西樵鎮(zhen)位(wei)于珠江三(san)角洲腹(fu)地的佛山市(shi)南海區(qu)(qu)西南部，是國(guo)家(jia)“AAAAA”級風景名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)、國(guo)家(jia)森林(lin)公園、中國(guo)面料名鎮(zhen)、廣(guang)東省中心鎮(zhen)，面積 176.63平方公里，轄4個(ge)城區(qu)(qu)、27個(ge)行政(zheng)村，常住人口(kou)292776人（2017年），流動(dong)人口(kou)6萬多(duo)人。
經過多年努力，西樵(qiao)鎮(zhen)正式跨(kua)入“全國(guo)文(wen)明鎮(zhen)”行列。2012年3月20日(ri)，該鎮(zhen)舉行揭牌儀式，市委常委、宣傳(chuan)部(bu)部(bu)長(chang)馮(feng)德(de)良向西樵(qiao)鎮(zhen)頒發(fa)證書(shu)，并與(yu)南海區(qu)、西樵(qiao)鎮(zhen)領導(dao)共(gong)同為西樵(qiao)“全國(guo)文(wen)明鎮(zhen)”揭牌。
全(quan)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)明城市、文(wen)(wen)明村(cun)鎮(zhen)、文(wen)(wen)明單位每三(san)年表(biao)彰一(yi)次(ci)。西樵(qiao)鎮(zhen)于正式獲評第(di)三(san)批(pi)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)明鎮(zhen)”稱號(hao)(hao)，成為繼北(bei)滘鎮(zhen)后第(di)二個、南(nan)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)首(shou)個“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)明鎮(zhen)”，南(nan)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)“文(wen)(wen)化引領(ling)”戰略再添“國(guo)(guo)字號(hao)(hao)”平臺。
西(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)風景(jing)區(qu)面積14.2平方公里(li)，鐘靈(ling)毓秀，素有(you)“南(nan)粵名山(shan)(shan)數二樵”之(zhi)美譽。西(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)還(huan)是華(hua)南(nan)地(di)區(qu)石器時(shi)代規模(mo)最(zui)大的制(zhi)造工場，“西(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)文化”為(wei)中華(hua)文明(ming)的發展(zhan)作出了巨大貢(gong)獻，被考古學者譽為(wei)“珠(zhu)江(jiang)文明(ming)的燈塔”。曾(ceng)孕育了康有(you)為(wei)、陳啟沅、詹天佑、黃(huang)(huang)飛鴻、黃(huang)(huang)君璧、冼玉(yu)清(qing)等一(yi)批(pi)時(shi)賢俊杰。西(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)自(zi)然(ran)風光(guang)綺(qi)妮秀麗(li)，人文景(jing)觀豐(feng)富多(duo)姿，交通四(si)通八達，是旅游(you)度假、探(tan)險獵奇(qi)、考古尋秘的好去處。西(xi)樵鎮(zhen)轄下的西(xi)岸風景(jing)區(qu)位于(yu)西(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)的西(xi)南(nan)面，是一(yi)個自(zi)然(ran)生態保護得非常(chang)完(wan)好的風景(jing)區(qu)。這里(li)群山(shan)(shan)環(huan)抱、綠樹成(cheng)林，流泉飛瀑終年(nian)不(bu)絕，是度假休(xiu)閑和觀光(guang)旅游(you)的理(li)想之(zhi)選。鎮(zhen)內有(you)大小賓館、酒店25家，擁(yong)有(you)四(si)星(xing)級的云(yun)影瓊(qiong)樓和多(duo)家星(xing)級酒店。2005年(nian)，共接(jie)待游(you)客278萬人次，實現旅游(you)收入(ru)4.87億(yi)元。
西樵的(de)景色，絢麗多彩；西樵的(de)發展，欣欣向榮。新(xin)的(de)世紀，新(xin)的(de)挑戰，新(xin)的(de)思路，西樵將(jiang)繼續(xu)發揮(hui)區位、人(ren)文、環境優勢，依托科技創新(xin)和(he)體制創新(xin)，大(da)力推廣應(ying)用(yong)信息化(hua)，推進工(gong)業化(hua)、現代化(hua)發展，譜寫新(xin)的(de)篇章。
西(xi)樵(qiao)山位于廣(guang)東省南(nan)海市的(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)部，是廣(guang)東四大名山之一，自(zi)(zi)然風光清幽秀(xiu)麗，旅(lv)(lv)游(you)文(wen)化底(di)蘊厚重，民俗風情(qing)古樸自(zi)(zi)然。自(zi)(zi)明清以來，文(wen)人雅士，趨之若鶩，旅(lv)(lv)人游(you)子，紛至(zhi)沓來，使秀(xiu)美的(de)(de)西(xi)樵(qiao)山成為名噪(zao)南(nan)粵的(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)熱點。
西樵山自(zi)然風(feng)光美輪(lun)美奐(huan)，山上72峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)皆(jie)奇(qi)，42洞洞洞皆(jie)幽，更有(you)湖、瀑(pu)、泉、澗(jian)、巖、壁(bi)、潭、臺點綴其間，成為(wei)這座(zuo)熄滅了億萬年的(de)死(si)火山的(de)曠世(shi)佳(jia)作(zuo)。西樵山林(lin)深苔厚，郁郁蔥蔥，洞壁(bi)巖縫，儲水(shui)豐富，古人(ren)贊之為(wei)“誰(shui)信匡廬千(qian)嶂瀑(pu)，移來(lai)一半在西樵”。今人(ren)稱之是：“綠色水(shui)庫(ku)”，“固體水(shui)庫(ku)”。正(zheng)是因為(wei)西樵山有(you)如(ru)此高(gao)品(pin)味的(de)自(zi)然旅游資源，國(guo)務院、國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)業部才(cai)相繼授予它“國(guo)家(jia)級風(feng)景名勝(sheng)區(qu)”和“國(guo)家(jia)森林(lin)公園”兩頂桂冠，還通過國(guo)家(jia)AAAAA級旅游區(qu)的(de)評(ping)定。
西(xi)樵(qiao)民(min)風淳樸，古俗(su)猶存(cun)。山(shan)(shan)間有7個古村落(luo)，個個具有原汁原味的的嶺(ling)南農家(jia)特(te)色。走進農家(jia)采(cai)茶種菜(cai)，別有風味；參加(jia)西(xi)樵(qiao)婚嫁禮(li)儀，奇趣無窮。一種以“吃農家(jia)飯，住(zhu)農家(jia)屋，走農家(jia)路，干(gan)農家(jia)活”為特(te)點(dian)的“做(zuo)一天西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)民(min)”山(shan)(shan)村農家(jia)樂(le)活動因其山(shan)(shan)野之趣，傾倒了眾多都市旅(lv)游者。此外，西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)歡(huan)樂(le)節(jie)等節(jie)慶活動，以及“半山(shan)(shan)扒龍舟”，“阿婆扒龍舟”，“新年(nian)獅藝(yi)”等民(min)俗(su)活動，頗具地方特(te)色。
西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山素(su)有“珠江文(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)燈塔”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美譽(yu)，早(zao)在6000多年前，勤勞智慧的(de)(de)(de)(de)西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山人(ren)，就(jiu)在這(zhe)塊土地上(shang)創造了(le)燦爛的(de)(de)(de)(de)“雙(shuang)肩石(shi)器”文(wen)化(hua)(hua)；明清(qing)時期，以湛若水、何(he)白云、康(kang)有為(wei)為(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)大(da)批文(wen)人(ren)學子(zi)隱居西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，探求理(li)(li)學，錘煉心(xin)性，使(shi)西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山獲得了(le)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)粵理(li)(li)學名山”的(de)(de)(de)(de)雅號，西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)“理(li)(li)學文(wen)化(hua)(hua)”自(zi)此聲譽(yu)雀起；西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)宗教文(wen)化(hua)(hua)特色(se)鮮明，她不(bu)僅以佛、儒、道三教融合為(wei)其(qi)特點，更以具有中國特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)海觀音(yin)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)令人(ren)矚(zhu)目，聳立于西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山第(di)八高(gao)峰上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界第(di)一(yi)(yi)觀音(yin)座像已(yi)成為(wei)人(ren)們研(yan)究觀音(yin)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必到之所；作為(wei)國家(jia)森林公園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山，其(qi)綠(lv)色(se)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)尤為(wei)突(tu)出，西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山以其(qi)美好的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境和(he)優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地理(li)(li)位置，被稱為(wei)整個“珠江三角洲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)“前花園(yuan)”成為(wei)在改革開放和(he)經濟發展中逐(zhu)步走(zou)向“都市化(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)粵民眾遠離塵囂，回歸自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)塊福地。在這(zhe)里，游人(ren)可盡情吞吐西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)翠色(se)，肆(si)意吸納山川靈氣，休(xiu)閑度假修身養性，健(jian)康(kang)長(chang)生已(yi)成為(wei)西樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)“綠(lv)色(se)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)道亮麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)風景線。
西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)上村人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)婚嫁習俗和生產勞(lao)動(dong)習俗，引起了游人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)大興趣(qu)，特別(bie)是“半山(shan)(shan)扒龍舟(zhou)”，“阿婆扒龍舟(zhou)”，“新(xin)年獅藝”等民間游藝活動(dong)，更是盛況空前，游人若(ruo)不(bu)以一睹為快(kuai)。西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)美(mei)譽(yu)眾多，自古以來民間就流傳有(you)“南(nan)粵名山(shan)(shan)數二樵(qiao)(qiao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)話，將西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)與東樵(qiao)(qiao)（羅浮山(shan)(shan)）列為南(nan)粵名山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表，更有(you)文人學(xue)士寫(xie)詩(shi)(shi)矚(zhu)文，給西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)以更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評價(jia)。趙(zhao)樸初有(you)“古風爆竹喧人日，世內桃源(yuan)現(xian)代家(jia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)句，秦牧有(you)“西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)秀色美(mei)于(yu)詩(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贊譽(yu)，黃施民有(you)“西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)若(ruo)問(wen)比(bi)東樵(qiao)(qiao)，秀倚南(nan)天(tian)(tian)此最嬌”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吟詠，更有(you)學(xue)者專家(jia)盛贊其為“不(bu)上西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)，不(bu)算到嶺(ling)南(nan)”。今(jin)天(tian)(tian)，處(chu)于(yu)新(xin)世紀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)--這顆(ke)綠色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶石，正(zheng)在顯(xian)現(xian)出愈加奪目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光彩。
廣東的新石器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)存，自(zi)本世紀的三、四十(shi)年代(dai)始，在香港、海(hai)豐(feng)(feng)、粵東一些地方有過若干發現①，并提出過“海(hai)豐(feng)(feng)沙坑文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(SON)”、“海(hai)豐(feng)(feng)三角尾文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(SAK)”、“海(hai)豐(feng)(feng)菝(ba)仔園文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(PAT)”三個文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名稱②，以及香港“舶寮島文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)”等③。
解放以(yi)來，廣東(dong)發現(xian)的(de)新(xin)石器時代遺(yi)址或遺(yi)物地(di)點，約(yue)有四(si)、五百(bai)處(chu)(chu)，經試掘和(he)(he)發掘的(de)約(yue)四(si)、五十處(chu)(chu)。清理墓(mu)葬二百(bai)多座，獲得各(ge)(ge)種文(wen)化遺(yi)物數以(yi)萬計，為探索廣東(dong)原(yuan)始社會的(de)歷史，提供了珍貴的(de)實物資料。在各(ge)(ge)地(di)發現(xian)的(de)文(wen)化遺(yi)存中，已(yi)經提出了兩(liang)個文(wen)化名稱，即(ji)西樵山文(wen)化和(he)(he)石峽文(wen)化。
石(shi)(shi)峽文(wen)化(hua)是(shi)1977年提出的④。它(ta)以(yi)曲江縣石(shi)(shi)峽遺(yi)址下(xia)層(ceng)和(he)墓葬代(dai)表，分布于粵北地區，是(shi)一種以(yi)稻作農業經(jing)濟為(wei)主的新石(shi)(shi)器時代(dai)晚期(qi)文(wen)化(hua)。文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)物石(shi)(shi)器以(yi)钁、鏟、錛、鏃(zu)、鉞，陶器以(yi)鼎、釜(fu)、甑和(he)盤(pan)、豆(dou)、罐(guan)、壺組合，以(yi)及(ji)石(shi)(shi)琮、璧、環、璜、玦、笄等飾(shi)物共存為(wei)特(te)(te)征⑤。它(ta)與(yu)江西地區的“山(shan)(shan)(shan)背文(wen)化(hua)”(尤其與(yu)樊(fan)城(cheng)堆下(xia)層(ceng))⑥，江浙(zhe)地區的良渚文(wen)化(hua)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)東大汶口文(wen)化(hua)，以(yi)及(ji)湖南湘鄉岱(dai)子坪和(he)長沙月亮(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)遺(yi)址等有著密切關系(xi)⑦。雖然同類文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)還發現不(bu)多，但它(ta)的特(te)(te)征和(he)年代(dai)是(shi)比(bi)較明確(que)的。
西樵山(shan)遺址(zhi)發現于(yu)(yu)1958年，西樵山(shan)文化(hua)是1960年提出(chu)的。然而，西樵山(shan)遺址(zhi)與西樵山(shan)文化(hua)的內涵、特(te)征、性質、年代及其分布如何(he)?尚缺乏充分討(tao)(tao)論(lun)和專題(ti)探討(tao)(tao)。我認為(wei)這一(yi)問題(ti)的深(shen)入探討(tao)(tao)和解決(jue)，不僅對研究(jiu)廣東尤其是珠(zhu)江三角洲地區(qu)的歷史，而且對探索與華南、東南沿海(hai)地區(qu)有關(guan)原始文化(hua)的關(guan)系，都有重要(yao)意義。故不揣淺陋，把個(ge)人的一(yi)些初步(bu)看(kan)法提出(chu)來，求教(jiao)于(yu)(yu)同志們。
發現及研究
為(wei)了進一步探(tan)討(tao)西樵(qiao)山文(wen)化(hua)，有必要將西樵(qiao)山遺址的發現及其主要看法，作一扼要的介(jie)紹。
西(xi)(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)遺址位于廣東南海縣官山(shan)(shan)鎮西(xi)(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)，它原是一座古火(huo)山(shan)(shan)丘，周(zhou)(zhou)邊長約(yue)13公里，直徑約(yue)4公里。山(shan)(shan)峰高(gao)度一般為100-200米，最高(gao)峰大科峰為300余米。山(shan)(shan)體主要由粗面巖(yan)、火(huo)山(shan)(shan)碎(sui)屑巖(yan)和石英巖(yan)構成。在東北部(bu)的(de)火(huo)石逕(jing)等有燧石、瑪(ma)瑙出露；在西(xi)(xi)部(bu)的(de)馬(ma)鞍山(shan)(shan)及(ji)山(shan)(shan)頂的(de)錦(jin)巖(yan)等洞穴有霏細(xi)巖(yan)巖(yan)脈。西(xi)(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)麓周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)分布著新老兩套洪積沖積扇，山(shan)(shan)下連接開(kai)闊(kuo)的(de)珠江三角洲沖積平原。從新石器以至更(geng)早(zao)的(de)時候起(qi)，便有人類在山(shan)(shan)上及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)一帶采石制器，勞動生(sheng)息(xi)。
