重慶石柱七曜(yao)山地(di)(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)最典型(xing)的地(di)(di)質遺跡當屬“侏(zhu)羅(luo)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺”。所謂“侏(zhu)羅(luo)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺”,又(you)稱(cheng)過(guo)渡(du)型(xing)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺,由互相(xiang)(xiang)平(ping)行(xing)的背(bei)斜(xie)和向斜(xie)相(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)排(pai)列(lie)而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)。侏(zhu)羅(luo)山式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺的代表性(xing)構(gou)造是隔(ge)檔式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與隔(ge)槽(cao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺。隔(ge)檔式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺又(you)稱(cheng)梳(shu)狀褶(zhe)(zhe)皺,由一系列(lie)平(ping)等褶(zhe)(zhe)皺組成(cheng),其(qi)特征(zheng)是背(bei)斜(xie)緊(jin)閉(bi),發育完整,而(er)(er)(er)兩個背(bei)斜(xie)之間(jian)的向斜(xie)平(ping)緩開闊。隔(ge)槽(cao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺與前者相(xiang)(xiang)反,特征(zheng)是向斜(xie)緊(jin)閉(bi)且發育完整,而(er)(er)(er)兩個向斜(xie)之間(jian)的背(bei)斜(xie)平(ping)緩開闊,常呈(cheng)箱(xiang)狀。而(er)(er)(er)重慶七曜(yao)山地(di)(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)正好處在隔(ge)擋式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺向隔(ge)槽(cao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺轉(zhuan)換的過(guo)渡(du)部位。
侏(zhu)羅(luo)山(shan)式(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)命名起(qi)源于歐洲的(de)(de)侏(zhu)羅(luo)山(shan)區,這里的(de)(de)地質特點以背斜緊閉(bi)向(xiang)斜開闊(kuo)和向(xiang)斜緊閉(bi)背斜開闊(kuo)為(wei)特征。這類(lei)(lei)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)在(zai)(zai)形(xing)態上與褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)造山(shan)帶(dai)的(de)(de)強(qiang)烈緊閉(bi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和地臺(tai)(tai)蓋層的(de)(de)極(ji)其(qi)平緩開闊(kuo)的(de)(de)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)明顯不同。所以本世紀初的(de)(de)阿(a)爾(er)(er)卑斯構(gou)造研究(jiu)者就(jiu)注意到這類(lei)(lei)構(gou)造,布克斯多夫(Buxtorf1916)進(jin)行了(le)研究(jiu)并(bing)提出了(le)侏(zhu)羅(luo)山(shan)式(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),認為(wei)這類(lei)(lei)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是蓋層在(zai)(zai)海西基底上剪切滑動的(de)(de)結果。別洛馬索夫和張文佑以區域構(gou)造為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)分類(lei)(lei)中,都把侏(zhu)羅(luo)山(shan)式(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與阿(a)爾(er)(er)卑斯式(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(地槽型(xing)全形(xing)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou))和日爾(er)(er)曼式(shi)褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(地臺(tai)(tai)型(xing)斷續褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou))并(bing)列為(wei)三大褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)。
二、中國(guo)人(ren)眼中的重(zhong)慶(qing)石柱七曜(yao)山-以(yi)自然景觀命名的縣
石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)土家族自治(zhi)縣(xian)簡稱石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)縣(xian),位于重慶(qing)市東部(bu)、長江南(nan)岸(an)、山(shan)(shan)峽(xia)庫區腹心,是(shi)集少數民族自治(zhi)縣(xian)、三峽(xia)庫區淹沒縣(xian)、國家扶貧工作(zuo)重點縣(xian)于一體的特(te)殊縣(xian)份。幅員面積3012平方公里。從(cong)唐武德二年(公元(yuan)619年)開始建(jian)縣(xian),縣(xian)城(cheng)南(nan)賓鎮東部(bu)萬壽(shou)山(shan)(shan)(石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan))上有一對巨石(shi)酷(ku)似(si)少男(nan)少女(nv)、分(fen)別稱“男(nan)女(nv)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)”。故(gu)取(qu)石(shi)潼關、砫蒲關二名首(shou)字而得名。是(shi)中國以獨特(te)自然景觀(guan)命(ming)名的縣(xian)級行政區域之一。
