廣州(zhou)(zhou)抽水(shui)(shui)蓄能電站(zhan),世界第二大裝機容量的(de)(de)抽水(shui)(shui)蓄能電站(zhan),位于廣州(zhou)(zhou)市從化區呂田(tian)鎮深山大谷(gu)中(zhong),距廣州(zhou)(zhou)市90km。它是大亞灣核電站(zhan)的(de)(de)配套工(gong)程,為保(bao)證大亞灣電站(zhan)的(de)(de)安全(quan)經濟運行和滿足(zu)廣東電網填谷(gu)調峰的(de)(de)需要而(er)興建。
上(shang)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)位于(yu)召大水(shui)上(shang)游的陳禾洞(dong)小溪(xi)(xi)上(shang),下(xia)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)位于(yu)九曲水(shui)上(shang)游的小杉盆地,均屬流溪(xi)(xi)河水(shui)系。電站分兩期(qi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she),各裝機(ji)(ji)120萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,其中(zhong)一期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)4臺(tai)30萬(wan)千(qian)瓦機(ji)(ji)組于(yu)1994年3月全部建(jian)成發電;二期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)1998年12月第一臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)組并網運行,在2000年已全部投產。除機(ji)(ji)電設(she)(she)(she)備進口外,電站的設(she)(she)(she)計、施工(gong)都是我(wo)國自(zi)行完成的,它標志著我(wo)國大型(xing)抽水(shui)蓄能電站的設(she)(she)(she)計施工(gong)水(shui)平(ping)已跨入國際先(xian)進行列(lie)。
廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)抽(chou)水蓄能電(dian)站是全國工(gong)業旅游(you)(you)示范點,廣(guang)(guang)東省唯一的高(gao)科技旅游(you)(you)景(jing)區。主要由電(dian)站樞(shu)紐和(he)游(you)(you)覽景(jing)區組成。2002年被(bei)國家旅游(you)(you)局核(he)評為AAA旅游(you)(you)景(jing)區。廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)抽(chou)水蓄能電(dian)站內擁(yong)有世界最大(da)的抽(chou)水蓄能電(dian)廠,三星(xing)級的雙湖(hu)酒(jiu)店,各種文體娛(yu)樂設施。吃、住、玩配套服(fu)務(wu),廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)抽(chou)水蓄能電(dian)站是旅游(you)(you)度假的圣地(di)。
游人可以乘坐專車通過(guo)約十公(gong)(gong)里的盤山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)路爬上(shang)海(hai)拔800多米的上(shang)水庫,欣賞藍(lan)色透明的湖水和天空(kong)、迤(yi)邐的群山(shan)(shan),上(shang)水庫有奇特高山(shan)(shan)氣候,氣溫平均(jun)比山(shan)(shan)下(xia)低5度,廣州抽水蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)夏天的避暑勝地。整個廣州抽水蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)旅游景區以原(yuan)始次生林為主,群山(shan)(shan)環繞,空(kong)氣清新,負(fu)離子(zi)含量高,綠(lv)化(hua)覆蓋率達(da)90%以上(shang)。
廣州抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能電(dian)站(zhan)內植草皮85萬(wan)平方米(mi),植各種樹木100萬(wan)棵,亭臺樓榭錯落(luo)有(you)致(zhi)地散布其中,條條曲徑巧妙(miao)相連,與周圍的(de)建筑物搭配(pei)自然(ran)。上(shang)下(xia)水庫(ku)宛如兩塊翡翠鑲嵌在(zai)(zai)群山之中。廣州抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能電(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)一個(ge)花園式的(de)現代(dai)化企業,現在(zai)(zai)又開辟了以科(ke)普型和適應型為特點的(de)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)旅(lv)游(you)景點。游(you)客在(zai)(zai)參觀高科(ke)技(ji)(ji)受到知識啟迪(di)之余,又能享受到大自然(ran)清新氣息的(de)熏(xun)陶。
自駕游線路(lu):大廣高速(su)良口站下——新(xin)城西路(lu)——新(xin)城街——新(xin)城北路(lu)——G105——流溪河(he)隧(sui)道——G105——思泉(quan)路(lu)——到達(da)廣州抽水蓄能電(dian)站
電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)樞紐由上、下水(shui)水(shui)庫的(de)攔河(he)壩、引水(shui)系統(tong)和(he)地下廠房等(deng)組成。總裝機容(rong)量240萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,裝備8臺30萬(wan)千(qian)瓦具有水(shui)泵(beng)和(he)發電(dian)雙向調節能力的(de)機組,在同類型(xing)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)中也(ye)是世界(jie)上規模最大的(de)。
上水(shui)庫壩(ba)為混(hun)凝土(tu)面板堆石壩(ba),最大壩(ba)高(gao)68m,溢洪(hong)道為岸邊側槽式。下水(shui)庫壩(ba)為碾壓混(hun)凝土(tu)重力(li)壩(ba),最大壩(ba)高(gao)43.3m,溢流壩(ba)段設2孔寬(kuan)9m的溢流孔。
引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統包括上(shang)下(xia)庫(ku)進出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口、引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、上(shang)游調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)、高壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)及下(xia)游調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)等(deng)。一期工程引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)線(xian)總(zong)長(chang)3751m,其中上(shang)平段長(chang)925.77m,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)9m,與上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)連接;高壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)段長(chang)1066.22m,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)8.5m;下(xia)彎段后(hou)為"ト"形鋼筋混凝土岔管(guan),用(yong)4條直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)8.5~3.5m的(de)支(zhi)管(guan)進入廠房與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機聯接。尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)9m,長(chang)1521.013m,設2個調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)。