西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)遺址(zhi)發現(xian)后，經(jing)省(sheng)內(nei)外許(xu)多單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科學工作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查(cha)、試(shi)掘和研究，先后發表了一些調(diao)查(cha)報告(gao)和文(wen)章。主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)：中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)學調(diao)查(cha)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)《廣東南海(hai)縣(xian)西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)步(bu)調(diao)查(cha)》（以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)《初(chu)步(bu)調(diao)查(cha)》）⑧，廣東省(sheng)博物館的(de)(de)(de)(de)《廣東省(sheng)南海(hai)縣(xian)西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)器》（簡稱(cheng)《西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)器》）⑨，賈(jia)蘭坡的(de)(de)(de)(de)《廣東地區古人類學及考古學研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)來希(xi)望》（簡稱(cheng)《未(wei)來希(xi)望》）⑩，黃慰文(wen)等《廣東南海(hai)縣(xian)西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)遺址(zhi)復查(cha)》（簡稱(cheng)《復查(cha)》）⑾，曾(ceng)騏《西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)東麓的(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)器》⑿，等等。截至1980年(nian)年(nian)止，西(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)器地點已(yi)有(you)二(er)十多處，獲得(de)燧石(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)器材料大(da)(da)約二(er)、三(san)千件；霏(fei)細(xi)(xi)巖大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)片石(shi)(shi)器大(da)(da)約三(san)、四千件，以及一部分粗砂(sha)陶和泥質印紋陶片。這些發現(xian)和論述，歸納起來主要有(you)兩大(da)(da)問題。
遺址性質
多數(shu)研究(jiu)者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)，西樵(qiao)山是(shi)一處(chu)石器(qi)制作場，如《未來希望》、《山西懷仁鵝毛口石器(qi)制造(zao)場遺址》⒀、《復查》和《關(guan)于華南早期新石器(qi)的幾個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)》⒁等(deng)。《初步調查》和《西樵(qiao)山石器(qi)》兩(liang)個(ge)報告，則認(ren)為(wei)還(huan)存在著與采集、漁獵(早期的)和鋤(chu)耕農業(晚期的)有關(guan)的遺存。
我(wo)贊成(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)主要是一(yi)(yi)處(chu)大(da)型的(de)(de)、使用年(nian)代(dai)很(hen)長、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)供給范(fan)圍(wei)很(hen)廣的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)場(chang)的(de)(de)看法。只有(you)(you)充分注意并進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步解(jie)(jie)決石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)場(chang)這個問題(ti)，才能(neng)對西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)許多(duo)地點(dian)發(fa)現大(da)量打制(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)、半成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)、廢品(pin))和(he)(he)(he)(he)巨量的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片作(zuo)出恰當(dang)的(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)釋，特別是對霏細(xi)巖(yan)的(de)(de)各種打制(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器和(he)(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片的(de)(de)分類(lei)、定名和(he)(he)(he)(he)年(nian)代(dai)，進(jin)(jin)行正(zheng)確的(de)(de)分析，珠江(jiang)三角(jiao)洲許多(duo)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器以至青銅時代(dai)遺址石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器或石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料的(de)(de)來源問題(ti)，才能(neng)得到正(zheng)確的(de)(de)答案(an)。這一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，《復(fu)查》和(he)(he)(he)(he)《西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓的(de)(de)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器》的(de)(de)作(zuo)者作(zuo)出了(le)比較深入的(de)(de)分析。但我(wo)也(ye)認(ren)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)還應(ying)有(you)(you)生產(chan)活(huo)動的(de)(de)遺存，而不僅僅是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器制(zhi)(zhi)造場(chang)。早(zao)期(qi)的(de)(de)如太監崗(gang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)南蛇崗(gang)，既有(you)(you)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)堆積(ji)，又(you)發(fa)現有(you)(you)使用痕跡(ji)的(de)(de)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器，晚期(qi)的(de)(de)就更為(wei)明顯。除鎮頭西(xi)(xi)(xi)坡(po)(第(di)(di)15地點(dian))保存有(you)(you)長20余米(mi)(mi)，厚1米(mi)(mi)左右(you)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)層(淡水沙蜆(xian)等(deng)貝殼(ke)堆積(ji)，可(ke)分兩(liang)層，內含(han)大(da)量石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、部分石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器和(he)(he)(he)(he)陶片)⒂外，第(di)(di)7地點(dian)(佛子廟)和(he)(he)(he)(he)第(di)(di)11地點(dian)等(deng)，都有(you)(you)文(wen)化(hua)堆積(ji)，并非(fei)都是坡(po)積(ji)層。又(you)如西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)中學校址(暫編第(di)(di)23地點(dian))先(xian)后(hou)出土過十多(duo)件磨制(zhi)(zhi)精細(xi)的(de)(de)霏細(xi)巖(yan)、砂巖(yan)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)肩石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斧、錛(ben)、有(you)(you)段(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錛(ben)，這里是一(yi)(yi)片坡(po)地或臺地，這些生產(chan)工具應(ying)與鋤耕農業(ye)有(you)(you)關。此外，西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)遺址先(xian)后(hou)發(fa)現過大(da)約近百件的(de)(de)磨光石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器。有(you)(you)些石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料如砂巖(yan)、板(ban)巖(yan)等(deng)似非(fei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)所出產(chan)。這些石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器，也(ye)應(ying)與農業(ye)生產(chan)密切相(xiang)關。
遺址年代
主要有(you)(you)幾種看(kan)法(fa)：(1)開(kai)始(shi)于一萬年(nian)前(qian)的(de)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)末期(qi)⒃；(2)對第(di)二(er)(er)地點(火(huo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)逕)或其它(ta)細石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)地點，有(you)(you)的(de)文章把它(ta)和(he)“沙苑文化”作對比(bi)，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可能(neng)屬(shu)于中石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時代(dai)(dai)⒄，有(you)(you)的(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)屬(shu)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)早期(qi)或更早⒅，有(you)(you)的(de)推測(ce)第(di)二(er)(er)地點可以(yi)是(shi)一種陶器(qi)以(yi)前(qian)的(de)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化⒆；(3)對西樵山遺址總的(de)看(kan)法(fa)，有(you)(you)的(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)包涵了舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)晚期(qi)和(he)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)不(bu)同時期(qi)的(de)遺存⒇，有(you)(you)的(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其年(nian)代(dai)(dai)可能(neng)較早于以(yi)印紋(wen)陶為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)(dai)表的(de)遺存（21），有(you)(you)的(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)與(yu)磨(mo)光石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)應是(shi)“同時異相”，早于增城金蘭寺(si)和(he)海豐遺址，年(nian)代(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)距今五(wu)、六千年(nian)前(qian)（22），等等。
我贊(zan)成西樵山(shan)包涵著新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器早、中、晚不同(tong)(tong)時期的(de)遺存(cun)(cun)(cun)。早期的(de)指細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器遺存(cun)(cun)(cun)，主要(yao)有(you)火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逕、旋(xuan)風(feng)崗(gang)(gang)、太監(jian)(jian)(jian)崗(gang)(gang)和南蛇崗(gang)(gang)四(si)處。根(gen)據省博物館對火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逕、中山(shan)大(da)學考(kao)古教研室對太監(jian)(jian)(jian)崗(gang)(gang)的(de)試掘（23），以及筆(bi)者(zhe)陪同(tong)(tong)有(you)關專家的(de)多次觀察（24），這兩處山(shan)崗(gang)(gang)存(cun)(cun)(cun)在著不與磨光(guang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器、陶片共存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器堆積(ji)層(ceng)。不過(guo)，太監(jian)(jian)(jian)崗(gang)(gang)因基建取土，火石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逕因有(you)現代壕溝(gou)、墓葬、采(cai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坑，試掘面積(ji)都很(hen)小，兩處的(de)文(wen)化(hua)層(ceng)看來并不典型、清晰。要(yao)徹(che)底解決這幾處細(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器地(di)點的(de)文(wen)化(hua)層(ceng)及年代問題，還(huan)需要(yao)較(jiao)大(da)面積(ji)的(de)發(fa)掘。
西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料以(yi)燧石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)主，細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包括(kuo)小石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)四(si)大(da)類(lei)。根據(ju)(ju)比較(jiao)分析，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與我國北(bei)(bei)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)較(jiao)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遺(yi)址有(you)(you)許(xu)(xu)多相似(si)之(zhi)處(chu)，最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是同(tong)樣(yang)具有(you)(you)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉及(ji)(ji)其(qi)所(suo)由剝離(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)等代(dai)(dai)表(biao)性器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)。據(ju)(ju)曾騏同(tong)志對(dui)旋風崗等地點七(qi)二(er)(er)(er)四(si)件(jian)(jian)(jian)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分類(lei)統計，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)二(er)(er)(er)七(qi)八(ba)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)三(san)二(er)(er)(er)三(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)又可(ke)分多種(zhong)形(xing)式，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)華北(bei)(bei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遺(yi)址常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船底形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)和(he)扇形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)。在(zai)(zai)三(san)二(er)(er)(er)三(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，楔(xie)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占一(yi)(yi)(yi)○五(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)Ⅲ式寬(kuan)身(shen)楔(xie)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)即(ji)船底形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)有(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)四(si)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面，曾騏同(tong)志認為(wei)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)角形(xing)楔(xie)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)和(he)帶把石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)為(wei)其(qi)他省區所(suo)少見。在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尖(jian)錐狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，未(wei)見華北(bei)(bei)常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“鉛筆(bi)尖(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核(he)(he)”。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)邊緣多數未(wei)經(jing)(jing)第二(er)(er)(er)步加工。細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)長(chang)、厚長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比數均(jun)偏大(da)。而(er)(er)且缺乏典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)刮削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(僅八(ba)件(jian)(jian)(jian))、雕(diao)刻器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(二(er)(er)(er)件(jian)(jian)(jian))和(he)小石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鏃(zu)(三(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian))。