1937年(nian)洛川會議以后(hou),西北青年(nian)訓(xun)練班(ban)從(cong)延安(an)遷到(dao)涇(jing)陽,于1938年(nian)春遷至此地(di),共舉(ju)辦了(le)6期訓(xun)練班(ban),畢業(ye)學員13000多(duo)人,培(pei)養了(le)大批青年(nian)干部。1940年(nian)4月(yue)撤回延安(an)。毛澤東為(wei)青訓(xun)班(ban)題詞,朱德親赴視(shi)察并(bing)作了(le)題為(wei)《抗日形(xing)勢》的報告,林伯渠經常在此講課。青訓(xun)班(ban)班(ban)部設在安(an)吳(wu)寡婦周氏正院,現保存完好。
位于涇陽縣(xian)安吳(wu)鎮安吳(wu)堡村。由門(men)(men)朝南,面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間(jian),明(ming)間(jian)為大門(men)(men),兩側翼門(men)(men)較(jiao)窄。三(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang),抬梁(liang)式結構(gou)。樂(le)(le)樓和山(shan)門(men)(men)相連而建(jian)(jian),坐南朝北,面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間(jian),進深三(san)(san)間(jian)。五架(jia)(jia)梁(liang),抬梁(liang)式結構(gou),山(shan)門(men)(men)楣間(jian)嵌(qian)匾石,陰刻(ke)楷書“迎(ying)祥(xiang)宮”三(san)(san)字(zi)。樂(le)(le)樓現(xian)存舞(wu)臺,三(san)(san)側原有(you)(you)彩(cai)繪(hui)屏風,吊頂(ding)八卦藻井。內側有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)本匾,陰刻(ke)草(cao)書“清(qing)歌妙舞(wu)”。山(shan)門(men)(men)、樂(le)(le)樓柱頭(tou)轉角、補間(jian)均為五彩(cai)重(zhong)昂斗拱,一(yi)(yi)斗三(san)(san)升。屏風枋板繪(hui)以(yi)蘇(su)式彩(cai)繪(hui)。山(shan)門(men)(men)山(shan)墻(qiang)前(qian)伸,磚雕仿木椽出檐,上(shang)施布紋板、筒瓦(wa)、溝頭(tou)滴水。刷頭(tou)內側有(you)(you)大量磚雕“萬字(zi)連珠”及花卉(hui)裝飾等(deng)。現(xian)存元(yuan)(yuan)至十七年(nian)(1280)所(suo)立《并 建(jian)(jian)大道迎(ying)祥(xiang)宮》碑(bei)一(yi)(yi)通立樂(le)(le)樓前(qian)。據碑(bei)文記(ji)載,迎(ying)祥(xiang)宮系涇陽縣(xian)德琳等(deng)選地創建(jian)(jian)于元(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)間(jian)。據當地人(ren)傳,清(qing)光(guang)緒末(mo)年(nian),慈禧避難西(xi)安,安吳(wu)大富商吳(wu)周(zhou)氏為迎(ying)圣旨捐銀十萬錢(qian),復修(xiu)、擴建(jian)(jian)該宮。
位(wei)于涇陽縣(xian)安吳(wu)鎮安吳(wu)堡吳(wu)氏(shi)莊園(yuan)后。望月(yue)樓(lou)坐北朝南,面(mian)闊五間,進深三間。一層(ceng)(ceng)南有廊(lang),廊(lang)通(tong)東(dong)、西(xi)兩側(ce),廊(lang)深一米。有四門(men)。圓拱磚卷門(men)楣(mei)磚雕橫額(e)“芭蕉(jiao)夜雨”等,磚卷圓拱頂。和上層(ceng)(ceng)對(dui)應有柱處亦(yi)仿木柱磚砌為圓柱形。北側(ce)為樓(lou)梯,通(tong)二樓(lou)。二層(ceng)(ceng)為七架梁,抬(tai)梁式(shi)結構。廡殿式(shi)屋頂,施布紋板、筒瓦(wa)。該樓(lou)系(xi)吳(wu)周(zhou)氏(shi)之子于民(min)國初年(nian)所(suo)建,為吳(wu)氏(shi)花園(yuan)中賞月(yue)納涼之用,因以為名。1985年(nian),全部拆除重修(xiu)。1988年(nian)彩繪(hui)。
吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)莊園(yuan)位(wei)于涇陽縣安(an)吳(wu)(wu)鎮安(an)吳(wu)(wu)堡(bao)村。莊園(yuan)坐北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan)(nan)。建筑面積1012平方米。現存三(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落,依(yi)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)中軸線排列。(1)門廳(ting)(ting):面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)八間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。自東(dong)數(shu)第四間(jian)(jian)安(an)大(da)門一(yi)(yi)合。(2)前院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)西(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang):面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。(3)大(da)廳(ting)(ting):面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)五間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)。(4)過廳(ting)(ting):面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)五間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。(5)后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang):東(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian),西(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。(6)退廳(ting)(ting):面闊(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)五間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。此建筑無文獻記載。據傳(chuan)吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)家共(gong)有東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)、中五院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),該院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為東(dong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之一(yi)(yi)部分。其中退廳(ting)(ting)為吳(wu)(wu)周(zhou)氏(shi)住(zhu)處