二期工程引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)總(zong)長(chang)4438.34m,其中上(shang)平段長(chang)883.5m,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)9m,與上(shang)游調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)連接;高壓(ya)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)采用(yong)二級斜(xie)井(jing)布(bu)置,上(shang)下(xia)斜(xie)井(jing)總(zong)長(chang)694.2m,中平洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)長(chang)207.8m,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)8.5m;下(xia)斜(xie)井(jing)后(hou)接水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)由8.5變至8.0m,后(hou)接岔管(guan)段,岔管(guan)段主管(guan)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)8.0m漸變至3.5m,4條支(zhi)管(guan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)為3.5m;尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)長(chang)2190.34m,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑(jing)(jing)9m。設2個尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)。
一期工程的(de)地下(xia)廠(chang)房(fang)長146.5m,寬21m,高(gao)44.54m。二期工程地下(xia)廠(chang)房(fang)尺寸為(wei)146.5m×21m×47.64m,廠(chang)房(fang)內(nei)各(ge)安裝4臺單(dan)機容量為(wei)30萬kW的(de)豎軸(zhou)單(dan)級可逆混流式(shi)水泵水輪發(fa)電機組。
樞紐工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的主要工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量為:土(tu)石方(fang)明挖226.12萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),石方(fang)洞挖180.72萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),土(tu)石方(fang)填筑(zhu)64.24萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),混凝土(tu)澆筑(zhu)44.9萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),淹沒耕(geng)地89公頃(qing),人口遷移(yi)1004人,工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)靜態(tai)總投資3.885億元。
上下水(shui)(shui)庫間引水(shui)(shui)距離約3km,水(shui)(shui)位落差500m,電(dian)(dian)站裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)240萬(wan)kW,分兩(liang)期(qi)(qi)建(jian)設。一期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)120萬(wan)kW,年(nian)(nian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)23.8億(yi)kW·h;二(er)期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)120萬(wan)kW,年(nian)(nian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)25.089億(yi)kW·h。廣(guang)州抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)站配合(he)大(da)亞灣(wan)核電(dian)(dian)站運行,以解決(jue)華(hua)南電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統調峰填谷的(de)需(xu)要。一期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于1988年(nian)(nian)9月開工(gong)(gong),1993年(nian)(nian)8月第(di)(di)一臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組發電(dian)(dian),1994年(nian)(nian)4臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組全部建(jian)成發電(dian)(dian);二(er)期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于1994年(nian)(nian)9月主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開工(gong)(gong),1998年(nian)(nian)12月第(di)(di)一臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組并(bing)網(wang)發電(dian)(dian)。
上(shang)水(shui)庫壩址以上(shang)集水(shui)面積5平方公里,多(duo)年平均流量(liang)為0.209立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)位816.8m,相應庫容2575萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi),死水(shui)位797.0m,相應庫容1684萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)。上(shang)庫壩按千年一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)設(she)計,按萬(wan)年一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)校核(he),相應流量(liang)分別為252立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao)和308立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao)。
下水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)壩址以(yi)上集水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積13平方(fang)(fang)公里,多(duo)年平均流(liu)量0.544立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)287.4m,相(xiang)(xiang)應庫(ku)容2832萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),死水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)275m,相(xiang)(xiang)應庫(ku)容1711萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。大壩按千年一遇洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)設計(ji),按萬(wan)(wan)年一遇洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核,相(xiang)(xiang)應流(liu)量分別為723立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)和881立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)。