石(shi)柱縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di),古為《禹貢(gong)》梁州(zhou)之(zhi)域。西周、春秋(前1027-前476)屬(shu)(shu)巴(ba)國“南極黔(qian)涪(fu)”領(ling)地(di)(di)。戰(zhan)國(前475-前221)先后屬(shu)(shu)楚黔(qian)中地(di)(di)及(ji)秦(qin)黔(qian)中郡。秦(qin),縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)大體(ti)以(yi)七曜(yao)(yao)山(shan)脈(mo)為界,大部(bu)(長江(jiang)(jiang)南岸(an)至七曜(yao)(yao)山(shan)脈(mo)西面)屬(shu)(shu)巴(ba)郡,少部(bu)(七曜(yao)(yao)山(shan)脈(mo)東面)屬(shu)(shu)黔(qian)中郡。兩漢,縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)仍大體(ti)以(yi)七曜(yao)(yao)山(shan)脈(mo)為界,大部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)臨江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(今忠縣(xian)(xian))南境,少部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)涪(fu)陵縣(xian)(xian)(今彭水(shui))北境。
三(san)國時期,西界沱是蜀漢益州以長(chang)江為界,分置巴、巴東、涪(fu)陵(ling)三(san)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)交(jiao)界地,縣(xian)(xian)地仍(reng)屬(shu)(shu)江南之(zhi)涪(fu)陵(ling)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)涪(fu)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(今彭(peng)水)。西晉、東晉、十(shi)六(liu)國,縣(xian)(xian)地均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)涪(fu)陵(ling)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)涪(fu)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)。南北(bei)朝(chao)宋(song)時,縣(xian)(xian)地改屬(shu)(shu)巴郡(jun)(jun)(jun)。齊,屬(shu)(shu)巴郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(今重慶)臨(lin)(lin)江縣(xian)(xian)(今忠縣(xian)(xian)),梁,屬(shu)(shu)臨(lin)(lin)江郡(jun)(jun)(jun)。北(bei)周,初屬(shu)(shu)臨(lin)(lin)江郡(jun)(jun)(jun),武(wu)帝(di)保定初(561)屬(shu)(shu)臨(lin)(lin)江地分置的南都郡(jun)(jun)(jun)源陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian),建德(de)四年(575),屬(shu)(shu)南都郡(jun)(jun)(jun)源陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)改名的懷德(de)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)武(wu)寧縣(xian)(xian)(今萬(wan)縣(xian)(xian)武(wu)陵(ling)鎮)。隋,縣(xian)(xian)地均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)臨(lin)(lin)州武(wu)寧縣(xian)(xian)。
唐武德二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(619),置南賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(今石(shi)(shi)柱),隸(li)(li)臨州(zhou)(zhou)(今忠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),為(wei)(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境建(jian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)始。唐末,南賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)處于多個地(di)方軍(jun)閥的爭(zheng)奪之(zhi)地(di),政(zheng)(zheng)事難(nan)行。北宋至明(ming)洪(hong)武十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1381),均循唐制(zhi),置南賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隸(li)(li)忠州(zhou)(zhou)。南宋建(jian)炎三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(1129),置石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)安撫司(si),節制(zhi)九溪(xi)十八峒(tong)。元初設石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軍(jun)民(min)(min)(min)府(fu),后升為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軍(jun)民(min)(min)(min)宣(xuan)撫司(si)。元末明(ming)初改(gai)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)安撫司(si)。明(ming)洪(hong)武八年(nian)(nian)(1375),置石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宣(xuan)撫司(si),隸(li)(li)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)衛(wei)(wei);明(ming)嘉靖四(si)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1563),改(gai)隸(li)(li)夔(kui)州(zhou)(zhou)衛(wei)(wei)。天啟元年(nian)(nian)(1621),石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)女宣(xuan)撫使秦(qin)良玉勤王(wang)有(you)功(gong),升石(shi)(shi)柱宣(xuan)慰(wei)司(si),隸(li)(li)川東道(dao)夔(kui)州(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)。乾隆二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1757),改(gai)置石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廳,隸(li)(li)夔(kui)州(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)。