錫林(lin)郭勒(le)草(cao)(cao)原火(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)公(gong)園(以下簡(jian)稱公(gong)園)地處內蒙(meng)古自治區(qu)錫林(lin)郭勒(le)盟境內,位于內蒙(meng)古高原上“世(shi)界四大(da)最美草(cao)(cao)原”之一的錫林(lin)郭勒(le)草(cao)(cao)原中部,公(gong)園坐落在錫林(lin)浩特市城區(qu)南側,總面積為(wei)139.95km2,空間布局上以國道207為(wei)公(gong)園景觀主(zhu)軸線,分(fen)為(wei)兩個獨立的園區(qu)——平頂山(shan)園區(qu)和鴿(ge)子山(shan)園區(qu)。2018年2月,錫林(lin)浩特草(cao)原火山地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)被國土資源部擬授予(yu)第八(ba)批(pi)國家地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)資格。
錫林郭勒(le)草(cao)原(yuan)火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)按照(zhao)優(you)先保護生(sheng)態環境,充(chong)分(fen)(fen)利用地(di)(di)域空間,滿足科(ke)學可(ke)持續發展(zhan)的原(yuan)則,結合公(gong)園(yuan)內典(dian)型的火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)貌資源(yuan)的分(fen)(fen)布狀況(kuang),將錫林浩特火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群密度最(zui)(zui)(zui)大,火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)類型最(zui)(zui)(zui)全,地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡保存最(zui)(zui)(zui)完整的區(qu)(qu)域劃定為地(di)(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)保護區(qu)(qu)范圍,使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)能得到有效(xiao)保護。錫林浩特火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群屬(shu)于北東(dong)向大同(tong)(tong)—大興安嶺(ling)新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)代火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)活動(dong)(dong)帶,火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群內火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)活動(dong)(dong)具有多期性,自上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開始,經中更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、晚(wan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)全新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)演化階段,不(bu)同(tong)(tong)期次的火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)產物呈多級(ji)熔巖臺地(di)(di)展(zhan)布。上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)晚(wan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)活動(dong)(dong)強度大,晚(wan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)活動(dong)(dong)的鼎盛時期。上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)中更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)錐均已剝蝕殆盡(jin),晚(wan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以來火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)保存完好,大約有100余(yu)座不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型的火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),是世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界大陸(lu)區(qu)(qu)第(di)四紀分(fen)(fen)布面積最(zui)(zui)(zui)廣、火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)錐數量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多的火(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。
公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡保存十分完整,多階熔(rong)巖臺地、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)錐(zhui)、噴氣錐(zhui)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)口、熔(rong)巖流等(deng)星羅棋布,錯落有致,是一座(zuo)獨特的(de)(de)天然火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)博物館,具(ju)有很高的(de)(de)科學價(jia)(jia)值、美學價(jia)(jia)值、經濟價(jia)(jia)值和(he)社會價(jia)(jia)值。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)范(fan)圍內(nei)主要(yao)包括19處(chu)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡,其中,國家級(ji)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡點8處(chu),自治區級(ji)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡點11處(chu)。地質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)不(bu)僅(jin)有典型的(de)(de)新生代火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)景觀(guan),還擁有著廣闊的(de)(de)錫林郭勒草(cao)原(yuan)風光(guang)及濃厚的(de)(de)人文歷(li)史底蘊,屬(shu)于以火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡景觀(guan)和(he)原(yuan)始草(cao)原(yuan)風光(guang)為主,人文歷(li)史、民(min)族(zu)風情及產業觀(guan)光(guang)資源(yuan)景觀(guan)等(deng)多元素并(bing)存的(de)(de)大(da)型草(cao)原(yuan)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)地質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。
公(gong)園內(nei)(nei)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)貌(mao)發育(yu)完整(zheng)且類(lei)型(xing)多樣。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong),貝力克(ke)牧場多階熔巖(yan)臺地(di)(平頂(ding)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))由數(shu)(shu)十個火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)錐(zhui)狀的(de)多階熔巖(yan)臺地(di)組(zu)成(cheng),這種火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)貌(mao)景觀在內(nei)(nei)蒙古自治(zhi)區(qu)、乃至我國(guo)北(bei)方地(di)區(qu)和(he)世(shi)界(jie)上都屈指可(ke)數(shu)(shu);鴿(ge)子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是全新世(shi)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)基(ji)本未(wei)遭(zao)受風化(hua)剝蝕的(de)玄武質火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),結構(gou)保存十分完整(zheng),且錐(zhui)體雄偉(wei)壯觀,破火(huo)口形態奇(qi)異,熔巖(yan)流規模宏大(da)(da);園區(qu)內(nei)(nei)噴氣錐(zhui)(碟)的(de)數(shu)(shu)量和(he)完整(zheng)性(xing)在國(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)極其(qi)(qi)少(shao)見(jian)。此外(wai),大(da)(da)腦包、雞冠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、馬蹄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等其(qi)(qi)他(ta)地(di)質地(di)貌(mao)景觀分別表現了火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)渣錐(zhui)、火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)碎屑(xie)席、火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)濺落錐(zhui)、噴火(huo)口和(he)熔巖(yan)流等火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)質遺跡(ji)類(lei)型(xing)。在這座(zuo)遼闊的(de)原(yuan)始(shi)大(da)(da)草原(yuan)上,至今還保存著如此大(da)(da)范圍(wei)完整(zheng)的(de)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)遺跡(ji),這種草原(yuan)上的(de)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)貌(mao)在國(guo)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)極其(qi)(qi)罕(han)見(jian)。
公園內擁(yong)有(you)多(duo)(duo)階熔巖臺地(di)平(ping)頂(ding)山(shan)、鴿子(zi)山(shan)復合火山(shan)錐、錫勒塔班(ban)陶勒蓋(gai)火山(shan)口(kou)、阿斯根火山(shan)口(kou)、雞冠(guan)山(shan)、大(da)敖(ao)包(bao)火山(shan)口(kou)、大(da)腦包(bao)火山(shan)渣(zha)錐、木蓋(gai)掃勒烏拉火山(shan)、1418高地(di)火山(shan)機構、馬蹄山(shan)火山(shan)、鴿子(zi)山(shan)火山(shan)噴氣(qi)錐(碟)等多(duo)(duo)類火山(shan)地(di)質遺跡景觀。
平頂山園區是錫林郭勒草原火山地質公園核心區之一,該園區在二百萬年前是一處湖泊,由于湖底平坦,周邊火山噴發后,熔巖流向湖底,平鋪在上面,形成玄武巖層。而隨著后期地殼垂直運動,平頂山區域被整體抬升,受河水的切割和侵蝕,漸漸演變成平頂山。平頂山火山地貌景觀屈指可數,錫林浩特火山群現今地貌上表現為特征的四級階地,每一階都由玄武巖臺地構成,形成特征的多階平頂山,規模宏大,壯觀奇特,是周期性火山活動與區域新構造共同作用的結果,具有很高的觀賞價值、生態價值、科學價值和旅游價值。旅游線(xian)路及(ji)周圍(wei)景區:市區—貝力(li)克(ke)—公園主碑—平(ping)頂山—博物館(guan)—鴿子山園區火山群(qun)