不(bu)(bu)見北(bei)(bei)方(fang)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鉆。這(zhe)(zhe)些，又表(biao)明西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(25)。在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山這(zhe)(zhe)批細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)材料發表(biao)之(zhi)前(qian)，安志敏先生(sheng)曾經(jing)(jing)指出：“以(yi)海拉(la)爾石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)，具有(you)(you)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，而(er)(er)沒有(you)(you)陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)共生(sheng)。同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象也見于(yu)(yu)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)荔沙(sha)苑，河(he)南(nan)許(xu)(xu)昌靈井，山西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)沁水下川(chuan)和(he)河(he)北(bei)(bei)陽(yang)原虎(hu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)梁等遺(yi)址，特(te)別(bie)是下川(chuan)、虎(hu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)梁經(jing)(jing)過發掘，有(you)(you)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地層證據(ju)(ju)，屬于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能性較(jiao)大(da)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)可(ke)能距今八(ba)九(jiu)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)。”(26)曾騏同(tong)志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文章(zhang)也談到，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，“總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來說(shuo)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點接近于(yu)(yu)沙(sha)苑、松山(即(ji)海拉(la)爾——引(yin)者(zhe))細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，而(er)(er)后兩者(zhe)都被(bei)暫定為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代(dai)(dai)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)可(ke)能與上述遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)相去不(bu)(bu)遠”。同(tong)時，根據(ju)(ju)賈蘭坡先生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現場觀察、對(dui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山大(da)部分細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)標本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒別(bie)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)有(you)(you)關文章(zhang)，肯定西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)屬于(yu)(yu)我國華北(bei)(bei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍（27）。此外，細(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)復合工具，多嵌于(yu)(yu)骨、木工具上使用。它往往與早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漁獵經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)相聯系(xi)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)山及(ji)(ji)其(qi)周圍數千(qian)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)還是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個河(he)涌縱橫、島丘散布(bu)、林木茂盛、沼澤遍野的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地理環(huan)境，也正符合這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)類(lei)型(xing)。
如(ru)(ru)果再(zai)結合其(qi)它(ta)一些(xie)現(xian)象(xiang)考(kao)慮，如(ru)(ru)第(di)(di)3、4、5地(di)(di)點也采集過少量細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)，第(di)(di)7地(di)(di)點也發現(xian)有(you)幾件(jian)燧(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)核和幾十件(jian)球形的(de)敲(qiao)砸(za)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)南海(hai)螺(luo)崗、灶崗、藤涌(yong)崗，觀音廟口，佛山(shan)河(he)宕(dang)，番禺喃嘸山(shan)以及深圳小(xiao)梅沙(sha)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)、晚期(qi)遺(yi)(yi)址中(zhong)，也出有(you)個別燧(sui)(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)或小(xiao)型打(da)制石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(詳見文(wen)末(mo)附表)。此(ci)外，從西樵(qiao)山(shan)第(di)(di)7、第(di)(di)11地(di)(di)點等(deng)(deng)霏(fei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)巖的(de)部(bu)分有(you)肩斧、錛、尖狀器(qi)(qi)、龜背形砍砸(za)器(qi)(qi)、刮(gua)削器(qi)(qi)和細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)薄(bo)長石(shi)(shi)(shi)片等(deng)(deng)的(de)打(da)片法，也可(ke)以看到它(ta)們與細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)片的(de)打(da)片法有(you)著承(cheng)襲關(guan)系。因(yin)此(ci)，我認(ren)為(wei)西樵(qiao)山(shan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)遺(yi)(yi)存應屬于(yu)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時代早期(qi)，其(qi)年代大(da)約(yue)相(xiang)當于(yu)距今(jin)七八千年，下限可(ke)能(neng)還會延(yan)續得(de)晚一些(xie)。總(zong)而言(yan)之，西樵(qiao)山(shan)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)遺(yi)(yi)存的(de)發現(xian)，填(tian)補了華南細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)遺(yi)(yi)址分布上的(de)空白，提出了廣東石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時代研究的(de)新(xin)課題。
其次是屬于新石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)、晚(wan)(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)或(huo)遺(yi)址(zhi)。這(zhe)類遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)多(duo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于西樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)南、西、北麓或(huo)臺地，部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)岡和洞穴，包(bao)(bao)括采石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(如虎頭(tou)(tou)巖(yan)(yan)等)、制石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(如第(di)7、第(di)11、15地點(dian)等)、漁(yu)獵(lie)捕撈和“鋤農業”(如貝(bei)(bei)殼堆積、第(di)23地點(dian)等)。這(zhe)類遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)，絕大多(duo)數為霏細(xi)巖(yan)(yan)，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)以有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為代表，包(bao)(bao)括斧、錛(ben)、鏟(chan)等，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如刮削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖狀器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、龜背(bei)形(xing)(xing)砍砸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、矛形(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。還有(you)(you)一些霏細(xi)巖(yan)(yan)、細(xi)砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長身、梯(ti)形(xing)(xing)和有(you)(you)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨光錛(ben)、鑿、矛等，粗略估計在三(san)、四千件左右。其中(zhong)(zhong)通體磨光的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)過(guo)一、二(er)百(bai)件，礪石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)超過(guo)一、二(er)十件。陶片(pian)僅(jin)有(you)(you)二(er)、三(san)百(bai)片(pian)，包(bao)(bao)括繩紋(wen)、刻(ke)劃紋(wen)夾(jia)砂(sha)(sha)陶和泥質、夾(jia)砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)陶。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)等飾(shi)物偶有(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(第(di)15地點(dian))，動物(不(bu)包(bao)(bao)括介殼類)或(huo)植(zhi)物遺(yi)骸至今尚無發(fa)現(xian)(xian)。這(zhe)些現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)與一般定居遺(yi)址(zhi)是不(bu)相(xiang)稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)。幾何(he)印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)陶(如方格紋(wen)、曲尺紋(wen)、重圈紋(wen)、葉脈紋(wen)等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)(xian)，正說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)西樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)存(cun)(cun)在著新石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)。還可(ke)(ke)從(cong)以下(xia)三(san)個方面，進一步證明(ming)(ming)(ming)西樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)存(cun)(cun)在過(guo)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代中(zhong)(zhong)、晚(wan)(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)。第(di)一，鎮頭(tou)(tou)西坡含(han)貝(bei)(bei)殼層遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試掘，經碳十四測定，表明(ming)(ming)(ming)其年代相(xiang)當(dang)于中(zhong)(zhong)、晚(wan)(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(詳(xiang)后年代部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen))。第(di)二(er)，據金蘭寺、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)峽、河宕、茅(mao)崗等遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)掘和測定年代可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)旁證，在西樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)諸遺(yi)址(zhi)(或(huo)遺(yi)物地點(dian))中(zhong)(zhong)，凡(fan)出細(xi)繩紋(wen)、刻(ke)劃紋(wen)而(er)未(wei)有(you)(you)印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)陶的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)定為中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)；凡(fan)已出幾何(he)印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)陶的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)定為晚(wan)(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。第(di)三(san)，從(cong)西樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(主要是霏細(xi)巖(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi))廣泛分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于珠江(jiang)三(san)角洲地區新石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)、晚(wan)(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)亦可(ke)(ke)得(de)到印(yin)(yin)征（詳(xiang)見(jian)文末附(fu)表）。
由(you)此可見，西(xi)樵山遺(yi)址是(shi)(shi)一處大(da)型的(de)、延續(xu)年(nian)代很長的(de)、供應范圍很廣的(de)石器(qi)制作場，這是(shi)(shi)最突出(chu)和最主要(yao)的(de)。同時也有生產生活的(de)遺(yi)址，這也是(shi)(shi)不可否認的(de)。總之，西(xi)樵山遺(yi)址中包涵了新石器(qi)各個階段的(de)遺(yi)存，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)中、晚期遺(yi)存。
文化內涵
西樵山文(wen)化(hua)因1958年首先發(fa)現于南海縣西樵山而(er)得(de)名。在一段(duan)時間內，它是專(zhuan)指西樵山遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)本身的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)存。從發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)看，西樵山文(wen)化(hua)應當是分布于珠江三(san)角洲地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)新石器時代的(de)(de)(de)原始文(wen)化(hua)。它區(qu)別于封開黃(huang)巖洞(dong)類型和英德青(qing)塘類型的(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)穴遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)，區(qu)別于韓(han)江流(liu)域陳橋(qiao)村(cun)類型的(de)(de)(de)貝丘遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)，也(ye)不同于粵北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)石峽文(wen)化(hua)，具(ju)有其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)特點。
遺址分布
