi)中(zhong)：蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)1種(zhong)(zhong)， 裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)，被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)。 有(you)觀(guan)賞植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)223屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)724種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)：蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)7科(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)28種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)69科(ke)(ke)154屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)568種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)110科(ke)(ke)242屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)386種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)：菌(jun)類(lei)(lei)5科(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)，地衣類(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)224屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)367種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)它還有(you)油料植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、淀粉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、用材(cai)樹種(zhong)(zhong)、香料植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、纖維(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、鞣料植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)與人類(lei)(lei)生活(huo)密切相關的各類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)。

動物資源

根據中國(guo)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)地理區(qu)劃(hua)，保護區(qu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)屬(shu)東洋界、西南區(qu)、三江縱谷亞(ya)區(qu)（橫(heng)斷(duan)山亞(ya)區(qu)）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)共(gong)錄得(de)哺乳(ru)類9目(mu)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。占中國哺乳(ru)類總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的16.8%，云(yun)南的33.3%。主(zhu)要的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)滇金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪豹(bao)(bao)、金(jin)(jin)錢豹(bao)(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)(bao)、熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)猴(hou)(hou)、獼猴(hou)(hou)、穿(chuan)山(shan)(shan)甲、黑熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)、棕熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、石貂(diao)、水獺、猞猁(li)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)麝(she)、林(lin)(lin)麝(she)、鬣羚(ling)、巖羊、長(chang)吻(wen)鼩(qu)鼴(yan)、白(bai)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)、蹼(pu)足(zu)鼩(qu)中緬樹鼩(qu)等(deng)。在100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中，本區(qu)及(ji)鄰近(jin)地區(qu)的特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)達(da)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占全區(qu)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的43.0%。其中：橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)型(xing)特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)——東(dong)喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅(ya)山(shan)(shan)型(xing)特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)—青藏高(gao)原型(xing)特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 本區(qu)尚擁(yong)有(you)(you)許多(duo)特有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和一些特有(you)(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke)（或亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)）如：黑鼩(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、缺齒鼩(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、蹼(pu)足(zu)鼩(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、長(chang)吻(wen)鼩(qu)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、針尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、白(bai)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、仰鼻猴(hou)(hou)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、斑靈貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、雪豹(bao)(bao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、毛冠鹿屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、巖羊屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 白(bai)喉巖松(song)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 復齒鼯鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、林(lin)(lin)跳鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)及(ji)小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼴(yan)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)、毛尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)、林(lin)(lin)跳鼠(shu)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蹶鼠(shu)亞科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。其中：國家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)滇金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪豹(bao)(bao)、金(jin)(jin)錢豹(bao)(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)(bao)等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)獼猴(hou)(hou)、 穿(chuan)山(shan)(shan)甲、黑熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)、藏馬(ma)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)、豺、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、石貂(diao)、水獺、斑靈貍、大靈貓(mao)(mao)、小(xiao)靈貓(mao)(mao)、金(jin)(jin)貓(mao)(mao)、猞猁(li)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)麝(she)、林(lin)(lin)麝(she)、黑麝(she)、鬣羚(ling)、斑羚(ling)、矮巖羊、巖羊等(deng)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；云(yun)南省Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)狼、毛冠鹿等(deng)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 另有(you)(you)豹(bao)(bao)貓(mao)(mao)雖沒有(you)(you)列入我(wo)國保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名(ming)單，但為(wei)瀕危(wei)野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)公約（CITES）規(gui)定(ding)的Ⅱ類限量(liang)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)迄今為止共記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)17目(mu)43科(ke)另(ling)4亞科(ke)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)約占云南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)30.7%。其中：留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占69.1%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)冬(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占11.0%，夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占19.9%。所(suo)錄的(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)中，在(zai)(zai)該地區(qu)(qu)(qu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)（含(han)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分布(bu)和(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系歸屬(shu)，大致(zhi)可(ke)劃(hua)分為4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)：繁(fan)殖(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)主要在(zai)(zai)東(dong)洋界(jie)的(de)(de)東(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)29.2%；繁(fan)殖(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)主要在(zai)(zai)古北(bei)界(jie)的(de)(de)古北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占15.1%； 繁(fan)殖(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)廣(guang)布(bu)于(yu)東(dong)洋界(jie)和(he)(he)古北(bei)界(jie)的(de)(de)廣(guang)布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占26.9%； 分布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)主要在(zai)(zai)四川西(xi)部、西(xi)藏昌都地區(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)部、青(qing)海、甘(gan)肅南(nan)(nan)緣，南(nan)(nan)抵云南(nan)(nan)西(xi)北(bei)部的(de)(de)橫(heng)斷山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占28.8%。根據國務院1988年(nian)11月頒布(bu)的(de)(de)《中華人民共和(he)(he)國野生動物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)法》和(he)(he)1989年(nian)1月公布(bu)的(de)(de)《國家(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)野生動物(wu)名錄》所(suo)列的(de)(de)重點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)所(suo)記(ji)錄的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)中，屬(shu)國家(jia) I 級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)有(you)：黑(hei)鸛、黑(hei)頸鶴、金雕、胡兀(wu)鷲、擬兀(wu)鷲、斑尾榛雞(ji)、四川雉(zhi)鶉、黑(hei)頸長尾雉(zhi)等(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬(shu)國家(jia)II級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)有(you)黑(hei)鳶(yuan)、蒼(cang)鷹(ying)、松雀鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、高(gao)山(shan)鷹(ying)雕、普通鵟、禿(tu)鷲、高(gao)山(shan)禿(tu)鷲、游隼(sun)、燕隼(sun)、灰背隼(sun)、紅隼(sun)、淡腹雪雞(ji)、血雉(zhi)、紅腹角雉(zhi)、白(bai)馬雞(ji)、勺雞(ji)、白(bai)腹錦雞(ji)、灰鶴、楔尾綠鳩、大緋胸鸚鵡、灰林鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、白(bai)腹黑(hei)啄木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)等(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根據所采到的標本經鑒(jian)定已知(zhi)有(you)13目，80科(ke)，447種(zhong)。它們(men)的區(qu)系(xi)組成極其復雜(za)，主(zhu)(zhu)要由東(dong)洋種(zhong)、古北(bei)種(zhong)、廣布種(zhong)、高山特(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)和地區(qu)特(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)組成。 保護區(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)要的珍稀高山昆蟲有(you)： 蝙(bian)蝠蛾(e)(e)科(ke)的德欽蝠蛾(e)(e)、白馬(ma)(ma)蝠蛾(e)(e)、人支蝠蛾(e)(e)、草(cao)地蝠蛾(e)(e)、白紋蝠蛾(e)(e)、金沙蝠蛾(e)(e)、葉日蝠蛾(e)(e)、中支蝠蛾(e)(e)以及絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)科(ke)的愛珂絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、巴裔絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、珍珠絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、元首絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、君主(zhu)(zhu)絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、黑(hei)緣小絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、白馬(ma)(ma)小絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、四川絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)等。

