宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)，子(zi)姓，宋(song)氏，名(ming)鮑(bao)（一作鮑(bao)革），亦(yi)稱公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)或(huo)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)革，宋(song)成公(gong)(gong)之子(zi)，宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)為人(ren)(ren)賢明，對(dui)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)禮相待，當時宋(song)國(guo)(guo)發生(sheng)饑荒，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)把糧食全(quan)部拿出來(lai)施(shi)舍。對(dui)年紀在七十(shi)歲以(yi)上的，沒(mei)有不(bu)(bu)送東西的，還按(an)時令(ling)加(jia)(jia)送珍(zhen)貴(gui)食品(pin)。沒(mei)有一天不(bu)(bu)進出六卿的大(da)門。對(dui)國(guo)(guo)內有才(cai)能的人(ren)(ren)，沒(mei)有不(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)事奉(feng)的；對(dui)親屬(shu)中從宋(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)下的子(zi)(zi)孫，沒(mei)有不(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)周濟的。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)長得(de)漂亮而且(qie)艷麗，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)祖父宋(song)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)的夫人(ren)(ren)（周襄(xiang)王之姐）想(xiang)和他(ta)私(si)通(tong)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)不(bu)(bu)肯，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)就幫助他(ta)在國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)中廣施(shi)恩惠。宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)無道，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)都不(bu)(bu)親附宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)由(you)于(yu)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)的關(guan)系而擁護公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)。
宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)九年（公(gong)元前611年），當時，華元擔(dan)任(ren)右師，公(gong)子(zi)友擔(dan)任(ren)左(zuo)師，華耦擔(dan)任(ren)司馬、鱗(lin)鱹擔(dan)任(ren)司徒(tu)，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)擔(dan)任(ren)司城，公(gong)子(zi)朝擔(dan)任(ren)司寇。當初(chu)，司城蕩(dang)(dang)去世，公(gong)子(zi)壽辭掉司城的官職，請求(qiu)讓(rang)(rang)蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)擔(dan)任(ren)。后(hou)來告(gao)訴別人說(shuo)：“國君(jun)無道(dao)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)的官位接近(jin)國君(jun)，很怕禍患引到身上(shang)。如(ru)果(guo)丟掉官職不(bu)干，家族就無所(suo)庇護(hu)。兒子(zi)，是我(wo)(wo)(wo)的代(dai)表，姑(gu)且讓(rang)(rang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)晚點死去。這(zhe)樣，雖然喪(sang)失(shi)兒子(zi)，還不(bu)致于(yu)喪(sang)失(shi)家族。”不(bu)久(jiu)以后(hou)，襄公(gong)夫人準備讓(rang)(rang)宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)在孟諸(zhu)（今河南商丘東北）打獵而乘機殺死他。宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)得知后(hou)，帶上(shang)全部珍寶(bao)出行(xing)。蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)說(shuo)：“何不(bu)到諸(zhu)侯(hou)那里去？”宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)說(shuo)：“得不(bu)到自(zi)己(ji)的大(da)夫甚至君(jun)祖母(mu)以及人們的信任(ren)，諸(zhu)侯(hou)誰肯接納我(wo)(wo)(wo)？而且已經做(zuo)了別人的君(jun)主，再做(zuo)別人的臣下，不(bu)如(ru)死了好。”魯昭(zhao)公(gong)把他的珍寶(bao)全部賜給左(zuo)右隨行(xing)人員，而讓(rang)(rang)他們離去。襄公(gong)夫人派人告(gao)訴蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)離開宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸(zhu)回答說(shuo)：“做(zuo)他的臣下，而又逃(tao)避他的禍難(nan)，怎(zen)么能事奉(feng)以后(hou)的國君(jun)呢(ni)？”
宋昭公九年（公元前611年）十(shi)一月二(er)十(shi)二(er)日，宋昭公準備(bei)去孟諸打獵，沒有(you)到達(da)，襄公夫人派遣帥甸（《史記》作(zuo)衛伯）進攻(gong)并(bing)殺死宋昭公，于是(shi)公子鮑繼位，是(shi)為(wei)宋文(wen)公。