西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)包(bao)括了(le)以(yi)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造(zao)場為紐帶和西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)共(gong)存(cun)為標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)群(qun)古(gu)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)存(cun)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布于(yu)狹義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲(zhou)地(di)(di)區(一(yi)般系(xi)指(zhi)北(bei)自(zi)廣州(zhou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)門(men)水以(yi)下(xia)，西(xi)(xi)北(bei)自(zi)三(san)水思賢滘以(yi)下(xia)，西(xi)(xi)自(zi)潭(tan)江(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)下(xia)，東自(zi)東莞(guan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)龍以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區。包(bao)括南海(hai)(hai)、番(fan)(fan)禺(yu)、順德、中山(shan)(shan)(shan)、斗(dou)門(men)、三(san)水、新(xin)(xin)會(hui)、東莞(guan)、高鶴(he)、寶(bao)安、增城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)或(huo)(huo)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)，以(yi)及廣州(zhou)、佛山(shan)(shan)(shan)、江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)、深圳(zhen)、珠(zhu)海(hai)(hai)五個市，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)一(yi)萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)公里)。如(ru)(ru)果我們以(yi)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)——主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)霏(fei)細巖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)肩石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為一(yi)種指(zhi)示物(wu)來探(tan)索西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布，那么(me)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布范(fan)圍可能及于(yu)廣義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲(zhou)地(di)(di)區(一(yi)般指(zhi)北(bei)自(zi)北(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)飛來峽(xia)以(yi)下(xia)，西(xi)(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)三(san)榕峽(xia)以(yi)下(xia)，東江(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)劍潭(tan)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區。包(bao)括清(qing)遠、廣州(zhou)、花縣、番(fan)(fan)禺(yu)、增城(cheng)、三(san)水、南海(hai)(hai)、佛山(shan)(shan)(shan)、順德、高鶴(he)、中山(shan)(shan)(shan)、斗(dou)門(men)、新(xin)(xin)會(hui)、江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)、珠(zhu)海(hai)(hai)、臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)、恩平(ping)、開平(ping)、博羅、東莞(guan)、寶(bao)安、深圳(zhen)、肇慶(qing)、高要(yao)(yao)、四會(hui)等(deng)二(er)十四個縣、市，總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為三(san)萬(wan)四千多平(ping)方(fang)公里)（33）。除花縣、順德、四會(hui)、江(jiang)(jiang)門(men)、肇慶(qing)和開平(ping)等(deng)外，其余(yu)各縣、市均有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。如(ru)(ru)果包(bao)括香(xiang)(xiang)港沿海(hai)(hai)島嶼，筆者查到有(you)(you)這類石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點(dian)已達一(yi)百處以(yi)上(詳(xiang)見文(wen)末附表)。西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲(zhou)遺(yi)(yi)址如(ru)(ru)此廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)正表明它是(shi)一(yi)個供(gong)應(ying)范(fan)圍很廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、大(da)型(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造(zao)場(這與(yu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲(zhou)這一(yi)沖積(ji)平(ping)原缺乏適合制(zhi)造(zao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料有(you)(you)關)；另方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)可以(yi)證明當時(shi)(至遲在(zai)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)有(you)(you)肩石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi))已經出現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)社(she)會(hui)分(fen)工與(yu)產品交換。應(ying)當說明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，我們并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)將(jiang)霏(fei)細巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)無作(zuo)(zuo)為確(que)定西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同類遺(yi)(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)標志，而只是(shi)把它作(zuo)(zuo)為探(tan)求西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)布范(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據和線索。例如(ru)(ru)，我們并不(bu)(bu)把番(fan)(fan)禺(yu)和廣州(zhou)飛鵝嶺等(deng)地(di)(di)一(yi)些(xie)與(yu)夔紋(wen)陶共(gong)存(cun)含有(you)(you)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)類型(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅時(shi)代遺(yi)(yi)存(cun)劃入(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。又如(ru)(ru)，我們之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)把香(xiang)(xiang)港一(yi)些(xie)遺(yi)(yi)址歸入(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類型(xing)(xing)遺(yi)(yi)存(cun)，那不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)蒲(pu)臺島、南丫島的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘆須(xu)城(cheng)等(deng)地(di)(di)都發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)過霏(fei)細巖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)肩石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，更重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)那里發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)新(xin)(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中、晚期遺(yi)(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)貌都與(yu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)角洲(zhou)十分(fen)相(xiang)象或(huo)(huo)說一(yi)脈相(xiang)承的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（34）。
遺物特征
文化遺(yi)物包(bao)括石(shi)器、陶器、紡輪、骨角牙蠔蚌(bang)質的工具(ju)和(he)飾(shi)物等。這(zhe)里不準備逐項(xiang)詳細描述，只略舉其主(zhu)要器物及其特點。
簡介
所謂(wei)西(xi)樵(qiao)山類型(xing)的(de)石(shi)器，一(yi)指其石(shi)料，二指其器形。以燧(sui)石(shi)為主要原料的(de)細(xi)石(shi)器是西(xi)樵(qiao)山文(wen)化(hua)早期遺(yi)址中具有特點(dian)的(de)生產工具(具體器物(wu)及(ji)分類參看曾騏的(de)《西(xi)樵(qiao)山東麓的(de)細(xi)石(shi)器》一(yi)文(wen)及(ji)本文(wen)第一(yi)部分的(de)簡(jian)述，這里從略)，除主要發(fa)現于西(xi)樵(qiao)山外，珠江三角洲一(yi)些遺(yi)址也有少量(liang)發(fa)現(詳(xiang)見(jian)文(wen)末附表)。
以(yi)霏(fei)細巖為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)石料的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)肩(jian)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)文化中(zhong)、晚期遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)最(zui)富代表(biao)性的(de)生產(chan)工具，器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)包(bao)括斧(fu)(fu)(fu)、錛、鏟(chan)等，以(yi)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)、錛為(wei)大宗。西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)制作場出土的(de)多(duo)為(wei)打制的(de)(包(bao)括一部分廢品和殘件)，刃部多(duo)未經磨制，斧(fu)(fu)(fu)或(huo)錛的(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)難辨；珠江三(san)角洲遺(yi)址(zhi)發現的(de)多(duo)為(wei)磨制(刃部磨制或(huo)通(tong)體磨光)，錛比斧(fu)(fu)(fu)多(duo)，還常見(jian)一種有(you)(you)(you)(you)肩(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)段(duan)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)。此外，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)一些長(chang)身、梯(ti)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)段(duan)的(de)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)、錛、鑿(zao)以(yi)及(ji)鏃、矛等。西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)打制的(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)肩(jian)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要(yao)可分四式(shi)：Ⅰ式(shi)為(wei)圓盤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，柄部不突(tu)出，應是(shi)從(cong)這種圓盤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石坯打制出雙肩(jian)的(de)。Ⅱ式(shi)略(lve)呈扇形(xing)(xing)，短柄，溜肩(jian)，弧刃
，薄(bo)體。Ⅲ式(shi)器身(shen)呈(cheng)梯形，長柄(bing)或(huo)短肩(jian)，肩(jian)角大于(yu)九(jiu)十度，弧(hu)刃的多。Ⅳ式(shi)短身(shen)，寬(kuan)刃，肩(jian)多呈(cheng)直(zhi)角，平刃的多。西樵(qiao)山(shan)類型的有(you)肩(jian)石器，其(qi)大小、厚薄(bo)相差懸殊，可能反映出用途的不同。最(zui)(zui)大的長達12-14、寬(kuan)6-8、厚1-2厘米(mi)；最(zui)(zui)小的長僅(jin)3-4、寬(kuan)2-3、厚0.3-0.5厘米(mi)。
有肩石(shi)(shi)鏟(chan)的(de)特征是器(qi)型大，長(chang)(chang)身(shen)，短柄(bing)。西樵山文(wen)化(hua)中此類石(shi)(shi)鏟(chan)發(fa)(fa)現不多，如中山大學在大仙(xian)崗采集的(de)一件(jian)，器(qi)身(shen)琢制，全長(chang)(chang)21.5、柄(bing)高(gao)3.5、寬(kuan)(kuan)9-10.6厘米；省博物館在第7地點采集的(de)一件(jian)，全長(chang)(chang)17、柄(bing)高(gao)3.3、寬(kuan)(kuan)7-7.5厘米。此外，廣(guang)州飛鵝嶺菠羅山、番禺(yu)西園(yuan)莊(zhuang)、喃嘸山也有發(fa)(fa)現，但時代較晚。西樵山或(huo)西樵山文(wen)化(hua)的(de)有肩石(shi)(shi)鏟(chan)與(yu)海(hai)南島發(fa)(fa)現的(de)長(chang)(chang)身(shen)石(shi)(shi)鏟(chan)，與(yu)粵西封(feng)開(kai)、德慶、高(gao)要以及(ji)湛江(jiang)地區的(de)陽(yang)江(jiang)、海(hai)南島儋縣(xian)等地發(fa)(fa)現的(de)大石(shi)(shi)鏟(chan)(指桂南類型的(de)大石(shi)(shi)鏟(chan))是否有承襲關(guan)系(xi)，是一個(ge)值得(de)注意(yi)的(de)問題（35）。
這里再舉幾個數字(zi)，以說明西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)文化遺(yi)(yi)址中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)肩(jian)(jian)石器(qi)(qi)與其(qi)它形(xing)式石器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)共存(cun)、比例(li)關系。例(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，1960年前在廣東中(zhong)(zhong)部低地區(qu)(基本上就是珠江三角洲)發現的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)處遺(yi)(yi)址中(zhong)(zhong)，獲(huo)得各(ge)種(zhong)石器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)○二(er)(er)三件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)斧(fu)鏟(chan)類(lei)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)八件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)肩(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)占(zhan)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)；錛(ben)類(lei)三三四(si)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)肩(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)占(zhan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三八件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)肩(jian)(jian)有(you)段(duan)的(de)(de)占(zhan)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)八件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)段(duan)的(de)(de)占(zhan)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這里四(si)種(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)石器(qi)(qi)共計(ji)五(wu)四(si)五(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)肩(jian)(jian)和有(you)肩(jian)(jian)有(you)段(duan)的(de)(de)占(zhan)二(er)(er)七七件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，即占(zhan)50%強（36）。例(li)二(er)(er)，寶安蚌地山(shan)出土石器(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)○○件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)斧(fu)、錛(ben)、鑿九十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)肩(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)占(zhan)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，即占(zhan)62%，而有(you)段(duan)錛(ben)僅有(you)4件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（37）。例(li)三，佛山(shan)河(he)宕舊墟出土石器(qi)(qi)(不計(ji)礪(li)石和裝飾品)二(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)斧(fu)(十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))、錛(ben)(八十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))、鏟(chan)(三件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))，共九十(shi)(shi)(shi)七件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)肩(jian)(jian)斧(fu)八件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、有(you)肩(jian)(jian)錛(ben)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、有(you)肩(jian)(jian)有(you)段(duan)錛(ben)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)段(duan)錛(ben)九件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。三種(zhong)合(he)計(ji)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，占(zhan)斧(fu)錛(ben)鏟(chan)總數的(de)(de)58.7%。其(qi)次，在河(he)宕遺(yi)(yi)址中(zhong)(zhong)，西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)石料的(de)(de)有(you)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(霏細巖的(de)(de)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、燧石的(de)(de)二(er)(er)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)斧(fu)
