新(xin)湖公園(yuan)位于廣(guang)東省茂名市區人(ren)民北路(lu),1987年(nian)建(jian)成,公園(yuan)面積為22.26公頃,其中水面積10.13公頃;建(jian)筑(zhu)面積只有0.28公頃,僅占總面積的1.3%。
公(gong)園內分(fen)三個(ge)(ge)功(gong)能區(qu)。北區(qu)是(shi)(shi)安靜休息區(qu),有大(da)片綠地,樹木成(cheng)林,植(zhi)物(wu)品種豐富。東區(qu)是(shi)(shi)景觀區(qu),有大(da)型(xing)假山水池和大(da)型(xing)雕塑(su)。另一個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)湖區(qu),湖中有兩島(dao),一為(wei)(wei)北島(dao),一為(wei)(wei)浮丘。浮丘上建園中園“探勝”,以多種形式的園林小品和豐富的植(zhi)物(wu)品種構成(cheng)高雅幽靜的環境。新湖公(gong)園是(shi)(shi)茂名市市民(min)常(chang)去游玩、休閑(xian)的好地方。
新(xin)湖公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景創(chuang)作手法上(shang),在(zai)繼承傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)逐步有(you)所創(chuang)新(xin)。在(zai)許多方(fang)面努力實現(xian)(xian)社會(hui)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)游憩生活(huo)內容與(yu)民(min)族化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)藝術形式(shi)相統(tong)(tong)(tong)一。就山(shan)水(shui)(shui)創(chuang)作而言(yan),中國自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)發揚。絕大多數(shu)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)采(cai)取(qu)自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi),構(gou)景主(zhu)體是山(shan)水(shui)(shui),因山(shan)就水(shui)(shui)布置亭榭堂屋、花草(cao)樹(shu)木,例(li)如(ru)西安興慶公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(圖(tu)(tu)2)和(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)海長(chang)風(feng)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。就植物(wu)(wu)造(zao)景而言(yan),對(dui)(dui)植物(wu)(wu)題材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用,如(ru)同對(dui)(dui)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理一樣,首先通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)植物(wu)(wu)形態和(he)(he)(he)(he)生態習(xi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識所激發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)感來表(biao)現(xian)(xian)植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)性特征(zheng),其次是注意(yi)種植位置。西方(fang)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些植物(wu)(wu)造(zao)景手法(如(ru)大面積緩坡草(cao)坪)也得(de)到(dao)運用,例(li)如(ru)杭(hang)州(zhou)花港觀魚公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)南京(jing)藥物(wu)(wu)花園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(見彩圖(tu)(tu))。就園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)而言(yan),力求把建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)融為一體,注意(yi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)類型與(yu)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)環境之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機統(tong)(tong)(tong)一,并主(zhu)要采(cai)取(qu)了(le)(le)民(min)族形式(shi),在(zai)空間(jian)構(gou)圖(tu)(tu)、比(bi)例(li)尺度和(he)(he)(he)(he)結構(gou)工藝上(shang),也引用了(le)(le)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術手法、材料和(he)(he)(he)(he)施工技術,出現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)大批神(shen)似傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai) 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),例(li)如(ru)杭(hang)州(zhou)曲(qu)院(yuan)風(feng)荷公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)桂林(lin)(lin)蘆笛巖公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。此外,中國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)中注重(zhong)文學情(qing)趣和(he)(he)(he)(he)哲理意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong),也在(zai)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中有(you)所體現(xian)(xian)。多數(shu)景點、景區都(dou)根據設計構(gou)思和(he)(he)(he)(he)觀賞效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一來命名,主(zhu)要園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)也常配有(you)詩詞楹聯或(huo)匾額題字(zi),例(li)如(ru)蕪(wu)湖翠明園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)廣(guang)州(zhou)蘭圃。
中國各地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)長(chang)期的(de)(de)發展中逐步形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)一些地(di)方風(feng)格。例如,廣州公園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)地(di)方風(feng)格主要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai):植物造景上(shang)(shang)情調(diao)熱烈,形(xing)成(cheng)四季(ji)花潮;園(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑(zhu)上(shang)(shang)布局自由(you)明朗;山水結構上(shang)(shang)注重水景的(de)(de)自然式布局;擅長(chang)運(yun)用塑石工藝和(he)“園(yuan)(yuan)中園(yuan)(yuan)”形(xing)式等(deng)。哈爾濱公園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)地(di)方風(feng)格主要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai):采取有(you)軸(zhou)線(xian)的(de)(de)規整形(xing)式平(ping)面(mian)布局;園(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑(zhu)受俄(e)羅斯建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格的(de)(de)影(ying)響;大量運(yun)用雕(diao)(diao)塑和(he)五(wu)色(se)草花壇作為公園(yuan)(yuan)綠地(di)的(de)(de)點景;以夏季(ji)野(ye)游(you)為主的(de)(de)游(you)憩環境;冬季(ji)利(li)用冰雕(diao)(diao)雪塑造景等(deng)。