宋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)，子姓(xing)，宋氏，名(ming)鮑(bao)（一作(zuo)鮑(bao)革），亦稱公(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)或公(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)革，宋成公(gong)(gong)之子，宋昭公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)。
公(gong)子鮑(bao)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)賢明(ming)，對(dui)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以禮(li)相待(dai)，當(dang)時宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)發生饑荒(huang)，公(gong)子鮑(bao)把(ba)糧食(shi)全部拿出來施舍。對(dui)年紀在七十(shi)歲以上的(de)(de)，沒有(you)不(bu)(bu)送東西的(de)(de)，還按時令加(jia)送珍貴食(shi)品。沒有(you)一天不(bu)(bu)進出六卿的(de)(de)大門。對(dui)國(guo)(guo)內有(you)才(cai)能的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，沒有(you)不(bu)(bu)加(jia)事奉的(de)(de)；對(dui)親屬(shu)中(zhong)從宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)以下的(de)(de)子孫，沒有(you)不(bu)(bu)加(jia)周濟(ji)的(de)(de)。公(gong)子鮑(bao)長得漂亮而且艷麗，公(gong)子鮑(bao)祖父(fu)宋(song)(song)襄公(gong)的(de)(de)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)（周襄王之姐）想和(he)他私通，公(gong)子鮑(bao)不(bu)(bu)肯，襄公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)就幫助(zhu)他在國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)廣施恩惠。宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)無道(dao)，宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都不(bu)(bu)親附宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)，宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)由于襄公(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)關系而擁護公(gong)子鮑(bao)。
宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)九年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)611年(nian)），當時(shi)，華元擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)右師，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)友擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)左(zuo)師，華耦擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)馬、鱗鱹擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)徒，蕩(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)城，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)朝擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)寇。當初，司(si)城蕩(dang)去(qu)世，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)壽(shou)辭掉司(si)城的(de)(de)官職，請求讓蕩(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。后(hou)來告訴別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)說：“國君無道，我(wo)的(de)(de)官位(wei)接近國君，很怕禍(huo)患引到身上。如果丟掉官職不(bu)干，家(jia)族就無所庇護。兒(er)(er)子(zi)，是我(wo)的(de)(de)代(dai)表，姑(gu)且(qie)(qie)讓我(wo)晚點死去(qu)。這樣，雖然喪(sang)失(shi)兒(er)(er)子(zi)，還不(bu)致于喪(sang)失(shi)家(jia)族。”不(bu)久以(yi)后(hou)，襄公(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)準備(bei)讓宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)在孟諸(zhu)（今河南商(shang)丘東(dong)北）打獵(lie)而(er)乘機殺死他(ta)(ta)。宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)得知(zhi)后(hou)，帶上全部珍寶(bao)出行(xing)(xing)。蕩(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)說：“何不(bu)到諸(zhu)侯那里(li)去(qu)？”宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)說：“得不(bu)到自(zi)己的(de)(de)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)甚至君祖母以(yi)及人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)信任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，諸(zhu)侯誰肯接納我(wo)？而(er)且(qie)(qie)已(yi)經做(zuo)了別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)君主，再做(zuo)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)臣下，不(bu)如死了好。”魯(lu)昭公(gong)(gong)把他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)珍寶(bao)全部賜給左(zuo)右隨行(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員，而(er)讓他(ta)(ta)們(men)離去(qu)。襄公(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)告訴蕩(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)離開(kai)宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)，蕩(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)回(hui)答說：“做(zuo)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)臣下，而(er)又(you)逃(tao)避(bi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)禍(huo)難(nan)，怎么能事(shi)奉(feng)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)國君呢(ni)？”
