上(shang)海(hai)長(chang)興(xing)(xing)(xing)島(dao)(dao)(dao),是崇明(ming)三島(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)距上(shang)海(hai)市區最近的(de)(de)一個,僅需半(ban)小時車程(cheng)。長(chang)興(xing)(xing)(xing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)素有(you)“橘鄉”、“凈(jing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)”、“長(chang)壽(shou)島(dao)(dao)(dao)”之美稱(cheng)。得天獨厚的(de)(de)自然(ran)條(tiao)件(jian)和(he)豐富的(de)(de)自然(ran)資源使長(chang)興(xing)(xing)(xing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)旅游業得到了充(chong)分發展。
長(chang)興島景(jing)點主要(yao)有上(shang)海橘園(yuan)、蒙古(gu)村跑馬(ma)場、垂珠園(yuan)、上(shang)海特技城、先豐度(du)假村、石沙野生動(dong)物園(yuan)、綠島蘆蕩(dang)迷宮、星島度(du)假鄉村俱樂部等,每(mei)到深秋季節,島上(shang)舉(ju)辦的(de)上(shang)海柑(gan)橘節豐富(fu)多彩(cai),熱鬧(nao)非凡。
自駕車(che)(che)(che):從人(ren)民廣(guang)場(chang)出(chu)(chu)發,上(shang)(shang)延安(an)路(lu)(lu)高(gao)架轉(zhuan)(zhuan)南北高(gao)架,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)內環高(gao)架,行逸仙高(gao)架,外(wai)環隧(sui)道出(chu)(chu)口下,過牡丹江(jiang)(jiang)路(lu)(lu)見吳淞碼頭(tou)。如愿(yuan)帶(dai)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)島(dao)(dao),可選車(che)(che)(che)客渡輪攜(xie)愛車(che)(che)(che)同(tong)登長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興島(dao)(dao),2009年長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)隧(sui)橋開通(tong)后(hou),車(che)(che)(che)客渡與普(pu)通(tong)客輪均已(yi)取(qu)消,欲帶(dai)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)島(dao)(dao)經浦東走隧(sui)道。馬家港碼頭(tou)下船,延鳳凰公路(lu)(lu)行駛,見潘園(yuan)公路(lu)(lu)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan),延路(lu)(lu)留意桔園(yuan)度(du)假(jia)村(cun)標(biao)識,(度(du)假(jia)村(cun)位(wei)于公路(lu)(lu)北側一條小徑內,未到(dao)(dao)前衛支路(lu)(lu)),延路(lu)(lu)標(biao)提醒駕車(che)(che)(che)約10分鐘可到(dao)(dao)達桔園(yuan)度(du)假(jia)村(cun)。背(bei)包族(zu):從上(shang)(shang)海市(shi)(shi)區出(chu)(chu)發,坐(zuo)公交(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)至吳淞碼頭(tou),乘快船或慢(man)船上(shang)(shang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興島(dao)(dao),上(shang)(shang)島(dao)(dao)后(hou)打車(che)(che)(che)前往度(du)假(jia)村(cun)(小型面包車(che)(che)(che),車(che)(che)(che)資10元,可坐(zuo)8人(ren))。現在長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)隧(sui)道開通(tong)了(le),我們可以從市(shi)(shi)區開往五洲大道方向,經過高(gao)東收費(fei)站,直接通(tong)過長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)隧(sui)道到(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)興島(dao)(dao),既快又方便,而且收費(fei)相交(jiao)輪渡少(shao)得多。
有申崇四線和(he)申崇五線往返長興島與浦西浦東(dong)之間。
上(shang)海市區乘游5線(xian)、51路(lu)、116路(lu)、728路(lu)、849路(lu)到吳淞(song)碼頭乘船可(ke)前往(wang)長興、橫沙二島。也可(ke)搭乘走長江隧橋申崇(chong)四(si)線(xian)前往(wang)上(shang)海科(ke)技館地(di)鐵站(zhan),申崇(chong)四(si)線(xian)(區間)前往(wang)五洲大(da)道地(di)鐵站(zhan),申崇(chong)五線(xian)前往(wang)吳淞(song)公交(jiao)客運站(zhan)。
公交線(xian)(xian)路(lu)51路(lu)、116路(lu)至(zhi)(zhi)吳淞(song)路(lu)碼頭(tou)乘(cheng)輪(lun)渡。3號(hao)線(xian)(xian)到(dao)淞(song)濱路(lu)走十分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘樣(yang)子(zi)就可(ke)以到(dao)輪(lun)渡,凡是到(dao)淞(song)濱路(lu)的,走一(yi)點(dian)就可(ke)以到(dao)吳淞(song)碼頭(tou)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)客輪(lun),目前普通輪(lun)渡和車(che)客渡均已取消,只(zhi)有飛翼船,遇雷雨等強(qiang)對流天(tian)(tian)氣導致江(jiang)面風力達到(dao)七級(ji)就會停航(hang),因此欲坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)船上島(dao)請務必留意當天(tian)(tian)天(tian)(tian)氣情況,以免耽(dan)誤(wu)行程。還可(ke)以乘(cheng)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)公交車(che)申(shen)崇五(wu)線(xian)(xian)由(you)吳淞(song)碼頭(tou)站直達長(chang)興(xing)島(dao),運營時間為(wei)6:00至(zhi)(zhi)20:00,20分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘一(yi)班(ban),票(piao)價8元(yuan) ,另外(wai)可(ke)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)申(shen)崇四線(xian)(xian)車(che),由(you)浦東科(ke)技(ji)館站直達長(chang)興(xing)島(dao),運營時間為(wei)6:00至(zhi)(zhi)21:00,20分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘一(yi)班(ban),票(piao)價9元(yuan)。