保護對象

白馬(ma)雪(xue)(xue)山國家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區主要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象為(wei)高山針葉林、山地植被垂(chui)直帶(dai)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)景觀和滇金絲(si)(si)猴。滇金絲(si)(si)猴是中(zhong)國特(te)有的(de)(de)一級珍稀瀕危保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)，與大(da)熊貓一樣(yang)被稱為(wei)“國寶”。云南(nan)省(sheng)迪慶藏族自(zi)(zi)治州的(de)(de)白馬(ma)雪(xue)(xue)山自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區是中(zhong)國現有面(mian)積大(da)的(de)(de)滇金絲(si)(si)猴國家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。隨(sui)著生態環(huan)境不(bu)斷改善、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工作(zuo)有效推進，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內的(de)(de)滇金絲(si)(si)猴數量不(bu)斷增(zeng)多，從2000年的(de)(de)1000只(zhi)上升到1500只(zhi)左(zuo)右，約占世界種(zhong)群數量的(de)(de)70%。

價值地位

白馬雪山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區地處橫斷山脈中段，巍峨的(de)(de)云嶺自(zi)北(bei)向南縱貫全區，5000米(mi)以上的(de)(de)山峰(feng)有(you)20座，主峰(feng)白馬雪山海拔5430米(mi)，相(xiang)對高差(cha)超過3000米(mi)。區內植被垂直分(fen)布(bu)明顯，在水(shui)平(ping)距離不足(zu)40公里內，有(you)7-16個植物分(fen)布(bu)帶譜，相(xiang)當于中國(guo)從南到北(bei)幾千(qian)公里的(de)(de)植物分(fen)布(bu)帶，蔚為奇觀。白馬雪山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區的(de)(de)國(guo)家重(zhong)點保護植物有(you)星葉草、瀾滄黃(huang)杉等(deng)十多(duo)種，國(guo)家重(zhong)點保護動物有(you)滇金絲猴、云豹(bao)、小熊貓等(deng)30多(duo)種，有(you)“寒(han)溫(wen)帶高山動植物王國(guo)”之稱(cheng)，具很高的(de)(de)科學價(jia)值。