宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)，子(zi)(zi)姓，宋(song)氏(shi)，名鮑(bao)（一作(zuo)鮑(bao)革），亦稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)或(huo)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)革，宋(song)成公(gong)(gong)之子(zi)(zi)，宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)的弟弟。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)為人(ren)賢(xian)明，對國人(ren)以禮(li)相待(dai)，當(dang)時宋(song)國發生饑荒，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)把糧食全部(bu)拿出(chu)來(lai)施舍。對年紀在七(qi)十(shi)歲以上(shang)的(de)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)不(bu)送東西的(de)，還按(an)時令加(jia)(jia)送珍貴食品。沒(mei)有(you)(you)一天不(bu)進出(chu)六卿的(de)大門。對國內(nei)有(you)(you)才能的(de)人(ren)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)不(bu)加(jia)(jia)事奉的(de)；對親屬(shu)中(zhong)從(cong)宋(song)桓公(gong)(gong)以下的(de)子(zi)(zi)孫，沒(mei)有(you)(you)不(bu)加(jia)(jia)周濟的(de)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)長(chang)得(de)漂(piao)亮(liang)而且艷(yan)麗，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)祖(zu)父宋(song)襄公(gong)(gong)的(de)夫人(ren)（周襄王(wang)之(zhi)姐）想和他私通，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)不(bu)肯，襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)就幫助他在國人(ren)中(zhong)廣施恩(en)惠。宋(song)昭公(gong)(gong)無道，宋(song)國人(ren)都不(bu)親附(fu)宋(song)昭公(gong)(gong)，宋(song)國人(ren)由于襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)的(de)關系而擁護(hu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鮑(bao)。
宋昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)九年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前611年(nian)），當時，華(hua)元擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)右師，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子友擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)左(zuo)師，華(hua)耦擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)司馬、鱗鱹擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)司徒，蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)司城，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朝擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)司寇。當初，司城蕩(dang)去(qu)(qu)世，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子壽辭掉(diao)司城的(de)(de)官職(zhi)，請求(qiu)讓蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)。后來(lai)告訴(su)別(bie)人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)：“國君無道，我的(de)(de)官位接近國君，很怕禍(huo)患引到(dao)身上。如果丟掉(diao)官職(zhi)不(bu)干，家(jia)(jia)族就無所庇護。兒(er)子，是我的(de)(de)代表，姑且讓我晚點死(si)去(qu)(qu)。這樣，雖然喪失(shi)兒(er)子，還不(bu)致于喪失(shi)家(jia)(jia)族。”不(bu)久以后，襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)準(zhun)備讓宋昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在孟諸(zhu)(zhu)（今(jin)河南(nan)商丘東北(bei)）打獵(lie)而(er)乘機殺死(si)他(ta)。宋昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得知后，帶上全(quan)(quan)部珍(zhen)寶出(chu)行。蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)：“何不(bu)到(dao)諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)那(nei)里去(qu)(qu)？”宋昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“得不(bu)到(dao)自己(ji)的(de)(de)大夫(fu)甚至(zhi)君祖母以及人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)信任(ren)(ren)(ren)，諸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)誰肯接納我？而(er)且已經做了別(bie)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)君主，再做別(bie)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)臣下，不(bu)如死(si)了好(hao)。”魯昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)把他(ta)的(de)(de)珍(zhen)寶全(quan)(quan)部賜給左(zuo)右隨行人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，而(er)讓他(ta)們(men)離(li)去(qu)(qu)。襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)派(pai)人(ren)(ren)告訴(su)蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)離(li)開宋昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，蕩(dang)意諸(zhu)(zhu)回(hui)答(da)說(shuo)：“做他(ta)的(de)(de)臣下，而(er)又逃避他(ta)的(de)(de)禍(huo)難，怎么能(neng)事奉以后的(de)(de)國君呢？”
宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)九(jiu)年（公(gong)元前611年）十一月二十二日(ri)，宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)準備去孟諸打(da)獵，沒有到達，襄公(gong)夫(fu)人派遣帥甸（《史記》作衛(wei)伯）進攻并殺死宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)，于是(shi)公(gong)子鮑(bao)繼位(wei)，是(shi)為宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)。