長興島(dao)服務區是長興島(dao)的必經(jing)之(zhi)路。
長(chang)興鎮位于崇明(ming)區(qu)的東南(nan)(nan)部,是吳淞(song)口(kou)(kou)外長(chang)江南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)道入海(hai)(hai)口(kou)(kou)的一個島(dao)(dao)嶼。東南(nan)(nan)鄰橫沙(sha)島(dao)(dao),東、北眺崇明(ming)島(dao)(dao),西(xi)(xi)與“寶(bao)(bao)鋼”、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)與浦東外高橋隔(ge)江相(xiang)望,相(xiang)距(ju)7.5公里。上海(hai)(hai)城投前衛實(shi)業公司(si)鑲(xiang)嵌在島(dao)(dao)的中部。地理(li)坐標東經(jing)121°34′-121°47′,北緯31°19′-31°26′,全境呈帶狀,東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)26.8公里,南(nan)(nan)北寬為(wei)2-4公里。全島(dao)(dao)面積(ji)88.54平方公里,灘涂(tu)面積(ji)8.5平方公里,可耕地面積(ji)39480畝(不包括前衛實(shi)業公司(si)),總(zong)戶(hu)數13440戶(hu),其中:農戶(hu)12106戶(hu),總(zong)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)40391人(ren)。已登記的外來(lai)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)57000多人(ren)。長(chang)興島(dao)(dao)原屬(shu)寶(bao)(bao)山(shan)區(qu)管轄(xia),2005年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)18日由國務院(yuan)批(pi)準,5月(yue)31日整(zheng)建制(zhi)劃歸(gui)崇明(ming)縣(xian)。長(chang)興島(dao)(dao)屬(shu)江口(kou)(kou)沙(sha)洲,咸豐年(nian)(nian)間已形成(cheng)六個小(xiao)島(dao)(dao),六十年(nian)(nian)代末(mo),七十年(nian)(nian)代初,長(chang)興人(ren)民擔土(tu)填江,將六個小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)筑(zhu)壩聯(lian)成(cheng)一體。島(dao)(dao)上屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)性氣候(hou),由于四(si)周水(shui)(shui)體的調溫作用,夏季(ji)濕潤(run)涼爽,冬季(ji)溫和,雨水(shui)(shui)調勻,空氣新鮮,光(guang)照充足,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)。
長興(xing)島(dao)南岸有深水(shui)岸線近20公里,水(shui)深12米(mi)至16米(mi),最深處(chu)達22米(mi),寬度為1000米(mi)左右。水(shui)情(qing)穩定,沒有泥沙淤(yu)積,適合建造碼頭(tou)、港口機械、造船、修(xiu)船、物(wu)流中轉基地。可(ke)停(ting)靠30萬噸級(ji)輪船,而(er)且進出方(fang)便,為長興(xing)發(fa)展海洋裝備產業奠定了堅實的基礎。
長(chang)興(xing)(xing)島(dao)與大陸(lu)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)方便,長(chang)興(xing)(xing)馬家(jia)港(gang)與吳淞水上(shang)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)運(yun)(yun)交通(tong)(tong)(tong),由(you)長(chang)興(xing)(xing)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)運(yun)(yun)站(zhan)的(de)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)渡及車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡運(yun)(yun)輸,每(mei)天(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)常航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)班為客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)運(yun)(yun)25個(ge)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)次,車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡5個(ge)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)次,其中客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)運(yun)(yun)2個(ge)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)次,車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡1個(ge)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)次,通(tong)(tong)(tong)往橫沙島(dao)來回帶客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。日載(zai)(zai)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)量可達5000余(yu)人,車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡輪(lun)(lun)(lun)能載(zai)(zai)車(che)(che)40余(yu)輛(liang)。吳淞至長(chang)興(xing)(xing)高(gao)速客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)30分鐘、普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)1小時左右可抵達。