王淑妃(?-947年(nian)),王氏,邠州人,五代十國時(shi)期后唐(tang)第二位皇(huang)帝后唐(tang)明(ming)宗李嗣源的寵妃,也是(shi)五代第一美女。
王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)邠州人(ren),其家里以(yi)賣餅(bing)為(wei)生。王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)容貌(mao)俊(jun)美,號稱“花見羞(xiu)”,年(nian)(nian)少時(shi)賣給后(hou)梁將領劉(liu)鄩家中當侍女。龍(long)德(de)三年(nian)(nian)(923年(nian)(nian)),劉(liu)鄩去(qu)(qu)世(shi),王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無處(chu)可(ke)歸。當時(shi),后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗李嗣源的夫人(ren)夏氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)(qu)世(shi),正找適當的人(ren)納(na)為(wei)妾,有人(ren)對安(an)重誨(hui)講到王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),安(an)重誨(hui)告訴后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗納(na)她為(wei)妾。王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得到劉(liu)鄩的金銀(yin)很多,全部送(song)給后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗左右(you)及諸子婦人(ren),人(ren)人(ren)都(dou)講王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的好話,后(hou)唐明(ming)(ming)宗更加喜(xi)愛(ai)她。夫人(ren)曹氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)人(ren)簡單質樸(pu),常常怕事,因此王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專寵。
同光四年(nian)(926年(nian)),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)繼(ji)位后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),商議立(li)(li)(li)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),曹(cao)(cao)氏(shi)(shi)當立(li)(li)(li),曹(cao)(cao)氏(shi)(shi)對王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo):“我多病,性(xing)情(qing)不耐煩,妹應(ying)當代替我當。”王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo):“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),帝(di)王(wang)(wang)的(de)匹配(pei),至尊之(zhi)位,誰敢隨便代替呢?”于是(shi)立(li)(li)(li)曹(cao)(cao)氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)淑妃。王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)侍(shi)奉皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)曹(cao)(cao)氏(shi)(shi)很(hen)謹(jin)慎(shen),每次后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)早(zao)晨(chen)起來洗漱穿(chuan)衣(yi)(yi)都是(shi)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)服侍(shi)左右(you)。罷(ba)朝,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)與曹(cao)(cao)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)吃飯,王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)侍(shi)奉左右(you),食畢才(cai)退,從(cong)(cong)(cong)不懈怠。曹(cao)(cao)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)心里也非常喜(xi)歡她(ta)。然而(er)宮(gong)中的(de)事都由王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)做主。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)病重(zhong)(zhong),王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)與宦官(guan)孟漢瓊左右(you)侍(shi)奉,日益(yi)專權,殺害(hai)安(an)重(zhong)(zhong)誨、秦王(wang)(wang)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)都有(you)參與。劉鄩幾個兒(er)子(zi)都因為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)幫助而(er)封官(guan)拜爵。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)愍帝(di)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)厚即位后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),尊曹(cao)(cao)皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)皇太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)皇太妃。起初,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)宮(gong)有(you)生(sheng)兒(er)子(zi)的(de),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)讓王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)收(shou)養,這便是(shi)許王(wang)(wang)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)。李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)乳母司(si)衣(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi),見(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)已老而(er)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)掌握兵(bing)權,想為(wei)(wei)自己日后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)打算,就說(shuo)(shuo):“兒(er)思秦王(wang)(wang)。”當時李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)已經四歲,又教李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)自己說(shuo)(shuo)要求(qiu)見(jian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)明(ming)(ming)宗(zong)(zong)就派(pai)她(ta)將(jiang)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)往來秦王(wang)(wang)府(fu)。就與李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)私通,李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)讓王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)觀察宮(gong)中動靜。