上(shang)庫壩(ba)址河(he)谷狹窄,兩岸山體雄厚,基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)為花(hua)崗巖(yan),巖(yan)性單(dan)一,斷裂構造規(gui)模不大,地(di)(di)質條件(jian)優越。下庫基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)也為花(hua)崗巖(yan),河(he)床(chuang)沖(chong)積層薄(bo),兩岸山坡風化帶不深(shen),斷裂雖較(jiao)發育,但仍具有良(liang)好的建壩(ba)條件(jian)。引水系統基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)主要為中粗(cu)粒黑云母花(hua)崗巖(yan),夾有少(shao)量煌(huang)班巖(yan)脈及細粒花(hua)崗巖(yan)脈。工程地(di)(di)區地(di)(di)震基(ji)(ji)本烈度(du)為6度(du)。
電站水泵水輪機的主(zhu)要(yao)技術特性(xing)是:
額(e)定(ding)轉速500r/min;電(dian)站最(zui)大水頭541.8m,額(e)定(ding)水頭514m;最(zui)小水頭509.6m,水輪(lun)機工況:最(zui)大出力34.77萬Kw,最(zui)大流(liu)量72.2立(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao)。
水泵工(gong)況(kuang):最大入力32.608萬Kw,最大流(liu)量(liang)60.03立方米/秒。
水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)水(shui)(shui)輪機轉輪直徑3886mm,用(yong)鉻17鎳4不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼整體鑄造(zao),7個(ge)葉片(pian),座(zuo)環(huan)分(fen)兩瓣制造(zao),20個(ge)固定導葉,蝸(gua)殼為鋼板(ban)焊接(jie)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。導葉用(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼鑄造(zao),共20個(ge)。頂蓋(gai)為鋼板(ban)焊接(jie)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。推力軸承置于(yu)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)水(shui)(shui)輪機頂蓋(gai)上,暫態最(zui)大(da)推力負荷約980t。水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)輪機總(zong)重650t。
廣(guang)州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)位于從化區(qu)(qu)呂田鎮小杉,距廣(guang)州市區(qu)(qu)120公(gong)里,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)有兩(liang)個水(shui)庫(ku),海拔800多米的(de)(de)上水(shui)庫(ku)和4.2公(gong)里外的(de)(de)山腳(jiao)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)庫(ku)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)總(zong)投資65億元人(ren)民幣,分(fen)(fen)布在27平方公(gong)里范(fan)圍,主(zhu)要由上下(xia)(xia)水(shui)庫(ku),兩(liang)個地(di)下(xia)(xia)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)和30公(gong)里的(de)(de)地(di)下(xia)(xia)各種通(tong)道構(gou)成(cheng)。樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)十分(fen)(fen)宏(hong)偉壯觀。地(di)下(xia)(xia)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)裝(zhuang)有引進法國(guo)、德國(guo)的(de)(de)8臺單機(ji)容量為(wei)30萬(wan)千(qian)瓦的(de)(de)可逆式水(shui)泵水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu),總(zong)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量240萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)樞(shu)紐用(yong)(yong)(yong)智能型計算機(ji)監控(kong)系統,廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)實現無人(ren)值班,機(ji)組(zu)開關可在廣(guang)州、香(xiang)港兩(liang)地(di)遙控(kong)。全廠(chang)職工(gong)(gong)144人(ren),是國(guo)內萬(wan)千(qian)瓦平均用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)量的(de)(de)百分(fen)(fen)之三,高(gao)科技、現代化程(cheng)序達世界(jie)一(yi)流水(shui)平。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)于1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)動工(gong)(gong)興建(jian),2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)全面(mian)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過南非(fei)NOSA安全管理(li)系統評(ping)定(ding)為(wei)國(guo)內唯一(yi)的(de)(de)一(yi)家五星級企業。從1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)10日施工(gong)(gong)準備開始至2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)14日8號機(ji)投產,整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)設總(zong)工(gong)(gong)期為(wei)142個月(yue)。上庫(ku)的(de)(de)召大(da)水(shui)和下(xia)(xia)庫(ku)的(de)(de)九曲水(shui)同屬流溪河上游牛欄(lan)河的(de)(de)支流,水(shui)質非(fei)常好,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)就是利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)上下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)庫(ku)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能——勢能——電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)循環(huan)轉化來抽水(shui)蓄能的(de)(de)。
電(dian)(dian)廠由廣東省水(shui)電(dian)(dian)設(she)計院設(she)計,主體工程由水(shui)電(dian)(dian)部14局施工。電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)一(yi)流的(de)建設(she),一(yi)流的(de)管理(li),具有高(gao)科技的(de)神秘氣息、現代化(hua)企業的(de)宏偉(wei)氣魄。是(shi)改革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)的(de)偉(wei)大成果,也是(shi)中(zhong)華民族智慧的(de)結晶(jing)。
蓄能(neng)電(dian)廠旅游度假(jia)區(qu)距105國道5KM,距從化(hua)街口60KM。