臨縣中共中央(yang)后委機關舊(jiu)址為紅(hong)色旅游經典景區。
中共中央后委機(ji)關(guan)舊址(zhi)位于臨(lin)縣南25公里(li)的(de)雙塔村,東靠(kao)呂梁山脈,湫水河(he)繞(rao)村而過。這(zhe)里(li)交通方便,東連晉綏邊區和晉察(cha)冀邊區,西與陜(shan)甘寧邊區隔黃(huang)河(he)相望,是一處十分理想(xiang)的(de)屯兵之地和中轉(zhuan)站。1947年(nian)4月(yue)至1948年(nian)3月(yue),中共中央后委機(ji)關(guan)在這(zhe)里(li)駐扎。舊址(zhi)于2009年(nian)被命名為省級(ji)愛國主(zhu)義教育基地。
背景鏈接
1947年(nian)2月,蔣(jiang)介石在全面(mian)進攻解放區的(de)計劃破產(chan)之(zhi)后(hou),在軍(jun)(jun)事上被迫改為重點進攻,將進攻的(de)重點置(zhi)于山東(dong)解放區和(he)陜(shan)甘寧(ning)解放區,妄(wang)圖消(xiao)滅(mie)西(xi)北(bei)人(ren)(ren)民解放軍(jun)(jun)及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)領導(dao)機(ji)(ji)關(guan),或迫使其東(dong)渡黃河(he)。2月底(di),蔣(jiang)介石親抵西(xi)安,部(bu)(bu)署進攻延安。延安正(zheng)彌漫(man)在戰(zhan)火(huo)硝煙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此時,國民黨軍(jun)(jun)有(you)24萬(wan)余人(ren)(ren),美(mei)式裝備,從(cong)三(san)面(mian)包圍陜(shan)甘寧(ning)邊(bian)區,又有(you)近(jin)百架飛機(ji)(ji)狂轟濫炸(zha),而駐守陜(shan)北(bei)的(de)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)不過2萬(wan)多人(ren)(ren),加上地方(fang)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)和(he)游擊隊(dui)總共有(you)5萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),敵(di)我力(li)量懸殊太大(da)。為了誘敵(di)深入,在運(yun)動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殲滅(mie)敵(di)人(ren)(ren)的(de)有(you)生力(li)量,1947年(nian)3月底(di),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)在陜(shan)北(bei)清澗縣棗(zao)林(lin)溝村(cun)(cun)召開(kai)會議,決定撤出延安,轉戰(zhan)陜(shan)北(bei)。并把(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)和(he)軍(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)兩大(da)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)分成(cheng)(cheng)三(san)個部(bu)(bu)分:毛澤(ze)東(dong)、周恩來、任(ren)弼(bi)時、陸定一率黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)精干(gan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(簡稱前(qian)委(wei)(wei))繼(ji)續(xu)留(liu)在陜(shan)北(bei),指揮陜(shan)北(bei)戰(zhan)場和(he)全國戰(zhan)場,牢牢地吸住敵(di)人(ren)(ren)。劉少奇(qi)、朱德、董必武和(he)一部(bu)(bu)分中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)委(wei)(wei)員組成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)委(wei)(wei)員會(簡稱工(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)),進入河(he)北(bei)平山縣西(xi)柏坡村(cun)(cun),負(fu)責(ze)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)日常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo);主要負(fu)責(ze)黨務、工(gong)(gong)運(yun)、土(tu)改,還(huan)負(fu)責(ze)指導(dao)華北(bei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)。葉劍英(ying)、楊尚昆、李維漢、李克(ke)農等同志組成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)后(hou)方(fang)委(wei)(wei)員會(簡稱后(hou)委(wei)(wei)),統籌中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)后(hou)方(fang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。
1947年3月下旬,由葉劍英任(ren)書記(ji)的(de)中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)機關(guan)從陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)遷來臨(lin)(lin)縣。中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)領導(dao)機關(guan)駐扎在(zai)臨(lin)(lin)縣雙塔村,其他人員(yuan)駐扎在(zai)雙塔及(ji)湫水河沿岸的(de)40多個村莊。中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)方委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會是一個龐大的(de)機構,主要有:軍委(wei)(wei)(wei)參謀部,一、二、三(san)局一部分,軍委(wei)(wei)(wei)總衛(wei)生部,中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)辦公廳、城(cheng)工(gong)(gong)部、交際處、外(wai)事(shi)組、立(li)法委(wei)(wei)(wei)、婦委(wei)(wei)(wei)、工(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)單位,中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)警衛(wei)團的(de)部分家屬子(zi)女等(deng)。