2005年(nian)7月(yue)5日長(chang)興(xing)(xing)馬家(jia)港(gang)與崇(chong)(chong)明南門港(gang)水上(shang)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)運(yun)(yun)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)正(zheng)(zheng)式開通(tong)(tong)(tong),由(you)崇(chong)(chong)明亞通(tong)(tong)(tong)公(gong)(gong)司運(yun)(yun)輸,早(zao)晚2個(ge)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)次,行使在(zai)兩島(dao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)高(gao)速客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)可載(zai)(zai)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)110人,單程航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)行時間(jian)約70分鐘。2009年(nian)長(chang)江隧橋(qiao)開通(tong)(tong)(tong)后,車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡、普(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)及馬家(jia)港(gang)至南門的(de)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)線均已取消,只有長(chang)興(xing)(xing)島(dao)至吳淞之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)高(gao)速客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)得以保(bao)留。長(chang)興(xing)(xing)島(dao)與橫沙島(dao)之(zhi)間(jian)第二航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)線于2005年(nian)12月(yue)31日開通(tong)(tong)(tong),由(you)“崇(chong)(chong)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1號(hao)”輪(lun)(lun)(lun)載(zai)(zai)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),每(mei)天(tian)20班次,航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)程15分鐘。在(zai)1998年(nian)12月(yue)30日,投資(zi)3075萬元(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡碼頭(tou)改(gai)擴建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程的(de)基礎上(shang),2007年(nian)10月(yue)又建(jian)(jian)成了一座車(che)(che)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)渡碼頭(tou)。潘圓公(gong)(gong)路貫(guan)穿全島(dao),途(tu)徑長(chang)興(xing)(xing)島(dao)中部的(de)“滬崇(chong)(chong)蘇(su)”高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路即上(shang)海長(chang)江隧橋(qiao)工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設(she)進展順利(li)。
長(chang)興島是由長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)泥沙在入海(hai)口(kou)(kou)沉積而(er)成(cheng)的沙洲。東(dong)西長(chang)約(yue)20km,南(nan)(nan)北寬約(yue)14km,呈(cheng)帶(dai)狀,成(cheng)陸面積為(wei)(wei)88平(ping)方千米(mi)。位于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)入海(hai)口(kou)(kou)南(nan)(nan)支(zhi),并將長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)支(zhi)分為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)北兩港。
長興島(dao)由諸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)洲連(lian)并而(er)成,主(zhu)要有鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、石頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、瑞豐沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、潘家沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、圓圓沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、金(jin)帶(dai)(dai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)等。距今700年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,長興島(dao)為(wei)水下沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)洲。1644年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)出露水面(mian),1844年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)2.20平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi),崇(chong)寶(bao)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)7.20平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)。1843年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始在(zai)出露的(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)洲上圍墾筑圩,鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)經(jing)過100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多淤漲(zhang)變遷面(mian)積(ji)擴(kuo)大(da)到14平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi),成為(wei)長興島(dao)主(zhu)體。崇(chong)寶(bao)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)位(wei)于(yu)鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)以西,到1860年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)面(mian)積(ji)擴(kuo)大(da)到13.70平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)。