宋昭(zhao)公九年(nian)（公元前611年(nian)）十(shi)一月(yue)二十(shi)二日，宋昭(zhao)公準備去孟諸打獵，沒有到(dao)達，襄公夫人派遣帥甸（《史記》作衛伯）進攻并殺死宋昭(zhao)公，于是公子鮑(bao)繼(ji)位，是為宋文公。
宋(song)文公(gong)元年（公(gong)元前610年）春天(tian)，晉國荀林父、衛(wei)國孔達、陳國公(gong)孫寧、鄭(zheng)國石楚聯軍攻打宋(song)國，譴(qian)責宋(song)國人殺害(hai)宋(song)昭公(gong)。得知宋(song)文公(gong)繼位的消息后(hou)，便承(cheng)認宋(song)文公(gong)繼位的合法性，于是撤(che)兵(bing)離(li)去(qu)。
宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)609年(nian)(nian)），宋(song)(song)(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)人帶領(ling)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子，準備擁奉宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同母(mu)弟司(si)城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子須來發動叛亂，同年(nian)(nian)十二(er)月，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殺(sha)死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子須和宋(song)(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子，讓宋(song)(song)(song)(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)人在司(si)馬子伯的(de)(de)賓館里(li)攻打宋(song)(song)(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)人，于(yu)是就(jiu)把宋(song)(song)(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)人驅逐(zhu)出境，派(pai)遣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫師擔任司(si)城(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朝去(qu)世(shi)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)樂呂擔任司(si)寇，來安定國(guo)內的(de)(de)人心。
宋(song)(song)文公(gong)四(si)年(nian)（公(gong)元前(qian)606年(nian)）春(chun)天，鄭國公(gong)子歸生接受楚(chu)國命令攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)國。宋(song)(song)文公(gong)派華元、樂(le)呂(lv)帶兵抵御。二(er)月初十日，雙方(fang)在(zai)大棘開(kai)戰，宋(song)(song)軍大敗。鄭軍俘虜(lu)華元，得到樂(le)呂(lv)的尸首，繳獲戰車四(si)百(bai)六(liu)十輛，俘虜(lu)二(er)百(bai)五十人，割下一(yi)百(bai)名宋(song)(song)軍陣亡士兵的耳朵。
華元準備與鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)開戰(zhan)時，殺羊犒賞士兵，他的車夫羊斟沒有(you)吃到羊肉(rou)羹汁，所以怨恨華元。等到兩軍(jun)(jun)(jun)交戰(zhan)，羊斟說(shuo)：“前天(tian)(tian)的羊，是(shi)你作主；今天(tian)(tian)的打仗，是(shi)我作主。”就驅車沖進鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)中(zhong)，因此宋軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)敗，鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)得(de)以活捉華元。
宋文(wen)公用一百輛戰(zhan)(zhan)車、四(si)百匹毛(mao)色漂亮(liang)的良馬，從鄭國贖回(hui)華元。戰(zhan)(zhan)車和良馬還沒全部送到鄭國，華元就自己逃回(hui)了宋國。
宋(song)文公(gong)五年（公(gong)元前(qian)605年），宋(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)、宋(song)穆公(gong)的(de)族人用(yong)曹(cao)國的(de)軍(jun)隊攻打宋(song)國。同年秋天(tian)，宋(song)文公(gong)派軍(jun)隊包(bao)圍曹(cao)國，以報復宋(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)等族人的(de)叛(pan)亂。
宋文公十一(yi)年（公元(yuan)前600年）冬天(tian)，宋文公乘滕(teng)國有喪事之(zhi)機，派兵包(bao)圍滕(teng)國。
宋文公十二年(nian)（公元前599年(nian)），滕國(guo)人(ren)依靠晉國(guo)而不事奉宋國(guo)。同年(nian)六月，宋文公再度派兵(bing)進攻(gong)滕國(guo)。
宋文(wen)公十五(wu)年（公元(yuan)前597年）夏天，楚國(guo)國(guo)君楚莊王(wang)因(yin)宋國(guo)曾救援蕭國(guo)，于是派兵進攻(gong)宋國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)十六年（公(gong)元前(qian)596年），楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)使者經過宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)有舊仇(chou)，便抓住楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)使者。同年九月，楚(chu)莊王圍攻宋(song)國(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)文公十(shi)七年(nian)（公元前595年(nian)），因楚(chu)軍包圍宋(song)國(guo)五個月不解圍，宋(song)國(guo)都城中沒有糧食，岌岌可危，于是宋(song)文公派(pai)樂嬰齊到(dao)晉國(guo)求救。晉國(guo)國(guo)君晉景公本想(xiang)救援宋(song)國(guo)，但采納大臣伯(bo)宗的建議，就(jiu)停(ting)止(zhi)發兵援救宋(song)國(guo)，只是派(pai)遣(qian)解揚到(dao)宋(song)國(guo)去，讓宋(song)國(guo)不要(yao)投降(jiang)楚(chu)國(guo)。
宋文(wen)公十七年（公元(yuan)前595年）五月(yue)，楚(chu)(chu)莊王(wang)準備撤軍(jun)，但在(zai)申(shen)犀(xi)、申(shen)叔(shu)勸阻(zu)下(xia)楚(chu)(chu)莊王(wang)沒有撤軍(jun)，反而采納申(shen)叔(shu)的計策，讓人在(zai)宋國建房子(zi)(zi)、種田。宋文(wen)公害怕，派(pai)華元(yuan)在(zai)夜里進入楚(chu)(chu)軍(jun)營見(jian)楚(chu)(chu)將子(zi)(zi)反，子(zi)(zi)反告訴楚(chu)(chu)莊王(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)莊王(wang)問：“城中情況(kuang)怎樣(yang)？”華元(yuan)說：“劈開人骨頭當柴(chai)燒，互相交換子(zi)(zi)女來烹食。”楚(chu)(chu)莊王(wang)說：“多(duo)誠實(shi)的話啊！我軍(jun)也只(zhi)有兩(liang)天(tian)的軍(jun)糧。”因(yin)為華元(yuan)的誠實(shi)，楚(chu)(chu)國終于罷兵解圍而去。
宋(song)(song)文公二十二年（公元前(qian)589年）八月，宋(song)(song)文公去世，其子宋(song)(song)共公繼位。
巧笑倩兮 