六(liu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、雙肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)；錛(ben)類(lei)三(san)(san)(san)十件(jian)(jian)(jian)、雙肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)八件(jian)(jian)(jian)、單肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。如(ru)此斧(fu)(fu)錛(ben)三(san)(san)(san)十六(liu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)約(yue)占(zhan)一(yi)(yi)半（38）。例(li)四，廣州飛鵝嶺九處遺(yi)址(zhi)發現有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)五○件(jian)(jian)(jian)，占(zhan)各(ge)類(lei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%左(zuo)右。在(zai)有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，以斧(fu)(fu)最多(duo)，有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)錛(ben)只有(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)Ⅳ式石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斧(fu)(fu)(短身寬肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))和(he)長身石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鏟也(ye)與西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)相近。霏細巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料也(ye)占(zhan)很大比例(li)，證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)其(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料應(ying)來(lai)自西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山（39），不(bu)(bu)過(guo)，年(nian)(nian)代(dai)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)較晚(wan)。以上數(shu)例(li)可以說明(ming)(ming)，有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)生產工(gong)具中(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)有(you)(you)相當(dang)(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例(li)（大約(yue)占(zhan)60%以上）。有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山文(wen)(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)發現并不(bu)(bu)多(duo)，它遠不(bu)(bu)如(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)峽文(wen)(wen)化墓葬出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)那樣(yang)典型、精制(zhi)。但在(zai)珠江(jiang)(jiang)三(san)(san)(san)角洲晚(wan)期遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，普遍出現一(yi)(yi)種中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錛(ben)，它是(shi)(shi)否(fou)反映著有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)者(zhe)溶(rong)為一(yi)(yi)體呢尚未見到詳細論證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)章。與此有(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個問(wen)題是(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孰早(zao)(zao)孰晚(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題。就兩(liang)廣地(di)區(qu)——我國有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)(yao)發祥地(di)和(he)最流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)之一(yi)(yi)來(lai)看，我認為有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)早(zao)(zao)于有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。主要(yao)(yao)理(li)由是(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)樵(qiao)山遺(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)(shi)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)一(yi)(yi)無二的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造場(chang)，其(qi)次，在(zai)增城金(jin)蘭(lan)寺下(xia)層、東(dong)莞萬福庵下(xia)層、新(xin)會(hui)羅山咀(ju)、高要(yao)(yao)永安夏江(jiang)(jiang)村這(zhe)些新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，已經(jing)出現有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而不(bu)(bu)見有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)些遺(yi)址(zhi)或層位一(yi)(yi)般定在(zai)距(ju)今五、六(liu)千年(nian)(nian)。而有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錛(ben)在(zai)廣東(dong)出現地(di)層明(ming)(ming)確、年(nian)(nian)代(dai)較早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)曲江(jiang)(jiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)峽遺(yi)址(zhi)下(xia)層及墓葬。共(gong)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)少量有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、有(you)(you)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及幾何(he)印紋陶。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)峽文(wen)(wen)化墓葬的(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)為距(ju)今四千五百(bai)年(nian)(nian)上下(xia)，下(xia)層前一(yi)(yi)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)較早(zao)(zao)，大致也(ye)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)距(ju)今六(liu)千年(nian)(nian)。就全(quan)省(sheng)調查發掘情況看，有(you)(you)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)與幾何(he)形印紋陶共(gong)存。
陶器
西樵(qiao)山遺址(zhi)發現的(de)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)很少(前后出土估計不過二(er)、三(san)百片(pian))，且缺乏完整(zheng)器(qi)。可分兩類：一類是夾(jia)砂陶(tao)(tao)，器(qi)形有(you)(you)(you)圜底釜等(deng)，這里的(de)一部(bu)分陶(tao)(tao)釜片(pian)，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)早(zao)期陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)的(de)特征，如黃褐色或紅褐色，胎薄，火候低，飾繩紋(wen)、劃紋(wen)或壓點紋(wen)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)帶紅色、白色陶(tao)(tao)衣，年(nian)代應當較(jiao)早(zao)。另一類是泥質素(su)面(mian)陶(tao)(tao)和幾何(he)印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)，后者也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)夾(jia)砂的(de)(胎較(jiao)厚)，紋(wen)有(you)(you)(you)方格紋(wen)、葉(xie)脈紋(wen)、曲尺紋(wen)、半(ban)重圈紋(wen)等(deng)，年(nian)代當較(jiao)晚。
我們可以(yi)(yi)從西樵山(shan)周圍如(ru)(ru)南(nan)海、佛(fo)山(shan)以(yi)(yi)至珠江(jiang)三角洲的(de)其他遺址，看到(dao)西樵山(shan)文化(hua)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)特征。新石器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代中期遺址，如(ru)(ru)南(nan)海觀音(yin)廟口、新會(hui)羅山(shan)咀(ju)、增城(cheng)金(jin)(jin)蘭寺(si)下層(ceng)、東莞萬福(fu)(fu)庵(an)下層(ceng)、高要永安夏江(jiang)、深圳大(da)、小梅(mei)沙（40）、以(yi)(yi)至香港深灣F層(ceng)等。這(zhe)類遺址夾砂(sha)(sha)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)很大(da)比重(zhong)(如(ru)(ru)羅山(shan)咀(ju)、大(da)、小梅(mei)沙都達(da)95%以(yi)(yi)上)。主要器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)是(shi)圜底釜(fu)，還(huan)有罐、缽(碗)、盤(pan)、杯、豆和(he)“器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)座”等。紋飾以(yi)(yi)各(ge)種繩紋和(he)刻(ke)劃(hua)紋、篦點(dian)紋為主。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)較小，手制或模(mo)制。泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)陶(tao)(tao)有罐、鏤孔矮圈足盤(pan)、平底盆和(he)淺(qian)盤(pan)、豆、杯等。泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)磨光(guang)紅(hong)陶(tao)(tao)(或橙黃陶(tao)(tao))占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)(yi)定比例(li)，并出現了彩(cai)陶(tao)(tao)，這(zhe)是(shi)西樵山(shan)文化(hua)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)特點(dian)。如(ru)(ru)金(jin)(jin)蘭寺(si)、萬福(fu)(fu)庵(an)、深灣等泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)陶(tao)(tao)都占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有一(yi)(yi)定比例(li)。金(jin)(jin)蘭寺(si)下層(ceng)的(de)夾砂(sha)(sha)陶(tao)(tao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)82.5%、磨光(guang)紅(hong)陶(tao)(tao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13.6%、彩(cai)陶(tao)(tao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.9%便是(shi)一(yi)(yi)例(li)。
彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)已知的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，金蘭(lan)(lan)寺(si)(si)（41）、萬福(fu)庵、小(xiao)梅殺（42）、香港舂(chong)坎(kan)灣(wan)(wan)、銅鼓(gu)灣(wan)(wan)、大(da)灣(wan)(wan)和(he)蟹地(di)灣(wan)(wan)等(deng)(deng)（43）。金蘭(lan)(lan)寺(si)(si)和(he)萬福(fu)庵多為(wei)(wei)殘片(pian)(pian)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)看(kan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)矮圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤(pan)(pan)等(deng)(deng)。金蘭(lan)(lan)寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)是(shi)在磨(mo)光紅(hong)(hong)(hong)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)表面(mian)(mian)繪(hui)(hui)赭(zhe)(zhe)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色寬帶(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上），或(huo)在盤(pan)(pan)外繪(hui)(hui)葉脈狀(zhuang)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。東莞彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)表里均(jun)繪(hui)(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，泥(ni)(ni)質黃灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)先涂(tu)白(bai)地(di)，再繪(hui)(hui)暗紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)寬帶(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)弧(hu)形紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。在金蘭(lan)(lan)寺(si)(si)還(huan)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可(ke)復原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)缽，泥(ni)(ni)質灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)，質地(di)較(jiao)堅硬，斂口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)小(xiao)平底(di)(di)，底(di)(di)部有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)旋轉痕跡(ji)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿外繪(hui)(hui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道（寬1.2厘米）紅(hong)(hong)(hong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)寬帶(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)徑17.5、高5.7厘米。舂(chong)坎(kan)灣(wan)(wan)（Chung Hom Wan）有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)復原(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)，均(jun)為(wei)(wei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)淺底(di)(di)盤(pan)(pan)（Shallow Dish）器(qi)(qi)形略有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)差別。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)斂口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)向(xiang)內(nei)弧(hu)；另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)敞口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)斜(xie)腹，圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)外撇(pie)，飾小(xiao)圓(yuan)鏤孔，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)衣，盤(pan)(pan)外繪(hui)(hui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)波浪紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、圓(yuan)點紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。同(tong)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)完(wan)(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)鏤孔圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)直(zhi)腹細泥(ni)(ni)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)杯，器(qi)(qi)身刻(ke)曲折紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（44）舂(chong)坎(kan)灣(wan)(wan)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)類彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)矮圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤(pan)(pan)殘件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，省(sheng)博物館(guan)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)藏(zang)(zang)品（45）。1980年(nian)，深圳小(xiao)梅沙遺(yi)(yi)址發現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤(pan)(pan)，經復原(yuan)(yuan)其形制與舂(chong)坎(kan)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)幾乎完(wan)(wan)全一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，唯(wei)器(qi)(qi)形稍大(da)，彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)圖(tu)案更為(wei)(wei)清(qing)晰，美觀(guan)（46）。