上庸鎮是一(yi)個天(tian)然的內陸河碼頭,苦(ku)桃河、深(shen)河、官(guan)渡河和泗河等(deng)(deng)(deng)眾(zhong)多河流匯(hui)聚于(yu)此,使上庸鎮上通陜西、四(si)川,下達武漢、襄(xiang)樊。明(ming)清時期(qi),這里(li)集市密布(bu),商賈云集,鄂西北地(di)區的木材、生漆、鹽巴(ba)等(deng)(deng)(deng)土特產經堵河黃金水道(dao)遠銷江漢湖廣,而外(wai)界的瓷器、布(bu)匹以(yi)及(ji)文化等(deng)(deng)(deng)又通過水運(yun)被(bei)源(yuan)源(yuan)不斷地(di)輸入進來(lai)。
在秦巴山間,有(you)一條貫穿全境的大河叫(jiao)堵河,堵河的中上(shang)游有(you)一座著名的老城叫(jiao)上(shang)庸(yong)。經(jing)歷了3600年的歷史(shi)滄桑,上(shang)庸(yong)至(zhi)盡仍然像(xiang)堵河水一樣(yang)清(qing)澈見底、古樸悠長。堵河水從上(shang)庸(yong)鎮(zhen)正中穿過,把上(shang)庸(yong)鎮(zhen)分為(wei)南(nan)壩(ba)和北壩(ba)兩個部分。
上(shang)庸(yong)鎮屬亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候區,特點冬冷(leng)夏炎,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming),日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)充足,熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)豐(feng)富,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)充足。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2082小時(shi)(shi),日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率48%,太陽(yang)輻射(she)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)每平(ping)方厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)111.17千卡。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)17.6°C,極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)高氣溫40.3°C,極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)低氣溫零下12.2°C,一日(ri)(ri)(ri)內(nei)高低氣溫差都在(zai)10°C左右。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度77%,月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度以3—6月(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da),達(da)到(dao)79%—80%,其余(yu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)份相(xiang)對濕度均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)73%—75%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)261天(tian),初霜日(ri)(ri)(ri)始于11月(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri),終霜日(ri)(ri)(ri)止(zhi)于3月(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri)(ri)(ri)—17日(ri)(ri)(ri)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1128.2—1369.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),冬季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)123毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),日(ri)(ri)(ri)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于50毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),秋季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)219.6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),冬季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)123毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),日(ri)(ri)(ri)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于50毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主要集中在(zai)6—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)一般3—6天(tian),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)于239.3——719.3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間。高值(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)1805.4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),低值(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)780毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),累年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)1000毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)的(de)保證率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)80%。上(shang)庸(yong)鎮屬亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)區,2月(yue)(yue)(yue)多(duo)偏北(bei)風(feng)(feng),3—8月(yue)(yue)(yue)多(duo)東(dong)南風(feng)(feng),9月(yue)(yue)(yue)到(dao)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)多(duo)北(bei)風(feng)(feng),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)風(feng)(feng)速為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao),一般風(feng)(feng)力為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2—4級(ji),有(you)時(shi)(shi)也有(you)5—7級(ji)大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng),8級(ji)大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)極(ji)(ji)少。
關于北壩的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,黃(huang)洲廟就是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個最(zui)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)見證。黃(huang)洲廟曾經是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)庸最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個廟宇(yu),廟前(qian)戲樓上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)塊金匾。據說是(shi)(shi)(shi)清乾(qian)隆皇帝所賜。庭院(yuan)中(zhong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)棵(ke)古桂(gui)花樹枝干虬勁,枝葉繁茂,樹冠(guan)直(zhi)徑(jing)可(ke)達十(shi)(shi)幾米。據當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)老人們介(jie)紹,這(zhe)棵(ke)樹雖已有八百(bai)多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,卻還(huan)生機昂然,年年發新芽,歲歲都開(kai)花。每到八月桂(gui)花盛開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)季節,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)香(xiang)飄十(shi)(shi)里,整個上(shang)(shang)庸都能聞到它那醉人的(de)(de)(de)(de)花香(xiang)。
往(wang)年熱(re)鬧非凡的黃洲廟(miao),如今已(yi)被(bei)改成(cheng)了(le)糧庫,昔日的盛景大(da)概(gai)也(ye)只能從眼前這些殘垣斷壁中追憶了(le):雕(diao)龍的石(shi)柱,御(yu)賜(si)的金(jin)匾,大(da)理石(shi)的石(shi)碑和精致的石(shi)雕(diao)…
明朝成德年間(jian),田家壩(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(現上(shang)(shang)庸(yong)鎮(zhen)(zhen))因住(zhu)戶多(duo)姓(xing)田而(er)得名(ming)。然(ran)而(er)上(shang)(shang)庸(yong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)歷史上(shang)(shang)占盡(jin)風光的(de)人卻不姓(xing)田,而(er)姓(xing)王(wang)。在上(shang)(shang)庸(yong)的(de)北邊,曾(ceng)經有(you)一塊占地2420平方米的(de)清(qing)代(dai)大(da)莊(zhuang)園,人稱“三(san)盛(sheng)院(yuan)”,它的(de)主(zhu)人就是(shi)秦巴山(shan)區(qu)的(de)首(shou)富——王(wang)氏三(san)兄弟(di)。三(san)盛(sheng)院(yuan)建于(yu)清(qing)嘉(jia)慶(qing)末年,整個(ge)大(da)院(yuan)呈“王(wang)”字形(xing),院(yuan)內有(you)天井48個(ge),房間(jian)一千(qian)余間(jian),屋前有(you)戲臺,屋后有(you)花園,門前的(de)石雕青獅(shi)威武凌猛,窗扇上(shang)(shang)的(de)木刻圖案栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。100多(duo)年前,一場無名(ming)的(de)大(da)火燒盡(jin)了三(san)盛(sheng)院(yuan)的(de)浮華盛(sheng)名(ming),殘(can)垣破(po)殿和(he)幽然(ran)古樹正好像訴說著世事的(de)變遷。