古(gu)(gu)墓屢屢被盜,已引起(qi)了(le)當地(di)有關部門(men)(men)(men)的(de)高度重視。目前(qian),文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主管(guan)部門(men)(men)(men)、公(gong)安部門(men)(men)(men)、黨委(wei)政府(fu)通力合(he)作,齊抓(zhua)共管(guan),于(yu)二(er)(er)(er)00二(er)(er)(er)年十二(er)(er)(er)月批準成立(li)了(le)“平(ping)度市即墨故城及(ji)六(liu)曲(qu)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li)所”。同時,協調鎮、村(cun)健全文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)網(wang)絡和有關保(bao)(bao)護(hu)組織;劃定保(bao)(bao)護(hu)范圍,樹(shu)立(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)標志,建立(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)檔案,征集(ji)史(shi)料(liao)和出土文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。對(dui)六(liu)曲(qu)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)墓群的(de)西陵臺、窟窿山(shan)(shan)、華山(shan)(shan)等4000畝山(shan)(shan)巒實行封閉管(guan)理(li),封山(shan)(shan)育林(lin),廣種花草(cao)樹(shu)木,嚴禁在山(shan)(shan)上(shang)采石(shi)、燒荒、放牧(mu),加寬上(shang)山(shan)(shan)道(dao)路,加蓋漢闕(que)大門(men)(men)(men),大路兩旁增加石(shi)刻、石(shi)雕,使之體現恢宏(hong)大氣(qi)的(de)漢代(dai)氣(qi)象,并準備建立(li)“膠東(dong)王陵遺址公(gong)園”,最終形成膠東(dong)地(di)區的(de)出名文(wen)(wen)化名勝旅游景點。
居住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)的(de)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)侯(hou)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)家(jia)族,多葬(zang)(zang)(zang)于故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)以北的(de)六(liu)(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起龍虎山(shan)(shan),西止窟窿(long)山(shan)(shan),蜿(wan)蜒(yan)15公(gong)里(li),分布在(zai)(zai)古(gu)峴(xian)(xian)、麻蘭、云(yun)山(shan)(shan)3鎮(zhen)10個村莊的(de)30多個山(shan)(shan)頭范圍(wei)內(nei),共有(you)大(da)小墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)360余座,西漢康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)劉寄等(deng)6代(dai)(dai)膠東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)均葬(zang)(zang)(zang)于此。是(shi)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)數(shu)量較(jiao)多、規模較(jiao)大(da)的(de)古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)大(da)部(bu)分坐落(luo)在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)頭和(he)山(shan)(shan)前,有(you)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)孤立在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個山(shan)(shan)頭,有(you)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩(liang)座相連,還有(you)的(de)大(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩(liang)邊排列無數(shu)小墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),宛如眾星拱(gong)月(yue)。窟窿(long)山(shan)(shan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)穴既多且深,有(you)些(xie)彼此通滲(shen),故(gu)(gu)有(you)“一(yi)洞點火,滿山(shan)(shan)冒煙(yan)”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。大(da)部(bu)分墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)封(feng)土完整而(er)高大(da),并筑有(you)方(fang)臺(tai),臺(tai)基(ji)用條石砌成,上鋪沙土。臺(tai)前殘(can)存(cun)有(you)斜坡,可能是(shi)原來(lai)臺(tai)階,有(you)古(gu)建筑遺跡。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)周(zhou)圍(wei)發現大(da)量漢代(dai)(dai)板(ban)瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)和(he)卷云(yun)紋的(de)殘(can)瓦(wa)當(dang)(dang)及(ji)(ji)花紋磚、空心磚等(deng)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)大(da)部(bu)分屬漢代(dai)(dai),少數(shu)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)時期(qi)。