以(yi)(yi)上彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)均(jun)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)新石時(shi)代中期(qi)。此外，在我(wo)館(guan)藏(zang)(zang)品中，筆者找(zhao)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)粗紗陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)釜(fu)或(huo)罐口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿殘片(pian)(pian)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道紅(hong)(hong)(hong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)寬帶(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，以(yi)(yi)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)刻(ke)劃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)及(ji)(ji)繩(sheng)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，出(chu)(chu)于南(nan)海縣(xian)，編(bian)號為(wei)(wei)“NKG”的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)址。這(zhe)表明西樵(qiao)山(shan)遺(yi)(yi)址所(suo)在地(di)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)海縣(xian)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)發現(xian)。還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，在佛山(shan)河(he)宕下(xia)層也(ye)(ye)發現(xian)過一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)完(wan)(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)(ni)質橙黃色彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)小(xiao)罐，在口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿面(mian)(mian)上繪(hui)(hui)三條(tiao)短條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，上腹繪(hui)(hui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)筆流暢的(de)(de)(de)赭(zhe)(zhe)色彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)條(tiao)。另外在下(xia)層出(chu)(chu)土(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十多件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（殘片(pian)(pian)）泥(ni)(ni)質磨(mo)光彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤(pan)(pan)，圖(tu)案是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色或(huo)赭(zhe)(zhe)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)寬帶(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)寬窄并列的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，繪(hui)(hui)于盤(pan)(pan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)外或(huo)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿面(mian)(mian)，花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)比(bi)較(jiao)簡(jian)(jian)單(47)。總之(zhi)，珠(zhu)江三角(jiao)洲、香港沿海島(dao)嶼(yu)(以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)韓江三角(jiao)洲海豐(feng)等(deng)(deng)地(di)(48))新石器(qi)(qi)時(shi)代中、晚期(qi)遺(yi)(yi)存中發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)，數量(liang)還(huan)不多，圖(tu)案紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)樣比(bi)較(jiao)簡(jian)(jian)單。器(qi)(qi)形主(zhu)要是(shi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤(pan)(pan)，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)平底(di)(di)缽、圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)小(xiao)罐和(he)夾砂釜(fu)或(huo)罐等(deng)(deng)，彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)圖(tu)案屬于幾何(he)形花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)系(xi)統(帶(dai)狀(zhuang)條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、平行線條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、葉脈狀(zhuang)條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、勾(gou)(gou)連弧(hu)線或(huo)勾(gou)(gou)連云紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)(deng))，比(bi)較(jiao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)小(xiao)梅沙那種近似勾(gou)(gou)連弧(hu)線紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加圓(yuan)點等(deng)(deng)，至今未發現(xian)動植物圖(tu)案花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。總的(de)(de)(de)風格(ge)與我(wo)國東南(nan)沿海省(sheng)區新石器(qi)(qi)中期(qi)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)上刻(ke)劃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)特征是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，因此可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方特點；但又(you)與青蓮崗文(wen)化、曇石山(shan)文(wen)化、鳳(feng)鼻頭(tou)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相似之(zhi)處。例如，南(nan)京北陰(yin)陽(yang)營有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿繪(hui)(hui)寬帶(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)碗，邳縣(xian)大(da)墩子彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)缽上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)繪(hui)(hui)勾(gou)(gou)連弧(hu)線加圓(yuan)點紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(49)。臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)鳳(feng)鼻頭(tou)文(wen)化圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤(pan)(pan)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)類似舂(chong)坎(kan)灣(wan)(wan)弧(hu)線紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)花(hua)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。臺(tai)中社腳也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)類似河(he)宕那種在口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿面(mian)(mian)上繪(hui)(hui)寬窄排列的(de)(de)(de)短線條(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(50)，等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。廣東的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)與它們可(ke)能有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。
相當(dang)于(yu)新(xin)石器時(shi)代晚期(qi)的代表性遺址(zhi)，有金(jin)蘭寺(si)中層(ceng)、東(dong)莞龍江村、南(nan)海通心崗、灶崗、佛山(shan)(shan)河宕(dang)、高要茅崗、深圳鶴地山(shan)(shan)、赤灣村、寶安蚌地山(shan)(shan)(51)、西(xi)樵(qiao)山(shan)(shan)鎮頭西(xi)坡，以(yi)及香港深灣cb層(ceng)等。
廣東新(xin)石(shi)器晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)根(gen)據石(shi)峽(xia)下層(ceng)(ceng)和中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)等遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)層(ceng)(ceng)位(wei)疊壓和器物的(de)特(te)點變化(hua)關系，可(ke)以分(fen)為前(qian)、后(hou)兩個階段(或稱晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)和末(mo)期(qi)(qi))。上述珠江三角洲的(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)雖(sui)然(ran)本身還有(you)早晚(wan)之(zhi)別(bie)，如金蘭寺中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)有(you)2A層(ceng)(ceng)和2B層(ceng)(ceng)，河宕遺(yi)址(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)第2層(ceng)(ceng)和第3層(ceng)(ceng)，鎮頭西坡貝殼層(ceng)(ceng)也可(ke)分(fen)上、下層(ceng)(ceng)，但(dan)它們在文化(hua)面貌和年代上大多屬于末(mo)期(qi)(qi)，即大體與石(shi)峽(xia)中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)、始興澄(cheng)陂村窯址(zhi)相當。
這個(ge)(ge)(ge)時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)特(te)點(dian)是幾何形(xing)印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)陶(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盛(sheng)(sheng)行，泥(ni)質(zhi)陶(tao)(tao)和夾(jia)砂(sha)(sha)陶(tao)(tao)都拍印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾，而(er)且具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)特(te)點(dian)。以(yi)河宕(dang)、灶崗與石(shi)峽中(zhong)(zhong)層比較，前(qian)兩(liang)者印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)深而(er)清(qing)晰，單(dan)位(wei)結構粗(cu)疏，如(ru)對(dui)(dui)角線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)方格紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(大(da)小由四(si)至五重(zhong)組(zu)成(cheng))一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)位(wei)直(zhi)徑達4-6厘(li)米。印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)也多(duo)，河宕(dang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處就有(you)(you)(you)二十多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)同花紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特(te)點(dian)是器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)承(cheng)襲、發(fa)(fa)展了(le)本區(qu)前(qian)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)。如(ru)炊煮(zhu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仍以(yi)釜(fu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，三(san)足(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(如(ru)鼎等)極少發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(佛(fo)山河宕(dang)出土(tu)四(si)萬多(duo)片(pian)陶(tao)(tao)片(pian)，僅見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)實足(zu))。深圳(zhen)赤灣(wan)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)粗(cu)砂(sha)(sha)陶(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“爐箅(bi)形(xing)”器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)面(mian)支墊器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)座，應為(wei)烤魚類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物，過去(qu)寶安、香港(gang)深灣(wan)等地(di)(di)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)為(wei)殘件(jian)，不(bu)明用(yong)途（52）。另外(wai)深圳(zhen)還發(fa)(fa)現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)帶兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)鏤孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“爐座”(暫名(ming))。這里僅舉河宕(dang)為(wei)例(li)，河宕(dang)舊墟遺址較大(da)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露及其出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在西(xi)樵山附近以(yi)至珠江三(san)角洲地(di)(di)區(qu)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表(biao)性，使(shi)我們比較清(qing)楚地(di)(di)看到晚期(末期)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)和幾何印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)陶(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富多(duo)彩。如(ru)盛(sheng)(sheng)行圜底釜(fu)、矮圈足(zu)罐(guan)(guan)，缺乏三(san)足(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)。釜(fu)多(duo)寬沿敞(chang)口(kou)(棱角明顯(xian))、扁圓腹。夾(jia)砂(sha)(sha)陶(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印(yin)(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)除(chu)繩紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、條紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(籃(lan)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen))、劃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(以(yi)水波狀為(wei)多(duo))外(wai)，還有(you)(you)(you)曲尺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、梯子形(xing)格紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、云(yun)(yun)雷紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、對(dui)(dui)角線重(zhong)方格、凸圓點(dian)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等二十多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。泥(ni)質(zhi)陶(tao)(tao)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)罐(guan)(guan)壺類(lei)和盤豆(dou)類(lei)。罐(guan)(guan)壺類(lei)都附圈足(zu)，形(xing)式(shi)多(duo)樣，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是圓腹和折肩(jian)兩(liang)類(lei)。圓腹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)素面(mian)磨光，地(di)(di)層和墓(mu)葬中(zhong)(zhong)都有(you)(you)(you)出土(tu)，是石(shi)峽中(zhong)(zhong)層未(wei)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。小口(kou)折肩(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，肩(jian)以(yi)上無紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，肩(jian)以(yi)下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)雷紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至三(san)周(zhou)，以(yi)下(xia)多(duo)為(wei)曲尺紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)組(zu)合，是末期出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)典型器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。石(shi)峽中(zhong)(zhong)層也有(you)(you)(you)，但數量很少。盤豆(dou)類(lei)數量多(duo)，以(yi)鏤孔矮圈足(zu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。圈足(zu)盤有(you)(you)(you)斂口(kou)、子母(mu)口(kou)和展唇等不(bu)同形(xing)式(shi)，質(zhi)地(di)(di)多(duo)為(wei)細泥(ni)磨光紅陶(tao)(tao)或橙黃(huang)陶(tao)(tao)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)