二(er)(er)十六年(nian)(nian)(1761),升為(wei)(wei)四(si)川省(sheng)石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)直隸(li)(li)廳,直隸(li)(li)四(si)川省(sheng)。民(min)(min)(min)國二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1913),改(gai)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),屬四(si)川東川道(dao)。民(min)(min)(min)國二(er)(er)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1935),石(shi)(shi)砫(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)改(gai)隸(li)(li)四(si)川省(sheng)酉陽公(gong)署。民(min)(min)(min)國三(san)(san)十七年(nian)(nian)(1948),改(gai)隸(li)(li)四(si)川省(sheng)萬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)署。1950年(nian)(nian),正(zheng)式成(cheng)立縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu),隸(li)(li)川東行署區(qu)涪陵專區(qu)。1984年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立石(shi)(shi)柱土家族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隸(li)(li)四(si)川省(sheng)黔(qian)江地(di)區(qu)。1997年(nian)(nian)6月18日,隸(li)(li)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)市。
地學(xue)筑起的(de)深呼(hu)吸(xi)康養基地、愛情家園 ——重慶石柱七曜山(shan)地質公園
地學筑起(qi)的深呼吸康養基地、愛情家園(yuan)(yuan) ——重慶石柱七曜山地質(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)
三、重慶(qing)人(ren)眼中的(de)石柱七曜山(shan)-避暑休閑(xian)的(de)處女地
重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)和(he)南京、武漢被(bei)稱為中國的(de)(de)“三(san)大(da)火(huo)爐”,盛夏到來、烈日(ri)炎炎,尋找一處原(yuan)生態的(de)(de)避暑(shu)(shu)圣地(di)(di)就成為這三(san)大(da)城市(shi)居民的(de)(de)向往。而七(qi)曜(yao)山(shan)地(di)(di)質公園的(de)(de)原(yuan)生態特點(dian)、盧家壩子的(de)(de)天池洼(wa)地(di)(di)以及黃連(lian)產地(di)(di)和(he)莼(chun)菜基(ji)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)優勢,正是打造避暑(shu)(shu)休閑(xian)勝地(di)(di)的(de)(de)理想愿(yuan)景(jing)。因此,石柱七(qi)曜(yao)山(shan)被(bei)稱為重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)人眼(yan)中的(de)(de)避暑(shu)(shu)休閑(xian)的(de)(de)處女地(di)(di)。避暑(shu)(shu)休閑(xian)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方很多(duo),但(dan)處于原(yuan)生態的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方比較少見。
地學筑(zhu)起的深呼吸(xi)康養基地、愛情家園(yuan) ——重慶石柱七曜山地質公園(yuan)
四(si)、石柱人眼(yan)中的七(qi)曜山-地質公園(yuan)
石(shi)柱七(qi)曜(yao)山地(di)(di)質公園東起金鈴(ling)鄉銀杏村,西至(zhi)龍池壩水庫(ku),向北(bei)延(yan)伸至(zhi)沙子(zi)鎮(zhen),南(nan)至(zhi)黃鶴鎮(zhen)。規劃總面積為(wei)124.05k㎡。分為(wei)三個(ge)(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)和一(yi)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡保(bao)護區(qu)(qu),三個(ge)(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)分別為(wei)七(qi)曜(yao)山景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、金鈴(ling)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)、馬盤溪景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu),一(yi)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)是大小鍋圈地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。
地(di)學(xue)筑起的(de)深呼吸康養基地(di)、愛情家園 ——重(zhong)慶(qing)石柱七曜山地(di)質公園
按(an)照《國家(jia)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公園規劃編(bian)制技術要求(qiu)》的要求(qiu),公園內地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji)(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀類型有:地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)剖面、地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構造、古(gu)生物、地(di)(di)貌(mao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀、水體景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀等5大類、8類、9亞類共100個地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji)(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀點。經評價,園區(qu)世界級地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji)(ji)1處(chu)(chu),國家(jia)級地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji)(ji)6處(chu)(chu),省(sheng)級地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji)(ji)24處(chu)(chu),縣(區(qu))級地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji)(ji)65處(chu)(chu)。