李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)已死,司(si)衣(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)認為(wei)(wei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)榮(rong)實際是(shi)用兵(bing)入宮(gong)保衛天子(zi),然而(er)以(yi)反叛(pan)被誅,口出怨言。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)唐(tang)愍帝(di)聽說(shuo)(shuo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)大怒,賜死司(si)衣(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi),然而(er)這事和太妃王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)有(you)牽(qian)連(lian),因此(ci)不高興(xing),想把(ba)她(ta)遷到至德宮(gong),因曹(cao)(cao)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)和王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)(cong)來很(hen)好,怕傷(shang)害(hai)曹(cao)(cao)太后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)感(gan)情(qing)而(er)沒遷,但是(shi)待她(ta)很(hen)淡(dan)薄。
后(hou)唐廢(fei)帝(di)李(li)從(cong)珂即位,曾(ceng)在(zai)妃院設宴,王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)舉酒杯說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“愿意辭別皇帝(di)去當尼姑。”后(hou)唐廢(fei)帝(di)大驚(jing),問原因,王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“小(xiao)兒(er)處偶然得(de)命,如果大兒(er)不容,那么(me)到死的時候,有啥臉面去見(jian)先帝(di)?”說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)著哭了(le)(le)。后(hou)唐廢(fei)帝(di)也為她悲傷,待她很(hen)好(hao)。石(shi)敬瑭(tang)進(jin)攻京城,后(hou)唐廢(fei)帝(di)聚族準(zhun)備自(zi)(zi)焚。王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)對曹太后(hou)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“事急了(le)(le),應該(gai)回避,等候姑夫。”曹太后(hou)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我家到這種(zhong)地步,我不忍(ren)心一個人活著,你自(zi)(zi)己保(bao)重吧!”曹太后(hou)與后(hou)唐廢(fei)帝(di)自(zi)(zi)焚而死,王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)與李(li)從(cong)益及其妹藏在(zai)鞠場內得(de)免死。
后晉高祖石(shi)敬瑭即位,王(wang)(wang)氏自己請(qing)求當(dang)尼姑未成(cheng),遷(qian)到(dao)至(zhi)德宮住(zhu)。后晉遷(qian)都到(dao)汴(bian)州,王(wang)(wang)氏母(mu)(mu)子都相隨,安置宮中,后晉高祖皇后待她如母(mu)(mu)。天福四年(939年)九月十五日,詔(zhao)以郇國三千戶(hu)封李(li)從益為(wei)郇國公(gong),以奉(feng)后唐(tang)(tang)的(de)祭(ji)祀,服色、旌旗(qi)都依(yi)照后唐(tang)(tang)的(de)舊制。太常卿(qing)商(shang)議立(li)(li)后唐(tang)(tang)莊宗(zong)、后唐(tang)(tang)明(ming)宗(zong)、后唐(tang)(tang)愍帝三室,用至(zhi)德宮為(wei)廟(miao);詔(zhao)立(li)(li)后唐(tang)(tang)高祖、后唐(tang)(tang)太宗(zong),為(wei)五廟(miao),派李(li)從益主持祠(ci)廟(miao)祭(ji)祀。
后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉出帝石(shi)重(zhong)貴即位后(hou)(hou)(hou),王(wang)氏(shi)母子都(dou)(dou)回(hui)到(dao)洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)。契丹(dan)進攻京城,趙延壽(shou)所娶后(hou)(hou)(hou)唐明(ming)宗(zong)公(gong)主已經死了,耶律德(de)光(guang)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)趙延壽(shou)娶李(li)從(cong)(cong)益(yi)妹,稱永安公(gong)主。永安公(gong)主生母不(bu)知是(shi)(shi)誰,由王(wang)氏(shi)撫養長大,王(wang)氏(shi)到(dao)京城主持婚禮(li)。耶律德(de)光(guang)見到(dao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)唐明(ming)宗(zong)畫像,焚香(xiang)禮(li)拜,對王(wang)氏(shi)說(shuo):“明(ming)宗(zong)與我約為(wei)(wei)弟兄(xiong),你是(shi)(shi)我嫂子。”不(bu)久欣然說(shuo):“現(xian)在(zai)是(shi)(shi)我妻(qi)了。”就(jiu)用(yong)李(li)從(cong)(cong)益(yi)為(wei)(wei)彰信軍節度(du)使,李(li)從(cong)(cong)益(yi)推辭不(bu)肯當官,和(he)王(wang)氏(shi)都(dou)(dou)回(hui)到(dao)洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)。
耶律德光(guang)北歸(gui),留(liu)蕭翰(han)守汴州。后漢高祖劉(liu)知遠在太原(yuan)起(qi)兵,蕭翰(han)想北去(qu),就派人召李從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)把中原(yuan)委托給他。李從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)子母(mu)逃到徽陵去(qu)躲避使(shi)者,使(shi)者強(qiang)迫他東來,讓李從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)權(quan)知南朝軍國事。李從(cong)(cong)(cong)益(yi)坐崇元殿,蕭翰(han)率契丹諸將(jiang)拜殿上,后晉群臣(chen)拜殿下。群臣(chen)入見(jian)王氏(shi),王氏(shi)說:“我家母(mu)子孤弱,被翰(han)強(qiang)迫,這不是福呀!禍快(kuai)到了!”才以王松、趙上交為(wei)左(zuo)右丞相,李式、翟光(guang)鄴為(wei)樞密使(shi),燕將(jiang)劉(liu)祚(zuo)為(wei)侍衛親軍都指揮(hui)使(shi)。蕭翰(han)留(liu)契丹兵一千(qian)人歸(gui)劉(liu)祚(zuo)而北去(qu)。
后(hou)漢(han)高(gao)祖率(lv)軍南下,李(li)從(cong)(cong)益派人(ren)(ren)召(zhao)(zhao)高(gao)行(xing)周、武行(xing)德等人(ren)(ren)前(qian)去抵(di)抗,高(gao)行(xing)周等人(ren)(ren)都不(bu)到(dao),就與王(wang)(wang)松商議用燕兵(bing)閉城(cheng)自守。王(wang)(wang)氏說:“亡國之(zhi)后(hou),怎敢與別(bie)人(ren)(ren)爭天下?”立即派人(ren)(ren)上書迎接后(hou)漢(han)高(gao)祖。后(hou)漢(han)高(gao)祖聽說他曾召(zhao)(zhao)高(gao)行(xing)周,不(bu)至,就派郭從(cong)(cong)義先率(lv)兵(bing)入京城(cheng)殺(sha)王(wang)(wang)氏母子(zi)。王(wang)(wang)氏臨死大喊說:“我家母子(zi)有什么罪?為何不(bu)留下我兒子(zi)使(shi)他每(mei)年(nian)(nian)寒(han)食節拿(na)一盂飯酒到(dao)后(hou)唐明宗墳上祭祀。”聽見的人(ren)(ren)都感到(dao)悲傷(shang)。李(li)從(cong)(cong)益死時年(nian)(nian)僅十七歲。后(hou)周廣順元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(951年(nian)(nian))四月,郭威追(zhui)謚王(wang)(wang)氏為賢(xian)妃。
歐(ou)陽修等(deng)《新五代史(shi)》:有美色,號“花(hua)見羞(xiu)”。
《新(xin)五代史(shi)·卷十五·唐(tang)明宗家人傳(chuan)第三》