相傳康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)就坐落(luo)在(zai)(zai)古(gu)峴(xian)(xian)鎮(zhen)蓬萊(lai)前村西陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)上。高6米,直徑(jing)40米,臺(tai)基(ji)高20米,周(zhou)圍(wei)散存(cun)著大(da)量漢代(dai)(dai)磚瓦(wa)。康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)名寄,景帝十(shi)二子,景帝中元二年(公(gong)元前148年)立為(wei)膠東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),謚號康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),都即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(平度市古(gu)峴(xian)(xian)鎮(zhen)大(da)朱毛村一(yi)帶)。康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)系歷(li)代(dai)(dai)膠東(dong)(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)中的(de)典(dian)型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang),影(ying)響大(da),出名度高。據傳,康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前的(de)蓬萊(lai)前村,就是(shi)當(dang)(dang)年“棚靈前”的(de)變音,而(er)其(qi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)側的(de)杜家(jia)集木、劉家(jia)集木等(deng)村莊則是(shi)當(dang)(dang)年建墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時堆放木料之(zhi)(zhi)場(chang)所,可以想象(xiang)出當(dang)(dang)時殯儀(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)奢華(hua)。千百(bai)年來(lai),膠東(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)帶一(yi)直流傳著“打開康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墳,山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)不受貧”的(de)民(min)謠。1977年六(liu)(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)被山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)革命委員會公(gong)布為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)重點文物保護單位。2001年6月(yue)被國務(wu)院(yuan)公(gong)布為(wei)國家(jia)級(ji)重點文物保護單位。六(liu)(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)為(wei)研究膠東(dong)(dong)(dong)地區的(de)歷(li)史及(ji)(ji)殯葬(zang)(zang)(zang)儀(yi)(yi)制度提供了重要實物參考。
清朝平度(du)知州李世(shi)昌在《平度(du)州志》序中(zhong)寫道:“在戰國時屬(shu)齊即墨。昔田單(dan)嘗以(yi)孤軍抗燕,收齊七十余城,故其后之忠臣、孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)、義(yi)士、仁(ren)人間世(shi)逆出。秦并(bing)六(liu)(liu)國,廢(fei)為郡。漢(han)興,鑒秦之弊,分王子(zi)(zi)弟,犬牙(ya)繡錯。而悼惠以(yi)天子(zi)(zi)至(zhi)戚王齊,得推恩,分列食邑,故其子(zi)(zi)雄渠遂王膠(jiao)東焉,是(shi)即其地也。厥后國除。景帝二年,更以(yi)子(zi)(zi)寄王膠(jiao)東,傳(chuan)至(zhi)數世(shi)而中(zhong)衰(shuai)。”又說從平度(du)東望六(liu)(liu)山,其上有(you)康(kang)王冢(zhong)在焉。慨然曰:“此帝子(zi)(zi)之遺墟也,今(jin)其軼事尚(shang)有(you)傳(chuan)焉者乎”。
即墨故城(cheng)是歷史上不(bu)少朝代(dai)王、候的陪都和封地,是膠東(dong)名城(cheng),在一(yi)千多年的時(shi)間里。前后(hou)共(gong)有八(ba)王、六(liu)侯、一(yi)相治此(ci)。這些王公貴族的墓冢(zhong)大(da)多建在距即墨故城(cheng)十公里左右遠的六(liu)曲山(shan)脈上,形成了一(yi)個規模(mo)宏(hong)大(da)、蔚偉 壯觀(guan)的古墓群(qun)。