位于(yu)涇陽縣安(an)吳鎮(zhen)安(an)吳堡(bao)村。1937年“盧溝橋事變”后中(zhong)共中(zhong)央為(wei)(wei)(wei)抗戰需要,在(zai)涇陽縣云陽鎮(zhen)籌建(jian)旨在(zai)培養青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)年干部(bu)、發展抗日力量的(de)訓(xun)練班(ban)(簡稱青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban))。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)第四期以后遷至(zhi)安(an)吳鎮(zhen)安(an)吳堡(bao)村,時(shi)稱安(an)吳青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)以吳氏莊園為(wei)(wei)(wei)活動(dong)中(zhong)心,其前部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)領導機(ji)關班(ban)部(bu),中(zhong)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)會議室和晚會處,后部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)二連(lian)駐地。望月樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)副主(zhu)任胡喬木(mu)及秘書處住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)處,其東挑角(jiao)樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)主(zhu)任馮文彬和教(jiao)務處住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)處,其西為(wei)(wei)(wei)學員住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)處,其南為(wei)(wei)(wei)衛生處和一連(lian)住(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)處。大操場位于(yu)吳氏莊園門前,其西北角(jiao)大榆樹上懸掛銅鐘,青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)作息以撞此(ci)鐘為(wei)(wei)(wei)號。迎祥宮為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)會場之(zhi)一,系排演節目和舉辦晚會的(de)場所(suo)。1940年4月,按照中(zhong)央指示,青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)訓(xun)班(ban)全部(bu)撤(che)離(li)安(an)吳堡(bao)。
吳 周 氏:
(1868—1910),清涇陽縣魯橋鎮(zhen)孟店(dian)村(今(jin)屬(shu)三原縣)人,女,地(di)方財閥。娘(niang)家為名門(men)世(shi)族。17歲時(shi)出(chu)嫁(jia)涇陽縣安吳鎮(zhen)安吳堡村吳家,丈夫吳聘(pin)因(yin)染(ran)疾不(bu)愈(yu),婚(hun)后數日(ri)死去,因(yin)吳家無男(nan)丁承(cheng)嗣(si),吳周氏成為吳家惟一(yi)繼承(cheng)人,此后吳周氏即被(bei)稱為“安吳寡婦”。
其(qi)(qi)婆家(jia)祖(zu)先(xian),唐朝(chao)時(shi)由(you)江(jiang)(jiang)蘇遷來,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)確保后輩永遠安寧(ning),遂將住(zhu)(zhu)地起名(ming)(ming)(ming)“安吳(wu)(wu)(wu)”。后歷各朝(chao),子孫繁(fan)衍,至清初興(xing)(xing)盛(sheng)發(fa)達(da)起來。其(qi)(qi)時(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)兄弟(di)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)、西、南(nan)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)、中(zhong)五大(da)(da)(da)家(jia),又(you)稱五大(da)(da)(da)院(yuan)(yuan),以(yi)東(dong)院(yuan)(yuan)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)興(xing)(xing)旺。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)婆家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曾祖(zu)父吳(wu)(wu)(wu)恒德即(ji)是(shi)東(dong)院(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)。及至祖(zu)父吳(wu)(wu)(wu)萼軒(字汝英),在甘肅(su)涼州(zhou)一帶經商(shang)(shang)獲利,用(yong)銀(yin)(yin)子捐(juan)得“誥(gao)授武德騎尉(wei)衛守府”的(de)(de)(de)(de)官銜。公(gong)公(gong)尉(wei)文(字漢章)時(shi),一方(fang)面續用(yong)銀(yin)(yin)子捐(juan)官,先(xian)后任湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)后補道(dao)臺、山西寧(ning)武知府等職;另一方(fang)面憑(ping)(ping)借(jie)辦理(li)淮鹽(yan)鹽(yan)務(在戶部注冊(ce),承辦江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、江(jiang)(jiang)西、安徽等省鹽(yan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)專賣權(quan))、掌(zhang)握數(shu)百鹽(yan)引(即(ji)朝(chao)廷發(fa)給的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹽(yan)業專賣執照)之便,在揚州(zhou)設(she)(she)立鹽(yan)務總號(hao)“裕隆全”,各地設(she)(she)立分號(hao),一年(nian)(nian)(nian)就有數(shu)百萬兩(liang)銀(yin)(yin)子收入,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遠近聞名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)鹽(yan)商(shang)(shang)。