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基本介紹

海(hai)淀(dian)鎮(zhen)是中(zhong)共海(hai)淀(dian)區(qu)委(wei)、區(qu)人大、區(qu)政(zheng)協(xie)、區(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)的駐(zhu)地(di)，有法院、檢察(cha)院、區(qu)武裝部、區(qu)公安分局(ju)、教育(yu)局(ju)等(deng)四(si)十余個區(qu)屬機關(guan)。這(zhe)里(li)有中(zhong)學、小學、圖書城、圖書館(guan)、少年文化宮、醫院、銀行、商場、酒樓、寫(xie)字樓、電(dian)子市場等(deng)服務配套設施(shi)，海(hai)淀(dian)鎮(zhen)成為海(hai)淀(dian)區(qu)政(zheng)治、文化中(zhong)心。

歷史沿革

元(yuan)(yuan)初，翰林(lin)學士王仲(zhong)謀(mou)曾受命從燕京去(qu)上都治(zhi)所(suo)開平(ping)(ping)府，將沿途道(dao)里(li)(li)風(feng)土記(ji)(ji)入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)事(shi)記(ji)(ji)》一(yi)書(shu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提到(dao)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)。他寫(xie)(xie)道(dao)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統二(er)年(nian)(nian)二(er)月五日丙寅未(wei)刻，發自燕京，是夕，宿通玄北(bei)(bei)郭。六日丁(ding)卯(mao)午(wu)，憩海(hai)店(dian)(dian)，距京城二(er)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。是晚，宿南(nan)口(kou)新(xin)(xin)店(dian)(dian)，距海(hai)店(dian)(dian)七十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。”燕京，即金朝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)區在(zai)今宣武(wu)區廣安門一(yi)帶。王仲(zhong)謀(mou)所(suo)記(ji)(ji)的(de)行程、時間、里(li)(li)數(shu)和實際(ji)正合(he)。明萬(wan)歷二(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)（1593）刻本出(chu)版(ban)的(de)《宛署(shu)雜(za)記(ji)(ji)》，記(ji)(ji)述(shu)：“海(hai)店(dian)(dian)……俱縱橫北(bei)(bei)海(hai)店(dian)(dian)之(zhi)四(si)方，與昌平(ping)(ping)州地方犬牙。”稍(shao)后，《長安客話》云：“水所(suo)聚曰淀(dian)(dian)。高(gao)梁橋西北(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)，平(ping)(ping)地有泉，彪灑四(si)出(chu)，淙汩(gu)草(cao)木(mu)之(zhi)間，潴為(wei)(wei)(wei)小溪，凡數(shu)十(shi)(shi)處，北(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)，南(nan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)，遠樹參差點(dian)，高(gao)下攢簇，間以(yi)水田(tian)，町塍相接(jie)，蓋(gai)神皋(gao)之(zhi)佳麗，效居之(zhi)勝(sheng)選也。”書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還提到(dao)“北(bei)(bei)淀(dian)(dian)有園一(yi)區，水曹郎米(mi)仲(zhong)詔萬(wan)鐘新(xin)(xin)筑也，取海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)一(yi)勺之(zhi)意”。詩(shi)人呂九玄做(zuo)詩(shi)“元(yuan)(yuan)宵疑向(xiang)山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賞，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)翻(fan)從席上涵”贊(zan)美勺園。李偉是明神宗朱(zhu)翊鈞的(de)外祖父，在(zai)北(bei)(bei)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)建(jian)造(zao)清(qing)(qing)華園。沈德符在(zai)《萬(wan)歷野獲(huo)編》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫(xie)(xie)道(dao)：“海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)……有戚畹李武(wu)清(qing)(qing)新(xin)(xin)構(gou)亭館(guan)，大樓百畝，穿池疊山所(suo)費已(yi)巨萬(wan)，尚屬(shu)經始耳。”清(qing)(qing)季已(yi)降，自康(kang)熙以(yi)后，王公大臣在(zai)鎮(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)附近建(jian)園構(gou)宅。正像《天咫偶(ou)聞》書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)描述(shu)的(de)“朱(zhu)門碧瓦，累(lei)棟連薨，與城中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無異”。成為(wei)(wei)(wei)京西第一(yi)大鎮(zhen)。光緒(xu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)（1900），八國(guo)聯軍侵占海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)“也是搶掠燒(shao)殺強奸(jian)等(deng)等(deng)，無所(suo)不為(wei)(wei)(wei)”。日偽(wei)統治(zhi)時期又使(shi)得(de)(de)海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)變得(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)分蕭條。1949年(nian)(nian)后，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)才得(de)(de)以(yi)復蘇，改革開放，海(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)又有翻(fan)天覆(fu)地的(de)變化。

從海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)胡(hu)(hu)同名(ming)稱(cheng)看，大(da)(da)致可分為以(yi)(yi)下幾種(zhong)歷史淵源形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)：一系由海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)歷史上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沼澤地帶(dai)遺存(cun)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)西(xi)上(shang)(shang)坡、大(da)(da)泡子、南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)、北海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)、下洼(wa)子、龍鳳橋(qiao)(qiao)西(xi)岔、泄水湖、大(da)(da)坑(keng)沿、大(da)(da)河莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、銀(yin)絲溝、三(san)角地、港(gang)溝；二是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)街(jie)巷形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)雙橋(qiao)(qiao)東、后馬路、西(xi)柵欄(lan)、西(xi)大(da)(da)街(jie)、老(lao)虎(hu)洞(dong)、果子市(shi)、驢市(shi)口、絨線、南(nan)柵欄(lan)、南(nan)大(da)(da)街(jie)、南(nan)小街(jie)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)廟宇(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟、觀音閣、蘇公(gong)家廟；四是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)象征吉祥如(ru)意形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)金龍館、辛(xin)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、前辛(xin)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、永辛(xin)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、善(shan)緣橋(qiao)(qiao)、彩和坊、太(tai)平院、太(tai)平莊(zhuang)(zhuang)；五是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)清代軍機(ji)章京內外(wai)值盧形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)軍機(ji)處；六是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)水井(jing)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)胡(hu)(hu)同，有(you)雙井(jing)、楊家井(jing)、大(da)(da)井(jing)、前官(guan)園(yuan)、后官(guan)園(yuan)；七是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)皇室名(ming)義形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)燈籠庫、菜庫、買賣(mai)街(jie)、蘇州街(jie)、官(guan)用冰(bing)窖；八是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)婦女(nv)賢(xian)孝貞節形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)賢(xian)孝牌；九是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)動物(wu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)鶯房(fang)、南(nan)羊圈、北羊圈、獸醫樁；十(shi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)樹形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)槐樹街(jie)、榆樹林、桃林。總之(zhi)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮歷經七百(bai)四十(shi)年發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史滄桑，文化(hua)內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)沉積是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)。