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人物生平

獻公寵幸

晉獻(xian)(xian)公五(wu)年（前672年），晉獻(xian)(xian)公攻打驪(li)(li)(li)戎(rong)（古(gu)代少(shao)數民族名，西戎(rong)的一支，姬姓，在今陜西省(sheng)臨潼(tong)縣(xian)的驪(li)(li)(li)山），結果(guo)晉軍(jun)一戰而勝，驪(li)(li)(li)戎(rong)求(qiu)和將(jiang)驪(li)(li)(li)姬與其妹少(shao)姬獻(xian)(xian)給晉獻(xian)(xian)公。晉獻(xian)(xian)公得到(dao)驪(li)(li)(li)姬姐妹二(er)人后(hou)，對她們十分寵愛。后(hou)來，晉獻(xian)(xian)公將(jiang)驪(li)(li)(li)姬立為夫(fu)人。

欲立奚齊

晉獻(xian)公(gong)十二年(nian)(nian)（前665年(nian)(nian)），驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)為晉獻(xian)公(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)奚齊(qi)。驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)想立奚齊(qi)為太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，于是(shi)(shi)賄(hui)賂晉獻(xian)公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)男寵梁五和(he)東(dong)關嬖五，讓他們對晉獻(xian)公(gong)說：“曲(qu)沃(wo)（今山西(xi)聞(wen)喜(xi)東(dong)北）是(shi)(shi)晉國(guo)先祖宗廟所在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，最(zui)好派(pai)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)去鎮守，而蒲(pu)城（今山西(xi)鄉寧(ning)縣及周邊(bian)(bian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)） 靠近(jin)秦國(guo)，屈城（一(yi)(yi)(yi)作南北屈，在(zai)今山西(xi)吉縣及鄉寧(ning)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)）靠近(jin)翟國(guo)（今山西(xi)鄉寧(ning)及周邊(bian)(bian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)），是(shi)(shi)邊(bian)(bian)防(fang)要塞，最(zui)好派(pai)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)耳(er)(er)和(he)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷吾(wu)分別防(fang)守。”晉獻(xian)公(gong)中計，于是(shi)(shi)派(pai)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)住在(zai)曲(qu)沃(wo)，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)耳(er)(er)住在(zai)蒲(pu)城，公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷吾(wu)住在(zai)屈城。只留下奚齊(qi)與少(shao)姬(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)身邊(bian)(bian)，居住在(zai)都城絳城，以伺機廢(fei)掉太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。晉國(guo)人據此推知(zhi)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)將不會繼(ji)位。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)是(shi)(shi)齊(qi)桓公(gong)之(zhi)女，名叫齊(qi)姜，很(hen)早去世。太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同母(mu)妹(mei)妹(mei)穆姬(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)秦穆公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夫(fu)人。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)耳(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)，是(shi)(shi)翟國(guo)（今山西(xi)鄉寧(ning)及周邊(bian)(bian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)）狐氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)女兒。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷吾(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)，是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)耳(er)(er)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)妹(mei)妹(mei)。晉獻(xian)公(gong)有八(ba)個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，其(qi)中太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)申(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)重(zhong)(zhong)耳(er)(er)、公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷吾(wu)都很(hen)賢德。當晉獻(xian)公(gong)得到(dao)驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)之(zhi)后，就開始疏遠這三個兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

陷害申生

晉(jin)獻公私下對驪姬(ji)(ji)說(shuo)：“我(wo)想廢(fei)(fei)黜(chu)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申生，讓奚(xi)齊做(zuo)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)。”驪姬(ji)(ji)哭著說(shuo)：“太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)被立(li)，諸(zhu)侯都已(yi)知道(dao)，而且他(ta)數次領兵，百姓都擁護他(ta)，怎么能因(yin)我(wo)的原因(yin)而廢(fei)(fei)掉嫡子(zi)(zi)改立(li)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)？您一定要那樣做(zuo)，我(wo)就去自(zi)殺。”驪姬(ji)(ji)表(biao)面佯裝稱譽(yu)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)，暗地(di)里卻讓人誹(fei)謗太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)申生，想立(li)自(zi)己的兒子(zi)(zi)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)。

晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)二(er)十一(yi)年（前656年），驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)對(dui)太(tai)子申生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)曾夢見他(ta)的(de)母(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)齊(qi)姜，讓他(ta)速去曲沃祭(ji)(ji)祀一(yi)番(fan)，回來后(hou)把祭(ji)(ji)祀用的(de)胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)獻(xian)(xian)給(gei)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)。太(tai)子申生(sheng)(sheng)于是到(dao)曲沃祭(ji)(ji)祀母(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)齊(qi)姜后(hou)，將(jiang)胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)獻(xian)(xian)給(gei)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)。當時晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)剛好出外打(da)獵，驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)把胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)放在宮中。六(liu)天(tian)（一(yi)作兩(liang)天(tian)）后(hou)，晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)打(da)獵回來，驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)暗中派(pai)人在胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)中下毒，然后(hou)讓廚師將(jiang)胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)奉給(gei)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)要吃胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)，驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)從(cong)旁邊阻止晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)來自遠方，應試試它(ta)。”便把胙(zuo)肉(rou)(rou)給(gei)狗(gou)吃，狗(gou)死(si)了；給(gei)宮中廝役嘗，廝役也(ye)死(si)了。驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)哭著說(shuo)：“太(tai)子為何這般(ban)殘(can)忍呀！連自己父(fu)親(qin)(qin)都想殺(sha)害(hai)去接替他(ta)，更何況其他(ta)人呢？再(zai)說(shuo)父(fu)君年老，早晚(wan)都是要死(si)的(de)人，竟迫不(bu)及待而想謀害(hai)他(ta)！”驪(li)姬(ji)(ji)又對(dui)晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“太(tai)子這樣(yang)做，不(bu)過是因(yin)為我(wo)(wo)和奚齊(qi)的(de)緣故。我(wo)(wo)希望(wang)讓我(wo)(wo)母(mu)(mu)子倆躲到(dao)別的(de)國家去，或者早點自殺(sha)，不(bu)要白白讓母(mu)(mu)子倆被太(tai)子糟踏。早先您(nin)想廢他(ta)，我(wo)(wo)還反對(dui)您(nin)；到(dao)如(ru)今，我(wo)(wo)才(cai)知道(dao)在這件事上是大(da)錯特(te)錯。”太(tai)子申生(sheng)(sheng)聽說(shuo)這消息后(hou)，逃奔到(dao)新城(cheng)。晉(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)大(da)怒，就殺(sha)死(si)太(tai)子申生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)老師杜(du)原款。

有(you)人(ren)對太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說，放毒藥(yao)的是(shi)驪(li)姬，讓太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)面前聲辯，晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)必會(hui)(hui)相信。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說，晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)驪(li)姬，就會(hui)(hui)睡(shui)眠不(bu)安，飲食(shi)不(bu)甘。他(ta)如(ru)果(guo)聲辯，驪(li)姬必定有(you)罪(zui)(zui)。現在晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)年(nian)老，驪(li)姬有(you)罪(zui)(zui)會(hui)(hui)使晉獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)不(bu)高興，這樣他(ta)也會(hui)(hui)憂郁不(bu)樂(le)。有(you)人(ren)勸太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)逃到其他(ta)國家去。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說，背負殺父的惡名(ming)逃奔，誰會(hui)(hui)接納(na)他(ta)，不(bu)如(ru)選(xuan)擇自殺。同年(nian)十(shi)二(er)月二(er)十(shi)七日，太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在新城自殺而死(si)(si)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)后(hou)，驪(li)姬誣陷公(gong)子(zi)重耳和公(gong)子(zi)夷吾，說他(ta)們(men)都(dou)參預太(tai)(tai)子(zi)申(shen)(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的陰謀。于是(shi)公(gong)子(zi)重耳逃亡(wang)到蒲城，公(gong)子(zi)夷吾逃亡(wang)到屈城。

政變被殺

晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二十(shi)六年（前651年）夏天(tian)，晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)參加(jia)由齊(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)在葵丘舉行(xing)的與(yu)各(ge)國諸侯(hou)的盟會(hui)。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)病去(qu)遲，又(you)被周朝宰(zai)孔勸阻，于(yu)是(shi)在途中(zhong)返回晉(jin)(jin)國。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)病情(qing)加(jia)重，對(dui)荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)說：“我(wo)把奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)作為繼承人，他年齡小，大臣們(men)不(bu)服，恐怕會(hui)有禍亂，您能擁立他嗎？”荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)說能。晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說用什么做(zuo)憑證？荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)回答說：“即使您死(si)而(er)復生，我(wo)也(ye)不(bu)感到有愧，這就是(shi)憑證。”于(yu)是(shi)晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)將奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)托付給荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)。荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)擔任國相(xiang)，主持國政(zheng)。同年九月(yue)，晉(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)世，奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)繼位。同年十(shi)月(yue)，里(li)克殺死(si)奚(xi)齊(qi)(qi)，荀(xun)(xun)息(xi)改(gai)立卓子為國君。十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)，里(li)克再度殺死(si)卓子，并對(dui)驪姬進行(xing)羞辱、鞭打一(yi)番后(hou)，將其(qi)殺死(si)。