六(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)墓(mu)群,東起龍虎(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西至(zhi)窟窿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),蜿蜒近(jin)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)公里,分別在古(gu)峴、云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、麻蘭鎮的十(shi)(shi)多個(ge)(ge)村的三十(shi)(shi)余(yu)個(ge)(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)上,共有三百六(liu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)座(zuo),絕(jue)大(da)部(bu)分為(wei)漢代墓(mu),其(qi)(qi)中大(da)型(xing)(xing)墓(mu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)座(zuo),中型(xing)(xing)墓(mu)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)座(zuo),其(qi)(qi)余(yu)為(wei)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)墓(mu)。其(qi)(qi)中較大(da)的是(shi)西漢景(jing)帝之(zhi)子(zi)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)的康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen),墳(fen)(fen)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)之(zhi)大(da),大(da)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,坐(zuo)落山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),下(xia)部(bu)有排水洞,均用石頭(tou)(tou)(tou)砌(qi)成(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)(qi)遺墟尚存,整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)占(zhan)地(di)約二(er)、三十(shi)(shi)畝,整(zheng)體(ti)呈(cheng)上窄(zhai)下(xia)寬的“凸”字形,墳(fen)(fen)高四(si)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)米,通過(guo)實地(di)考據,我們認為(wei)當年(nian)修筑康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)時將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)夷為(wei)平(ping)地(di)并深挖殯埋后(hou)再(zai)依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢堆積而成(cheng)(cheng)的巨大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,其(qi)(qi)上部(bu)有一平(ping)整(zheng)地(di)塊(kuai),長約百米,寬約八十(shi)(shi)米。四(si)周整(zheng)齊,呈(cheng)方形,有的已被農(nong)民(min)種植(zhi)時令農(nong)作(zuo)物。墳(fen)(fen)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)座(zuo)落山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),土(tu)質堅硬結實,與(yu)自然(ran)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)有很(hen)大(da)不(bu)同(tong),一座(zuo)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)竟大(da)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,足見墳(fen)(fen)墓(mu)之(zhi)大(da),地(di)下(xia)寶物之(zhi)豐厚。民(min)間一直有“打開康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東不(bu)受貧”之(zhi)說。
在康王(wang)墳(fen)山(shan)坡前,修(xiu)(xiu)有(you)(you)康陵寺(si),據當代(dai)村民講,康陵寺(si)建(jian)于(yu)漢朝,距(ju)今兩千多年。乾隆四十年(公元一(yi)七七五年)重修(xiu)(xiu),佛(fo)殿(dian)門(men)前有(you)(you)壯觀(guan)的大(da)匾,宏偉的大(da)山(shan)門(men),有(you)(you)和尚撞鐘的鐘樓,有(you)(you)燒香(xiang)火的香(xiang)檀(tan)。分東西(xi)二廂,東廂住和尚,西(xi)廂住尼(ni)姑,分前后二殿(dian),前殿(dian)三間,塑有(you)(you)四大(da)天王(wang),八大(da)金剛像(xiang),惟妙惟肖(xiao).后殿(dian)五間,塑有(you)(you)西(xi)天活佛(fo),十八羅漢,形象逼真。此廟興盛于(yu)世,聞(wen)名百里,前來(lai)降香(xiang)祁福者眾。可惜在一(yi)九四一(yi)年被(bei)土(tu)頑李德元部拆毀。
六曲(qu)山(shan)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)群在(zai)1978年(nian)(nian)被(bei)公(gong)(gong)布為省級重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)。2001年(nian)(nian)又被(bei)國務(wu)院公(gong)(gong)布為國家(jia)級重(zhong)點文(wen)物 保(bao)護單位(wei)。公(gong)(gong)元1968年(nian)(nian)在(zai)河北正(zheng)定(ding)縣滿城山(shan)區(qu)發掘(jue)了中(zhong)山(shan)靖王(wang)(wang)劉(liu)(liu)勝(sheng)之(zhi)墓(mu),出土(tu)文(wen)物極為豐富,尤其劉(liu)(liu)勝(sheng)夫(fu)婦所(suo)著的(de)(de)金縷(lv)玉衣(yi),為世界考古(gu)(gu)發掘(jue)所(suo)僅見,而且證實了史書記載的(de)(de)可靠,根據膠東王(wang)(wang)劉(liu)(liu)寄的(de)(de)身(shen)份和中(zhong)山(shan)靖王(wang)(wang)劉(liu)(liu)勝(sheng)相同來判斷,劉(liu)(liu)寄夫(fu)婦的(de)(de)遺體(ti)也(ye)應裹在(zai)銀縷(lv)玉衣(yi)或金縷(lv)玉衣(yi)里。