種斂口的磨光紅陶(tao)(tao)(tao)盤(pan)，很象仰韶式(shi)的紅陶(tao)(tao)(tao)缽，但下(xia)(xia)面附有(you)(you)圈足，同時(shi)在(zai)圈足盤(pan)中(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)有(you)(you)一部(bu)分彩陶(tao)(tao)(tao)。泥質(zhi)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)的印紋種類(lei)將(jiang)近有(you)(you)三(san)十種，主(zhu)要拍印于罐壺類(lei)上(shang)。此(ci)外(wai)，河宕還(huan)發現(xian)有(you)(you)六(liu)、七十片(pian)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)片(pian)上(shang)有(you)(you)刻(ke)劃(hua)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)，二件器底部(bu)刻(ke)劃(hua)魚紋，符(fu)號(hao)(hao)多刻(ke)于圈足盤(pan)的底部(bu)。石峽下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)沒有(you)(you)發現(xian)刻(ke)劃(hua)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)，中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)僅見一個(ge)“米”字形符(fu)號(hao)(hao)。而與河宕年代相當的高(gao)要茅崗也發現(xian)有(you)(you)十個(ge)左右的刻(ke)劃(hua)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)。河宕下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)與中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)的陶(tao)(tao)(tao)紡輪有(you)(you)明顯區別，中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)多為素面。下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)的其底面多有(you)(you)刻(ke)劃(hua)花紋，為單線或復線的圓弧線，把底面分成三(san)、四、五等分。還(huan)應提到，增城金(jin)蘭寺中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)，出(chu)土過(guo)一件形象逼真(zhen)的陶(tao)(tao)(tao)祖(zu)(且)，它反映(ying)了(le)這一時(shi)期(qi)父權(quan)制的確(que)立。(53)
工具飾物
在(zai)珠江三(san)角洲，港澳沿海島嶼(yu)的(de)(de)(de)貝丘和(he)沙丘遺址(zhi)中(zhong)，出(chu)土有一部(bu)分以動物、介殼類(lei)遺骸制作的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具(ju)和(he)飾物，這也是西樵山文化(hua)遺存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)不可忽視的(de)(de)(de)特點。例(li)如，在(zai)萬福庵、河(he)宕(dang)(dang)獅子橋(qiao)、王借崗等遺址(zhi)，都發(fa)現(xian)有蠔殼磨成的(de)(de)(de)穿孔(kong)(kong)工(gong)具(ju)。河(he)宕(dang)(dang)舊墟(xu)出(chu)有一種特殊(shu)形式的(de)(de)(de)穿孔(kong)(kong)骨針(疑即織魚網(wang)織針)。河(he)宕(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)骨鏃(zu)比石鏃(zu)多幾倍。新會(hui)羅山咀發(fa)現(xian)穿孔(kong)(kong)蚶殼、深(shen)灣下層有穿孔(kong)(kong)鯊魚牙(ya)飾。有些遺址(zhi)還出(chu)土魚脊(ji)骨串飾等。
墓葬特點
西樵山(shan)文(wen)化的(de)早期墓葬(zang)尚無發(fa)現(xian)(xian)。中期的(de)如新會羅山(shan)咀發(fa)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)座二(er)次甕(weng)棺葬(zang)，葬(zang)具(ju)為兩(liang)件相套的(de)粗砂陶厚(hou)胎折肩(jian)甕(weng)，肩(jian)上刻(ke)劃一(yi)(yi)周三角(jiao)形(內加斜(xie)線)劃紋(wen)，還有一(yi)(yi)個刻(ke)劃符號。人(ren)(ren)骨從頭到(dao)下肢有序(xu)地疊置于甕(weng)內，隨葬(zang)品(pin)有骨簪、穿孔麻龜板(ban)飾物各一(yi)(yi)件（54）。據《深灣》發(fa)掘報告(gao)，在F層及(ji)(ji)晚期cb層都發(fa)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)火(huo)(huo)葬(zang)及(ji)(ji)土(tu)葬(zang)。引(yin)人(ren)(ren)注(zhu)目的(de)是(shi)火(huo)(huo)葬(zang)，這(zhe)種火(huo)(huo)葬(zang)是(shi)從文(wen)化層中零星散見(jian)的(de)許(xu)多碎(sui)骨，包括頭骨及(ji)(ji)肢骨等，經過(guo)八(ba)百度高溫火(huo)(huo)化跡象而判(pan)定的(de)（55）。
晚(wan)期墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)有(you)較多(duo)(duo)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)金蘭(lan)寺2A層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)貝殼堆積中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)四座(zuo)(zuo)，淺坑或(huo)(huo)墓(mu)(mu)坑不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)，人骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)頭(tou)東(dong)(dong)腳西(xi)，仰臥直(zhi)(zhi)肢(zhi)，基本(ben)并(bing)行排列。鑒定為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(老)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)男(nan)(nan)(青(qing)(qing))、一(yi)(yi)(yi)兒童(tong)，兒童(tong)緊依(yi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)。其中(zhong)(zhong)M2(男(nan)(nan)，25歲(sui)±)，有(you)人工拔牙(ya)(ya)（56）。僅M4女(nv)(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)墓(mu)(mu)，有(you)長方格印紋陶缶、骨(gu)(gu)飾各一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，南海灶崗貝丘遺(yi)址(zhi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)六(liu)(liu)座(zuo)(zuo)，墓(mu)(mu)坑多(duo)(duo)不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)，頭(tou)向東(dong)(dong)南，腳向西(xi)北，仰臥直(zhi)(zhi)肢(zhi)，經鑒定男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)老少均有(you)。僅三座(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)各隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)小(xiao)石(shi)錛(ben)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，筆者(zhe)在河(he)宕(dang)獅子橋遺(yi)址(zhi)調查，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)人頭(tou)蓋(gai)骨(gu)(gu)、顎骨(gu)(gu)、肢(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)殘骸，推(tui)測應(ying)為(wei)(wei)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)。獅子橋的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)與河(he)宕(dang)舊(jiu)(jiu)墟的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)當。1977-1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，河(he)宕(dang)舊(jiu)(jiu)墟發(fa)(fa)掘760平方米，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)七十(shi)七座(zuo)(zuo)(中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)五十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)貝殼層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)二(er)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)座(zuo)(zuo))。這批墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)在文化層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)，多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)沒有(you)墓(mu)(mu)坑，一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)有(you)淺坑(如M15打破(po)紅燒土(tu)居址(zhi))。葬(zang)(zang)(zang)式主要(yao)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)次單人葬(zang)(zang)(zang)，仰臥直(zhi)(zhi)肢(zhi)，但下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)可能為(wei)(wei)二(er)次葬(zang)(zang)(zang)，仍為(wei)(wei)仰臥直(zhi)(zhi)肢(zhi)。M12發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)具，墓(mu)(mu)坑不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)，經鑒定同為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)女(nv)(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，還不(bu)能肯定為(wei)(wei)合葬(zang)(zang)(zang)墓(mu)(mu)。這批墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)均為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)向，經鑒定的(de)(de)(de)五十(shi)六(liu)(liu)座(zuo)(zuo)，男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)老少均有(you)，幼(you)童(tong)占十(shi)座(zuo)(zuo)。中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或(huo)(huo)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)老幼(you)都(dou)是間錯排列（還有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)疊(die)壓打破(po)關系(xi)），并(bing)非同輩的(de)(de)(de)男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)有(you)序地(di)排列。經鑒定有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)重要(yao)現(xian)象(xiang)，即成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)男(nan)(nan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)律頭(tou)西(xi)腳東(dong)(dong)，成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)女(nv)(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)律頭(tou)東(dong)(dong)腳西(xi)（57）。二(er)十(shi)八(ba)座(zuo)(zuo)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)墓(mu)(mu)有(you)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)，占成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)墓(mu)(mu)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)42%，隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)共四十(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，每墓(mu)(mu)多(duo)(duo)者(zhe)三件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，少者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。女(nv)(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)(duo)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)陶紡輪(lun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，男(nan)(nan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小(xiao)石(shi)錛(ben)或(huo)(huo)鏃(zu)、矛，或(huo)(huo)許仍然反映(ying)著男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)自然分(fen)(fen)(fen)工。還有(you)，下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)(mu)都(dou)沒有(you)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)陶器(qi)，九件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陶器(qi)均出于中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或(huo)(huo)打破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)。其中(zhong)(zhong)甲區M1(女(nv)(nv)(nv)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)三件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)黑皮(pi)圈(quan)足(zu)(zu)盤(pan)二(er)、夾(jia)砂方格紋圈(quan)足(zu)(zu)罐(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))。M19(男(nan)(nan)，青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)薄胎方格紋敞口凹底罐(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。M23(女(nv)(nv)(nv)，青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，肩有(you)雙(shuang)鋬磨光黑皮(pi)小(xiao)陶罐(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。M24(男(nan)(nan)，成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，似水(shui)晶質(zhi)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)玦和紅陶圈(quan)足(zu)(zu)小(xiao)罐(guan)各一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)(mu)除了(le)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)小(xiao)石(shi)錛(ben)、骨(gu)(gu)鏃(zu)、石(shi)鏃(zu)、石(shi)環、陶紡輪(lun)外，有(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)象(xiang)牙(ya)(ya)器(qi)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)均為(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)男(nan)(nan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，M25(30歲(sui)±，人工拔牙(ya)(ya))，人骨(gu)(gu)右手腕上(shang)戴大象(xiang)牙(ya)(ya)環一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，頭(tou)上(shang)有(you)半環形(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側帶凹槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)飾一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，長10厘米余(yu)；M65(25歲(sui)±，拔牙(ya)(ya))，頭(tou)上(shang)有(you)大小(xiao)相(xiang)若(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)亞腰筒形(xing)器(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，高7.6、上(shang)徑6.2、下(xia)徑8.2厘米。制作精致，薄如蛋殼。