此外(wai),從國民黨(dang)(dang)統(tong)治區撤回的(de)干(gan)部也陸(lu)續到達(da)這里(li)。中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)理的(de)人員(yuan)多時達(da)5000多人。其主要任(ren)務(wu)是聯絡各戰(zhan)區,搜集作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)情報和作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)經(jing)(jing)驗,經(jing)(jing)過整理加工(gong)(gong)之后(hou)(hou)(hou),報告(gao)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)及(ji)毛澤東(dong)主席,黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)根據后(hou)(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)所報告(gao)的(de)情況,經(jing)(jing)過分析和研究做出指示、命(ming)令(ling),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)再通(tong)過后(hou)(hou)(hou)委(wei)(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)全國傳達(da);向(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)前委(wei)(wei)(wei)、工(gong)(gong)委(wei)(wei)(wei)轉達(da)密電;為陜(shan)北(bei)(bei)解放區籌措轉送軍火物(wu)資;負責對外(wai)宣傳和編譯出版外(wai)事(shi)資料;研究地下黨(dang)(dang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和統(tong)一戰(zhan)線工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo);訓練蔣(jiang)管(guan)區工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)部等(deng)。
1948年3月23日,毛主席(xi)等中央領導離開(kai)陜北,東渡黃河,進(jin)入了山西(xi)。24日,到達臨縣(xian)的三交鎮雙塔村。
3月25日下午(wu)召開了(le)(le)由中(zhong)央前(qian)委和后委全體(ti)人員參(can)加的(de)(de)動(dong)員大(da)(da)會(hui)。在(zai)(zai)一片熱(re)烈(lie)的(de)(de)掌(zhang)聲(sheng)中(zhong),毛主(zhu)席充滿熱(re)情(qing)地說:“咱們(men)(men)(men)(men)都是(shi)轉(zhuan)戰(zhan)陜北(bei)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)友啊(a)!大(da)(da)家同甘(gan)共苦患難一年(nian)多(duo),你們(men)(men)(men)(men)幫助我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)做了(le)(le)許多(duo)事情(qing),這要(yao)(yao)好(hao)好(hao)謝(xie)謝(xie)你們(men)(men)(men)(men)。你們(men)(men)(men)(men)記得嗎(ma)?那(nei)次十幾(ji)天(tian)的(de)(de)急行(xing)軍,走了(le)(le)幾(ji)百(bai)里(li)(li)、上千里(li)(li)的(de)(de)路程,打了(le)(le)沙家店,我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)翻(fan)過了(le)(le)山(shan)(shan)坳,度(du)過了(le)(le)困難的(de)(de)時期,將陜北(bei)戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)動(dong)權(quan)掌(zhang)握在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)手(shou)里(li)(li)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)要(yao)(yao)到(dao)河(he)北(bei)去,還要(yao)(yao)翻(fan)山(shan)(shan)越嶺,還要(yao)(yao)經過高山(shan)(shan)脈,路上還有敵人,雖然我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)有部隊掩護(hu),主(zhu)動(dong)權(quan)掌(zhang)握在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)手(shou)里(li)(li),敵人不敢輕(qing)舉妄動(dong),但我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)仍要(yao)(yao)提高警惕,不能粗心大(da)(da)意。到(dao)河(he)北(bei)平山(shan)(shan)縣一帶,那(nei)里(li)(li)條件要(yao)(yao)好(hao)些,對指導全國(guo)有利,所以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)說,行(xing)軍是(shi)艱苦的(de)(de),可前(qian)途是(shi)光明的(de)(de)。翻(fan)過太行(xing)山(shan)(shan)這個高山(shan)(shan)坳,我(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)(men)也將是(shi)度(du)過了(le)(le)困難的(de)(de)時期,以(yi)后就越來(lai)越好(hao),全國(guo)的(de)(de)勝利很快(kuai)就要(yao)(yao)到(dao)來(lai),同志們(men)(men)(men)(men),努力吧!”
隨后,毛(mao)主席一(yi)行經晉綏軍區(qu)駐(zhu)地蔡家崖(ya),翻越五臺山和太(tai)行山脈,抵達河北省阜(fu)平縣(xian)的城南莊,5月26日(ri)到達西柏坡。
4月下(xia)旬,中央(yang)后委機關、部隊及隨從人員(yuan)全部轉(zhuan)移到(dao)西柏坡與中央(yang)工(gong)委會合。