宋文(wen)公(gong)元(yuan)年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)610年(nian)）春天，晉(jin)國(guo)荀林父(fu)、衛(wei)國(guo)孔(kong)達(da)、陳(chen)國(guo)公(gong)孫(sun)寧、鄭國(guo)石楚聯軍攻打宋國(guo)，譴(qian)責(ze)宋國(guo)人殺(sha)害宋昭公(gong)。得知(zhi)宋文(wen)公(gong)繼位的消息后(hou)，便承認(ren)宋文(wen)公(gong)繼位的合(he)法性，于(yu)是撤兵離去。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前609年(nian)），宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)(zu)人帶領宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)，準備擁奉宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同母弟司(si)城公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)須來(lai)發動叛亂(luan)，同年(nian)十(shi)二月，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殺(sha)死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)須和宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)，讓宋(song)(song)戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)(zu)人在司(si)馬子(zi)(zi)伯的(de)賓館里攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)人，于是就(jiu)把宋(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)(zu)人驅逐(zhu)出(chu)境(jing)，派遣(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫師擔任司(si)城。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝(chao)去世，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)派樂呂擔任司(si)寇，來(lai)安定國內(nei)的(de)人心(xin)。
宋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)年（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前606年）春(chun)天，鄭(zheng)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)歸生接受楚國(guo)命令攻打宋國(guo)。宋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)派華(hua)元、樂(le)呂帶兵抵御。二(er)月初十(shi)(shi)日，雙方在大(da)棘(ji)開戰(zhan)，宋軍大(da)敗。鄭(zheng)軍俘(fu)(fu)虜華(hua)元，得到樂(le)呂的尸首，繳獲戰(zhan)車四(si)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)輛(liang)，俘(fu)(fu)虜二(er)百(bai)五十(shi)(shi)人，割(ge)下一百(bai)名宋軍陣亡士(shi)兵的耳朵。
華元(yuan)準(zhun)備與鄭(zheng)軍(jun)開戰(zhan)時，殺(sha)羊(yang)犒賞士兵(bing)，他的車夫羊(yang)斟(zhen)沒有(you)吃(chi)到(dao)(dao)羊(yang)肉羹(geng)汁，所以(yi)怨(yuan)恨華元(yuan)。等(deng)到(dao)(dao)兩軍(jun)交(jiao)戰(zhan)，羊(yang)斟(zhen)說(shuo)：“前天的羊(yang)，是你作主；今(jin)天的打仗，是我作主。”就驅車沖進鄭(zheng)軍(jun)軍(jun)中(zhong)，因(yin)此宋軍(jun)戰(zhan)敗(bai)，鄭(zheng)軍(jun)得以(yi)活捉(zhuo)華元(yuan)。
宋(song)文公用(yong)一百(bai)輛(liang)戰車、四百(bai)匹毛色漂(piao)亮的良(liang)馬，從鄭國贖回華元。戰車和良(liang)馬還沒全部送到鄭國，華元就自己逃回了宋(song)國。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公五年（公元前(qian)605年），宋(song)(song)武公、宋(song)(song)穆公的族人用曹(cao)國(guo)的軍隊(dui)攻打宋(song)(song)國(guo)。同年秋天，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公派軍隊(dui)包圍(wei)曹(cao)國(guo)，以報復宋(song)(song)武公等族人的叛亂。
宋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)十一年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前600年(nian)）冬天，宋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)乘(cheng)滕(teng)國有喪事之機，派兵包(bao)圍滕(teng)國。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公十二年(nian)(nian)（公元前599年(nian)(nian)），滕國(guo)人依靠晉國(guo)而不事奉宋(song)(song)國(guo)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)六(liu)月(yue)，宋(song)(song)文(wen)公再度派兵(bing)進攻滕國(guo)。
宋文公(gong)十五(wu)年（公(gong)元前597年）夏(xia)天，楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君楚(chu)莊王因宋國(guo)(guo)曾救援蕭國(guo)(guo)，于是(shi)派兵進攻(gong)宋國(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)十六年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元前596年(nian)(nian)），楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)使者(zhe)經過(guo)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)有舊仇，便抓住(zhu)楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)使者(zhe)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)九月，楚莊王(wang)圍攻宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)(song)文公十(shi)七年(nian)（公元前595年(nian)），因楚軍包圍宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五個月不解圍，宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城中沒(mei)有糧食，岌岌可危，于是宋(song)(song)文公派(pai)樂嬰齊到(dao)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)求救(jiu)。晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)晉(jin)(jin)景公本想救(jiu)援宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，但采納大(da)臣伯宗的(de)建(jian)議，就停止發兵(bing)援救(jiu)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，只是派(pai)遣解揚(yang)到(dao)宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)，讓宋(song)(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不要投降楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)文(wen)公十(shi)七年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)前595年(nian)）五月，楚莊王準(zhun)備撤(che)軍(jun)(jun)，但在申犀、申叔勸阻下楚莊王沒(mei)有撤(che)軍(jun)(jun)，反而采納申叔的計策(ce)，讓人在宋(song)國(guo)建房子、種田。宋(song)文(wen)公害怕(pa)，派華元(yuan)(yuan)在夜里進入楚軍(jun)(jun)營見楚將子反，子反告訴(su)楚莊王。楚莊王問：“城中情況怎樣？”華元(yuan)(yuan)說(shuo)：“劈開人骨頭當柴(chai)燒，互(hu)相(xiang)交換子女來烹食(shi)。”楚莊王說(shuo)：“多誠實的話啊！我軍(jun)(jun)也(ye)只(zhi)有兩天的軍(jun)(jun)糧。”因為華元(yuan)(yuan)的誠實，楚國(guo)終于罷(ba)兵解圍而去。
宋(song)文公二十二年(nian)(nian)（公元前589年(nian)(nian)）八月(yue)，宋(song)文公去(qu)世(shi)，其子宋(song)共公繼位。
巧笑倩兮 
