其人在《三國志(zhi)·卷八·魏(wei)書·二公(gong)孫陶(tao)四(si)張傳》有只言片語的(de)提及:
公元197年(建安(an)二年),曹操南征,部隊到達淯水,張(zhang)繡率眾(zhong)投(tou)降(jiang)。曹操納(na)了張(zhang)濟的遺(yi)孀,張(zhang)繡因(yin)此懷恨曹操。
摘自《三國演(yan)義(yi)》第十六回“呂奉先射戟轅門(men) ,曹孟德(de)敗師淯水。”
一日操(cao)(cao)醉,退入寢所,私問(wen)左右曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有妓(ji)女否(fou)?”操(cao)(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄子曹(cao)安(an)(an)民,知操(cao)(cao)意,乃(nai)密對曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“昨晚小侄窺見館(guan)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側,有一婦(fu)人(ren),生(sheng)得(de)十分(fen)美麗,問(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)繡(xiu)(xiu)叔張濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻也。”操(cao)(cao)聞言,便令安(an)(an)民領五十甲兵(bing)往取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。須臾,取(qu)到軍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。操(cao)(cao)見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),果(guo)然(ran)美麗。問(wen)其姓,婦(fu)答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“妾乃(nai)張濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻鄒氏也。”操(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“夫(fu)人(ren)識吾(wu)(wu)否(fou)?”鄒氏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“久(jiu)聞丞相威名,今(jin)夕幸得(de)瞻拜(bai)。”操(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)為(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)故(gu),特納(na)張繡(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)降;不(bu)(bu)然(ran)滅族矣。”鄒氏拜(bai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“實感再生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩。”操(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今(jin)日得(de)見夫(fu)人(ren),乃(nai)天幸也。今(jin)宵(xiao)愿同(tong)枕席,隨(sui)吾(wu)(wu)還都,安(an)(an)享富貴,何如?”鄒氏拜(bai)謝(xie)。是(shi)夜,共宿(su)于帳中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鄒氏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“久(jiu)住(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),繡(xiu)(xiu)必生(sheng)疑,亦恐外(wai)人(ren)議論。”操(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“明日同(tong)夫(fu)人(ren)去寨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)住(zhu)。”次(ci)日,移于城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)安(an)(an)歇,喚(huan)典(dian)韋(wei)就(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軍帳房外(wai)宿(su)衛。他人(ren)非(fei)奉(feng)呼(hu)喚(huan),不(bu)(bu)許輒入。因此(ci),內外(wai)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)。操(cao)(cao)每日與鄒氏取(qu)樂(le),不(bu)(bu)想歸(gui)期。
演義形象
《三國演義》里姓鄒(zou),容(rong)貌(mao)(mao)甚美。其夫(fu)(fu)張(zhang)(zhang)濟攻穰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)死(si)(si),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)張(zhang)(zhang)繡接管了軍(jun)隊(dui),鄒(zou)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)隨侄兒寡居宛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。公元197年(nian)(nian),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)征張(zhang)(zhang)繡,張(zhang)(zhang)繡投降(jiang)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)進宛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)納降(jiang)時(shi),操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)侄曹(cao)(cao)(cao)安(an)民(min)引鄒(zou)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)見(jian)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)見(jian)其美貌(mao)(mao),強(qiang)納之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。張(zhang)(zhang)繡知曉此(ci)事(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)大怒,認(ren)為曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)侮辱(ru)了自己(ji)與其叔張(zhang)(zhang)濟。張(zhang)(zhang)繡聽(ting)從謀士賈(jia)(jia)詡建(jian)議(yi)秘密調動軍(jun)隊(dui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)突襲曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),將(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)打得措(cuo)手不及,大敗而逃。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)坐(zuo)騎(qi)絕影身(shen)中數箭仍載(zai)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)奮力(li)奔跑(pao)(pao),最終未跑(pao)(pao)出宛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)死(si)(si)于此(ci)戰(zhan)(zhan)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)長子曹(cao)(cao)(cao)昂(ang)將(jiang)(jiang)坐(zuo)騎(qi)讓(rang)與父親逃跑(pao)(pao),自己(ji)步戰(zhan)(zhan)斷(duan)后(hou)(hou)(hou),戰(zhan)(zhan)死(si)(si)。大將(jiang)(jiang)典韋率(lv)十(shi)數位精選的(de)(de)親信護衛戰(zhan)(zhan)于門前為曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)斷(duan)后(hou)(hou)(hou),他們雖兵甲不齊(qi),但(dan)個個以(yi)一(yi)當十(shi),殊死(si)(si)相搏,殺敵(di)甚眾后(hou)(hou)(hou)皆力(li)戰(zhan)(zhan)而死(si)(si)。操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)侄曹(cao)(cao)(cao)安(an)民(min)亦(yi)殞命于此(ci)戰(zhan)(zhan)。宛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗是曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)一(yi)生軍(jun)事(shi)中鮮有的(de)(de)大敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan),鄒(zou)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)亦(yi)因此(ci)被(bei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)世稱為禍水。公元198年(nian)(nian),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)張(zhang)(zhang)繡間(jian)又(you)有一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)。公元199年(nian)(nian),賈(jia)(jia)詡建(jian)議(yi)張(zhang)(zhang)繡,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)乃立(li)信天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),勝(sheng)于袁紹,必不計(ji)前嫌(xian),接納將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun),將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)應復降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。張(zhang)(zhang)繡聽(ting)從,再(zai)次投降(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)大喜,果然不計(ji)前事(shi),為張(zhang)(zhang)繡設宴,還(huan)讓(rang)自己(ji)的(de)(de)兒子曹(cao)(cao)(cao)均娶了張(zhang)(zhang)繡的(de)(de)女兒,兩家結為連理(li),并封張(zhang)(zhang)繡為揚武將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。
京劇形象
京劇《戰宛城》 【一(yi)名(ming)《張繡刺嬸(shen)》、《割發代首(shou)》和(he)《盜雙(shuang)戟》】,扮演者:常秋(qiu)月(yue)
劇情(qing):曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)統(tong)兵(bing)往宛(wan)城討伐張(zhang)繡,曾傳令三(san)軍沿途不可踐踏青苗,違令者斬(zhan)。但行軍途中(zhong),他自(zi)己的馬因受(shou)驚而(er)(er)入麥地,踐踏了青苗,曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)遂欲拔劍(jian)自(zi)刎(wen),為眾(zhong)將所(suo)勸阻(zu),最后割發代(dai)替斬(zhan)首,用(yong)來儆(jing)戒三(san)軍。兵(bing)至宛(wan)城,張(zhang)繡戰敗(bai)歸降,后因曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)擄(lu)占其(qi)嬸(shen)母鄒氏(shi)而(er)(er)欲反曹(cao)(cao),但怵于典(dian)韋勇悍難制,所(suo)以先派胡車兒(er)盜取(qu)典(dian)韋的稱手兵(bing)器——雙(shuang)戟,然(ran)后襲擊曹(cao)(cao)營。結果(guo),曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)毫無(wu)準備而(er)(er)敗(bai),輕(qing)騎逃奔,一子一侄喪命在(zai)亂軍之(zhi)中(zhong)。典(dian)韋也因猝不及(ji)防(fang),赤身戰死(si)。張(zhang)繡殺(sha)入曹(cao)(cao)營,刺(ci)死(si)其(qi)嬸(shen)母鄒氏(shi)。