更為(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，這(zhe)批(pi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)骨(gu)架在(zai)可供觀察(cha)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十二(er)個(ge)(ge)成年個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)十九(jiu)個(ge)(ge)(男(nan)十，女九(jiu))生前(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工拔牙(ya)，未拔牙(ya)的(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)(ge)，拔牙(ya)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)率占(zhan)82.6%。拔牙(ya)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)，最(zui)小(xiao)年齡為(wei)22-25歲(sui)(甲區M63)，拔除的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)種(zhong)絕大多數是(shi)上(shang)(shang)頜(he)兩側(也有(you)(you)(you)單側)第二(er)門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，還有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)例是(shi)拔除上(shang)(shang)頜(he)中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)與左右側門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)相結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)，研究人(ren)(ren)(ren)員指出(chu)(chu)(chu)“這(zhe)是(shi)值得注意(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)（58），因為(wei)我國山東(dong)(dong)大汶口文(wen)化(hua)、江蘇邳縣大墩子、福建曇石(shi)山等新石(shi)器時(shi)(shi)代(dai)遺址發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)拔牙(ya)材料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)，拔除或敲去的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)種(zhong)絕大多數(據統計占(zhan)90%強(qiang))是(shi)上(shang)(shang)頜(he)側門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，一般忌拔上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)下(xia)門(men)(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，同時(shi)(shi)拔牙(ya)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，往往反映著不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)含義。河宕人(ren)(ren)(ren)骨(gu)架體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)形態，鑒定(ding)接近于蒙(meng)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)種(zhong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞類(lei)型(xing)。發(fa)(fa)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)研究報(bao)告又指出(chu)(chu)(chu)。雖(sui)然“顯示出(chu)(chu)(chu)一些(xie)(xie)同赤道人(ren)(ren)(ren)種(zhong)相似的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征”，“但(dan)他們還應該屬于蒙(meng)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部邊緣(yuan)類(lei)型(xing)”（59）。男(nan)性(xing)平均(jun)(jun)身高約為(wei)166厘(li)米(mi)，女性(xing)約154厘(li)米(mi)。比黃(huang)河流域新石(shi)器時(shi)(shi)代(dai)居民的(de)(de)(de)估(gu)算身高(168.4-172.3厘(li)米(mi))矮一些(xie)(xie)。上(shang)(shang)述金蘭(lan)寺墓葬經鑒定(ding)認為(wei)“這(zhe)批(pi)頭骨(gu)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)種(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征”，并指出(chu)(chu)(chu)“有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)形態如(ru)圓頭、拔牙(ya)可能對探討我國沿海的(de)(de)(de)民族起源和遷移(yi)有(you)(you)(you)一定(ding)意(yi)義”（60）。如(ru)上(shang)(shang)所述，廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)十個(ge)(ge)拔牙(ya)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)，都發(fa)(fa)現(xian)于珠(zhu)江三角洲沿海的(de)(de)(de)貝丘遺址，文(wen)化(hua)性(xing)質(zhi)和年代(dai)也相當，均(jun)(jun)屬距今四(si)千年左右的(de)(de)(de)新石(shi)器末期，結合(he)(he)《山海經》、《淮南(nan)(nan)(nan)子》、和《唐大和上(shang)(shang)東(dong)(dong)征傳(chuan)》(61)等文(wen)獻有(you)(you)(you)關記述以及(ji)民族學材料(liao)，特(te)別是(shi)結合(he)(he)從山東(dong)(dong)至廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)，我國東(dong)(dong)方和東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)沿海地區(包括臺(tai)灣)考古發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)新石(shi)器時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)形態、拔牙(ya)(鑿(zao)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi))材料(liao),不(bu)難看出(chu)(chu)(chu)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)批(pi)墓葬及(ji)拔牙(ya)資料(liao)，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)價值。
總之(zhi)，上述河宕、灶崗、金(jin)蘭(lan)寺等貝丘遺址(zhi)(zhi)的墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)有(you)幾個共同特點：(1)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)或(huo)墓(mu)(mu)地分布于遺址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)；(2)墓(mu)(mu)坑(keng)不明顯或(huo)挖淺坑(keng)，用(yong)貝殼填埋；(3)墓(mu)(mu)坑(keng)或(huo)人骨架以(yi)東西向為(wei)(wei)主，實行一次(ci)單人葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)為(wei)(wei)主(河宕可能(neng)也有(you)二次(ci)單人葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang))，未見明確(que)的合葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)墓(mu)(mu)；(4)多(duo)數(shu)墓(mu)(mu)沒有(you)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品(約占(zhan)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)總數(shu)的三(san)分之(zhi)二)，有(you)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品的每(mei)座墓(mu)(mu)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)一件(jian)，也有(you)二、三(san)件(jian)的。這些(xie)情況，可能(neng)在很大程度上反(fan)映了珠江三(san)角洲一帶當時居民(min)的葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)制和(he)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)俗。
地理環境
西(xi)樵(qiao)山文(wen)化分(fen)布的(de)珠江(jiang)三角(jiao)洲，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個地勢坦蕩，河涌縱橫(heng)，山崗臺(tai)地(一(yi)(yi)說是(shi)島丘)棋布，又有(you)不(bu)少低洼沼(zhao)澤(ze)地的(de)沖積平原（62）。這種復合(he)三角(jiao)洲的(de)地理環(huan)境，亞熱帶(dai)或熱帶(dai)氣(qi)候(hou)及自然資源的(de)特點，必然給西(xi)樵(qiao)山文(wen)化原始(shi)居(ju)民的(de)經濟來源和生活習俗，帶(dai)來很大的(de)影響。這可從遺址類型(xing)、自然遺物及居(ju)住遺跡(ji)(如“干闌式”建筑)等方面得到說明(ming)。
遺址類型
在(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)-山崗(或(huo)島丘)、臺(tai)地、土墩、貝(bei)丘、沙(sha)丘(或(huo)沙(sha)洲(zhou))遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)中，貝(bei)丘和(he)沙(sha)丘遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)占半數(shu)以上，總數(shu)不少(shao)于一百處。廣東新石器(qi)中期的(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)貝(bei)丘遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)，也多(duo)(duo)分布于珠江三(san)角洲(zhou)沿海地區。沙(sha)丘(或(huo)沙(sha)洲(zhou))遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)如深圳大、小梅沙(sha)，香港深灣F層第。屬于晚期的(de)貝(bei)丘和(he)沙(sha)丘遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(或(huo)文化層)就(jiu)更多(duo)(duo)了(參看本(ben)文附表(biao))。這(zhe)類(lei)貝(bei)丘和(he)沙(sha)丘遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(主要是(shi)(shi)貝(bei)丘遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi))，堆(dui)積著大量成(cheng)層的(de)介殼類(lei)和(he)水陸棲動物遺(yi)(yi)(yi)骸(hai)。如河(he)宕舊墟發(fa)掘面(mian)積760平(ping)方(fang)米，就(jiu)出(chu)土有三(san)千五百多(duo)(duo)件各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)動物的(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)骨，以及(ji)數(shu)以噸計(ji)的(de)介殼(主要是(shi)(shi)下(xia)層)。下(xia)面(mian)列舉一些比(bi)較(jiao)重要的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬，以供研究(jiu)參考。
象(南海(hai)(hai)民(min)樂、河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)、茅(mao)崗(gang)等(deng)，民(min)樂象頭骨鑒定為“西(xi)樵山(shan)(shan)(shan)亞洲象新亞種)（63）”，牛(河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)層(ceng)、金蘭寺、增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)灘(tan)仙村、新塘、博(bo)(bo)羅(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)場墟、民(min)樂龍船(chuan)田(tian)、觀音廟(miao)口、深(shen)灣[Bos])，豬(河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)，茅(mao)崗(gang)，龍江村，深(shen)灣等(deng)，茅(mao)崗(gang)、河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)經鑒定有小部分屬家(jia)養(yang))，彌(mi)猴(hou)([Macca sp.]河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)下層(ceng))，馬來鱷([Tomistoma sp.]河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)、東莞龍江村等(deng))，硬頭海(hai)(hai)鯰(nian)(俗稱赤魚(yu)[Arius Leiotetoce phalos]深(shen)灣數量多(duo)，還(huan)河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)，金蘭寺)（64），據《深(shen)灣》報告說是一種深(shen)海(hai)(hai)魚(yu)類(lei)，產卵(luan)時可(ke)游至(zhi)(zhi)淺海(hai)(hai)或(huo)河(he)(he)(he)口)，斷斑石(shi)(shi)鱸(俗稱頭鱸，也(ye)深(shen)海(hai)(hai)魚(yu)類(lei)，深(shen)灣有大量出(chu)土(tu))，海(hai)(hai)豚、大魟魚(yu)(深(shen)灣)，麗(li)蚌(bang)或(huo)河(he)(he)(he)蚌(bang)(Lamprotula sp.)蘭蜆(xian)或(huo)河(he)(he)(he)蜆(xian)(Corbicula sp.)，蚶(新會羅(luo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)咀(ju)、環城(cheng)(cheng)牛頭山(shan)(shan)(shan)、茶坑、外海(hai)(hai)潮(chao)蓮(lian)富崗(gang)、青瀾、高鶴古椰(ye)村、博(bo)(bo)羅(luo)馬嘶村、上(shang)南村、惠陽潼湖下里村等(deng))，牡(mu)蠣(li)(俗稱蠓，有長牡(mu)蠣(li)、僧帽牡(mu)蠣(li)等(deng)，河(he)(he)(he)宕(dang)(dang)(dang)舊(jiu)墟、獅子橋(qiao)、南海(hai)(hai)大瀝梁邊村，增(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)仙村、新塘、石(shi)(shi)灘(tan)、博(bo)(bo)羅(luo)鐵(tie)(tie)場圩，新會環城(cheng)(cheng)、外海(hai)(hai)、羅(luo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)咀(ju)等(deng))（65）。此外，有些(xie)遺址還(huan)有石(shi)(shi)、陶網墜。以上(shang)這些(xie)發現，一方面(mian)充分證(zheng)明漁獵、捕(bu)撈業(ye)是當時居民(min)生(sheng)活的(de)主要(yao)來源；另方面(mian)，對(dui)探討(tao)珠三角洲平原的(de)形成(cheng)和(he)變遷及(ji)是否(fou)有過(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)浸(jin)等(deng)問題，也(ye)有參考(kao)價值。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)岡和(he)臺地遺址，從(cong)大量磨制(zhi)石(shi)(shi)斧(fu)、錛(ben)、鏟(chan)和(he)發達的(de)陶器看(kan)，晚期應有原始農業(ye)的(de)出(chu)現。但至(zhi)(zhi)今似未發現過(guo)(guo)農作物，因此無法(fa)作進一步的(de)推斷。
黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)獅藝武術館位于(yu)黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)的(de)出生地南(nan)海(hai)市西樵山下的(de)祿(lu)舟村，距西樵官山城(cheng)區僅三(san)公(gong)里(li)。武術館籌建(jian)于(yu)一九九六(liu)年，占地面積五(wu)點二三(san)畝，綠瓦飛(fei)檐，建(jian)筑別致，具有(you)清末古建(jian)筑風(feng)格。館內分設有(you)黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)故居(ju)、黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)練功休息室、黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)史(shi)跡陳(chen)列影視室、寶芝林堂(tang)(tang)、百草堂(tang)(tang)、關德興紀念堂(tang)(tang)等。另有(you)黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)影視城(cheng)，黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)武術村、黃飛(fei)鴻(hong)水寨(zhai)等正在規劃中。
黃飛鴻(hong)于(yu)(yu)道光(guang)二十七年（一(yi)八四七年）出生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)祿(lu)舟村，其祖父(fu)(fu)黃泰、父(fu)(fu)親黃麒英(ying)均是南拳高手，黃飛鴻(hong)五歲學(xue)父(fu)(fu)習(xi)武(wu)(wu)，父(fu)(fu)嚴子專、進步很快，十二歲時(shi)擊敗廣州鄭大雄(xiong)，頓時(shi)名聲大噪，時(shi)稱“少年英(ying)雄(xiong)”，后(hou)開館授徒。黃飛鴻(hong)武(wu)(wu)藝高強，卻從(cong)不恃強凌弱，他一(yi)生(sheng)行俠仗義，并開設(she)寶(bao)芝林懸壺濟世(shi)，以其高尚的(de)醫德、武(wu)(wu)德深(shen)受(shou)人們(men)愛(ai)戴。
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)飛(fei)鴻獅(shi)藝武(wu)術館系(xi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)飛(fei)鴻家(jia)鄉父(fu)老為弘揚黃(huang)(huang)(huang)飛(fei)鴻醫(yi)德(de)、武(wu)德(de)而建(jian)。館內(nei)除陳列黃(huang)(huang)(huang)飛(fei)鴻、關德(de)興等事(shi)跡圖片實物外(wai)，還(huan)定時表(biao)演功夫(fu)、舞(wu)龍、舞(wu)獅(shi)等傳統項目，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)飛(fei)鴻高樁醒(xing)獅(shi)有世界獅(shi)王之(zhi)稱(cheng)，其表(biao)演精彩絕倫(lun)，讓你大開眼界，堪稱(cheng)世界一絕。吸引(yin)眾多海內(nei)外(wai)游客前來(lai)欣(xin)賞(shang)。
2019年(nian)2月2日，被文(wen)化(hua)和旅游部(bu)命名(ming)為2018-2020年(nian)度“中國民間文(wen)化(hua)藝術之鄉”。
2019年9月11日，西樵鎮入選“2018中國鄉(xiang)鎮綜合競爭(zheng)力(li)100強(qiang)”。
歲月靜好
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反饋(kui)