光緒丙子年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1876)尉(wei)文去世,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)商(shang)(shang)業開始(shi)衰敗。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)來吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)接管家(jia)事后,“垂簾(lian)聽(ting)政”,精明(ming)用(yong)人(ren),勤于(yu)算(suan)計,極盡理(li)財(cai)聚(ju)(ju)財(cai)之能事,使(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)商(shang)(shang)業又(you)迅速走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)繁(fan)榮興(xing)(xing)旺。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)原有產業如江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、江(jiang)(jiang)西、安徽等省淮鹽(yan)經營(ying)繼續得以(yi)維持,又(you)先(xian)后在湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、上(shang)海(hai)、四(si)川、重慶、甘肅(su)及陜(shan)西各地設(she)(she)立很(hen)多商(shang)(shang)號(hao),各大(da)(da)(da)商(shang)(shang)埠、碼頭都有吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)意,勢(shi)力逐漸擴張(zhang),當(dang)時(shi)民間(jian)(jian)流傳一句話“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)伙(huo)計走(zou)州(zhou)過縣,不(bu)吃別家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飯,不(bu)住(zhu)(zhu)別家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)店(dian)”,形容其(qi)(qi)實力雄厚。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)憑(ping)(ping)借(jie)龐大(da)(da)(da)資本和官商(shang)(shang)勢(shi)力,壟斷(duan)(duan)居奇,巧取(qu)豪奪,在生(sheng)意興(xing)(xing)隆時(shi)期(qi)(1890—1900)聚(ju)(ju)集了大(da)(da)(da)量財(cai)富(fu)。她在安吳(wu)(wu)(wu)堡(bao)內仿(fang)效北(bei)(bei)(bei)京紫禁(jin)城格局,營(ying)建工程(cheng)浩大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豪華住(zhu)(zhu)宅,廳堂陳設(she)(she)都是(shi)當(dang)時(shi)極品,日常起居也極為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)富(fu)貴奢華,仆役人(ren)數(shu)達(da)2000余人(ren),全年(nian)(nian)(nian)花費十(shi)余萬銀(yin)(yin)兩(liang)。隨著財(cai)產不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)增加,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)謀求取(qu)得政治地位。光緒庚子年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1900),八國(guo)聯軍(jun)侵入北(bei)(bei)(bei)京,慈(ci)禧太后倉皇逃到西安避難,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)趁機以(yi)“助紓(shu)國(guo)難”名(ming)(ming)(ming)義,向(xiang)(xiang)慈(ci)禧太后貢銀(yin)(yin)十(shi)萬兩(liang)。慈(ci)禧嘉許(xu)其(qi)(qi)舉,誥(gao)封(feng)二品夫(fu)人(ren)(吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)死后被誥(gao)贈一品夫(fu)人(ren)),賜御(yu)筆親書“護(hu)國(guo)夫(fu)人(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)金字牌匾。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)顯示榮耀(yao),大(da)(da)(da)肆鋪張(zhang),上(shang)演大(da)(da)(da)戲三(san)天(tian)三(san)夜。此時(shi)她躋(ji)身皇帝國(guo)戚(qi),聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)顯赫,是(shi)一生(sheng)中(zhong)鼎盛(sheng)時(shi)期(qi)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)氏(shi)(shi)亦曾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賑濟災民、修建文廟等公(gong)益事業捐(juan)助大(da)(da)(da)筆銀(yin)(yin)兩(liang)。守寡20余年(nian)(nian)(nian),運用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)財(cai)博(bo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精明(ming)手段,使(shi)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)家(jia)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關(guan)中(zhong)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)家(jia)望族,本人(ren)亦被民間(jian)(jian)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“活財(cai)神”。終年(nian)(nian)(nian)42歲。