宋文公元年（公元前610年）春天，晉國(guo)荀(xun)林(lin)父、衛國(guo)孔達、陳(chen)國(guo)公孫(sun)寧、鄭國(guo)石(shi)楚聯(lian)軍攻(gong)打宋國(guo)，譴責宋國(guo)人殺害宋昭(zhao)公。得(de)知宋文公繼位的消息后，便承認宋文公繼位的合法性，于是撤兵離去。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二年（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前609年），宋(song)(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)人帶領宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之子，準(zhun)備擁奉宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同母弟司城公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子須來發動叛亂，同年十二月(yue)，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殺死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子須和宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之子，讓(rang)宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)人在司馬子伯的(de)(de)賓(bin)館(guan)里攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)人，于是就把宋(song)(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)族(zu)人驅逐出境，派(pai)遣(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)師擔任(ren)司城。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朝(chao)去世，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)樂呂擔任(ren)司寇(kou)，來安定國內的(de)(de)人心。
宋文公(gong)(gong)四(si)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前606年(nian)）春(chun)天，鄭國(guo)公(gong)(gong)子歸生接受楚國(guo)命令攻打宋國(guo)。宋文公(gong)(gong)派華元(yuan)、樂呂帶兵(bing)抵御。二(er)月初十日，雙方在大(da)棘開(kai)戰，宋軍大(da)敗。鄭軍俘(fu)(fu)虜華元(yuan)，得(de)到樂呂的尸首，繳獲(huo)戰車四(si)百六十輛(liang)，俘(fu)(fu)虜二(er)百五(wu)十人，割下一百名(ming)宋軍陣亡士兵(bing)的耳(er)朵。
華元準備與鄭軍(jun)開(kai)戰時，殺羊犒賞士兵(bing)，他的車夫羊斟沒有吃到羊肉羹汁，所以怨恨華元。等到兩軍(jun)交戰，羊斟說：“前天的羊，是你作(zuo)主；今天的打(da)仗(zhang)，是我(wo)作(zuo)主。”就(jiu)驅(qu)車沖進鄭軍(jun)軍(jun)中，因此宋(song)軍(jun)戰敗，鄭軍(jun)得以活捉華元。
宋文公用一(yi)百輛戰車(che)、四百匹毛色漂亮(liang)的(de)良馬，從鄭國(guo)贖回華元(yuan)。戰車(che)和良馬還沒(mei)全部送到(dao)鄭國(guo)，華元(yuan)就自己逃(tao)回了(le)宋國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)五年（公(gong)元(yuan)前605年），宋(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)、宋(song)穆(mu)公(gong)的族(zu)人用(yong)曹國的軍隊攻打(da)宋(song)國。同年秋天，宋(song)文公(gong)派軍隊包圍(wei)曹國，以報復(fu)宋(song)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)等族(zu)人的叛亂。
宋文(wen)公(gong)十一年(nian)（公(gong)元前600年(nian)）冬天(tian)，宋文(wen)公(gong)乘滕(teng)國(guo)有喪(sang)事(shi)之機，派(pai)兵包圍(wei)滕(teng)國(guo)。
宋文(wen)公十二年（公元前599年），滕(teng)國(guo)人依靠晉國(guo)而不事奉宋國(guo)。同年六月，宋文(wen)公再度派(pai)兵(bing)進攻滕(teng)國(guo)。
宋(song)文公十(shi)五(wu)年（公元(yuan)前597年）夏(xia)天，楚國(guo)國(guo)君楚莊(zhuang)王因(yin)宋(song)國(guo)曾救(jiu)援(yuan)蕭(xiao)國(guo)，于是派兵進攻(gong)宋(song)國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)（公(gong)元前596年(nian)），楚國(guo)使者(zhe)經過宋(song)國(guo)，宋(song)國(guo)與楚國(guo)有(you)舊(jiu)仇，便抓住楚國(guo)使者(zhe)。同(tong)年(nian)九(jiu)月，楚莊王圍(wei)攻宋(song)國(guo)。
宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公十(shi)七年（公元前595年），因楚軍包(bao)圍(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)國五個月不(bu)解圍(wei)，宋(song)(song)(song)國都城中沒(mei)有糧食，岌岌可危，于(yu)是宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公派(pai)樂嬰齊到(dao)晉(jin)國求救(jiu)。晉(jin)國國君(jun)晉(jin)景公本想救(jiu)援宋(song)(song)(song)國，但(dan)采納大臣伯(bo)宗的建(jian)議(yi)，就停止發兵援救(jiu)宋(song)(song)(song)國，只是派(pai)遣解揚到(dao)宋(song)(song)(song)國去，讓宋(song)(song)(song)國不(bu)要(yao)投降楚國。
宋文公十七(qi)年（公元前595年）五月，楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王準備撤(che)軍(jun)(jun)，但(dan)在(zai)申(shen)(shen)犀、申(shen)(shen)叔(shu)勸阻(zu)下楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王沒有(you)(you)撤(che)軍(jun)(jun)，反而(er)(er)采納申(shen)(shen)叔(shu)的(de)計策，讓人在(zai)宋國建房子(zi)、種田。宋文公害(hai)怕，派華(hua)(hua)元在(zai)夜里進(jin)入楚(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)營見楚(chu)(chu)將(jiang)子(zi)反，子(zi)反告訴楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王。楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王問(wen)：“城中情況怎樣？”華(hua)(hua)元說：“劈開(kai)人骨頭當柴燒，互相(xiang)交(jiao)換子(zi)女(nv)來烹食(shi)。”楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王說：“多誠(cheng)實(shi)的(de)話啊(a)！我軍(jun)(jun)也只有(you)(you)兩天(tian)的(de)軍(jun)(jun)糧。”因為華(hua)(hua)元的(de)誠(cheng)實(shi)，楚(chu)(chu)國終于罷兵解圍而(er)(er)去(qu)。
宋(song)文(wen)公二(er)十二(er)年(nian)（公元前(qian)589年(nian)）八(ba)月，宋(song)文(wen)公去(qu)世，其子宋(song)共公繼位(wei)。
巧笑倩兮 
