海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮是中(zhong)共(gong)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)區(qu)委(wei)、區(qu)人(ren)大、區(qu)政協、區(qu)政府(fu)的駐地,有法院、檢察院、區(qu)武(wu)裝部、區(qu)公安(an)分局、教育局等四(si)十余個區(qu)屬機關(guan)。這里有中(zhong)學、小學、圖書(shu)城、圖書(shu)館(guan)、少年(nian)文(wen)化宮、醫院、銀行、商(shang)場(chang)、酒樓、寫字樓、電子市場(chang)等服(fu)務配套設施(shi),海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮成為海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)區(qu)政治(zhi)、文(wen)化中(zhong)心。
元(yuan)初,翰林學士(shi)王(wang)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀曾受(shou)命從燕京(jing)去上(shang)都治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)開(kai)平府,將沿途道里(li)(li)風土記入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)事(shi)記》一(yi)書,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提到海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)。他寫(xie)道:“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統二年(nian)二月五(wu)日丙(bing)寅未刻(ke),發(fa)自燕京(jing),是(shi)夕,宿通玄北(bei)(bei)郭。六(liu)(liu)日丁卯午,憩海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian),距京(jing)城二十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。是(shi)晚,宿南口新(xin)店(dian)(dian),距海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)七十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。”燕京(jing),即(ji)金朝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心區在今宣武區廣安(an)門(men)一(yi)帶。王(wang)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀所(suo)(suo)記的(de)行(xing)程、時間、里(li)(li)數(shu)和實際正(zheng)合(he)。明(ming)萬歷(li)(li)二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1593)刻(ke)本(ben)出版的(de)《宛(wan)署雜記》,記述(shu):“海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)……俱縱橫(heng)北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)店(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)四方,與昌平州(zhou)地(di)(di)方犬牙。”稍(shao)后,《長安(an)客話》云:“水所(suo)(suo)聚曰淀(dian)(dian)(dian)。高梁橋(qiao)西北(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),平地(di)(di)有(you)泉,彪灑四出,淙汩草木之(zhi)(zhi)間,潴為小溪,凡數(shu)十(shi)(shi)處,北(bei)(bei)為北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian),南為南海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian),遠樹參差(cha)點(dian),高下攢簇,間以(yi)(yi)水田,町塍相接,蓋神(shen)皋之(zhi)(zhi)佳(jia)麗,效居之(zhi)(zhi)勝選也。”書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)提到“北(bei)(bei)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)園(yuan)一(yi)區,水曹郎米仲(zhong)(zhong)詔(zhao)萬鐘新(xin)筑(zhu)也,取海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)勺之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)”。詩(shi)人呂九玄做(zuo)詩(shi)“元(yuan)宵(xiao)疑向山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賞,海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)翻從席上(shang)涵”贊美勺園(yuan)。李偉是(shi)明(ming)神(shen)宗朱翊鈞的(de)外祖父,在北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)造清(qing)華園(yuan)。沈德符在《萬歷(li)(li)野獲編》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫(xie)道:“海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)……有(you)戚畹(wan)李武清(qing)新(xin)構亭館(guan),大(da)樓百(bai)畝,穿池(chi)疊(die)山(shan)所(suo)(suo)費已(yi)巨萬,尚(shang)屬經始耳。”清(qing)季已(yi)降,自康(kang)熙以(yi)(yi)后,王(wang)公大(da)臣在鎮(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或附(fu)近(jin)建(jian)園(yuan)構宅。正(zheng)像《天(tian)咫偶聞》書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)描述(shu)的(de)“朱門(men)碧瓦,累棟連薨,與城中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)異”。成為京(jing)西第一(yi)大(da)鎮(zhen)。光緒二十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(1900),八國聯軍侵占海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)“也是(shi)搶掠燒(shao)殺強奸等等,無(wu)所(suo)(suo)不為”。日偽統治(zhi)時期又使得海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)變得十(shi)(shi)分蕭條。1949年(nian)后,海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)才(cai)得以(yi)(yi)復蘇,改革開(kai)放(fang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)又有(you)翻天(tian)覆地(di)(di)的(de)變化。
從海淀胡同名稱看,大(da)(da)致可分為以(yi)下幾(ji)種歷(li)史淵源形(xing)成(cheng)的名稱:一系由海淀歷(li)史上的沼澤地(di)(di)帶(dai)遺存形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)西(xi)上坡(po)、大(da)(da)泡子、南(nan)海淀、北(bei)海淀、下洼子、龍(long)鳳橋西(xi)岔、泄水(shui)湖、大(da)(da)坑沿、大(da)(da)河莊(zhuang)、銀絲溝、三(san)角地(di)(di)、港溝;二是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)街巷形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)雙橋東、后(hou)馬路、西(xi)柵(zha)欄、西(xi)大(da)(da)街、老(lao)虎(hu)洞、果子市、驢市口、絨線、南(nan)柵(zha)欄、南(nan)大(da)(da)街、南(nan)小街;三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)廟(miao)宇(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)娘娘廟(miao)、觀音閣、蘇(su)公家(jia)廟(miao);四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)象征吉祥如(ru)意(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)金(jin)龍(long)館、辛莊(zhuang)、前辛莊(zhuang)、永辛莊(zhuang)、善緣橋、彩和(he)坊、太平院(yuan)、太平莊(zhuang);五是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)清(qing)代軍機章京內外值(zhi)盧形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)軍機處;六是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)水(shui)井(jing)形(xing)成(cheng)的胡同,有(you)雙井(jing)、楊家(jia)井(jing)、大(da)(da)井(jing)、前官(guan)園、后(hou)官(guan)園;七是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)皇室名義形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)燈(deng)籠(long)庫、菜庫、買賣(mai)街、蘇(su)州(zhou)街、官(guan)用冰(bing)窖(jiao);八是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)婦(fu)女賢(xian)孝貞節(jie)形(xing)成(cheng)的,有(you)賢(xian)孝牌;九是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)動(dong)物形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)鶯房、南(nan)羊圈、北(bei)羊圈、獸醫(yi)樁(zhuang);十(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)樹形(xing)成(cheng)的,如(ru)槐(huai)樹街、榆樹林、桃林。總之,海淀鎮歷(li)經七百(bai)四(si)十(shi)年發展(zhan)的歷(li)史滄桑(sang),文化內涵的沉(chen)積是(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)分豐富的。