1880年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)崇(chong)寶(bao)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)分裂(lie)為(wei)3個小(xiao)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha),即瑞豐沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、石頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、小(xiao)石頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。小(xiao)石頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)不(bu)久便坍入江中。1842年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)石頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)面(mian)積(ji)近20平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi),至20世(shi)紀(ji)初期,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)體不(bu)斷(duan)縮小(xiao)。1854年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)圓圓沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)面(mian)積(ji)1.4平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi),它(ta)位(wei)于(yu)鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)東(dong)南5km處,因受潮(chao)流影響(xiang),沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)體先(xian)向(xiang)西北方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)移動,靠近鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha),后(hou)又向(xiang)東(dong)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)移動,遠離鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。20世(shi)紀(ji)中葉,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)洲面(mian)積(ji)擴(kuo)大(da)到14平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)。1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)金(jin)帶(dai)(dai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)5平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi),它(ta)位(wei)于(yu)鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)之東(dong),后(hou)擴(kuo)大(da)到7.50平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)潘家沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)面(mian)積(ji)9平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)。它(ta)位(wei)于(yu)石頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)東(dong)、鴨(ya)(ya)窩(wo)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)西北、沖坍明顯,1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)面(mian)積(ji)縮小(xiao)到5~6平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)。
這些沙體(ti)于上世紀60~70年代初經(jing)人工(gong)堵汊,連成(cheng)(cheng)一體(ti)形成(cheng)(cheng)今日長興(xing)島。
清(qing)道光(guang)年(nian)間,六個(ge)沙洲相繼成陸(lu)。2005年(nian)長興(xing)鄉從(cong)寶(bao)山區劃歸崇明縣,2009年(nian)10月,市政(zheng)府批準設立長興(xing)鎮(建制鎮)。
長興島(dao)東(dong)西長約(yue)31公(gong)里(li),南北寬(kuan)2~4公(gong)里(li),現狀面(mian)積約(yue)155平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),其中青草沙水庫面(mian)積約(yue)67平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)。長興鎮人(ren)民政府下轄24個行政村,前衛(wei)農場土地面(mian)積約(yue)13平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)。島(dao)內現狀實有人(ren)口約(yue)12萬(wan)人(ren),其中戶籍人(ren)口約(yue)4萬(wan)人(ren),外來(lai)人(ren)口約(yue)8萬(wan)人(ren)。
長(chang)興島現(xian)狀(zhuang)以(yi)柑(gan)橘種植(zhi)(zhi)為主,種植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積達20平方公(gong)里,素有“柑(gan)桔之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”的美譽。2002年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來(lai),長(chang)興島南岸先后(hou)有振華(hua)重工、中船一期、中海工業(ye)(ye)等大型國有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)落戶發(fa)展,2008年(nian)(nian)工業(ye)(ye)產值達到(dao)370億元。
2009年10月31日(ri),長江隧橋建(jian)成通車,長興(xing)島(dao)成為上(shang)海聯系崇明三島(dao)和蘇中(zhong)、蘇北(bei)地(di)區的“橋頭堡(bao)”,長興(xing)島(dao)距上(shang)海市中(zhong)心(xin)僅30分鐘車程。